Martyn Cooke - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Martyn Cooke
Papers on Anthropology, 2013
Although historically, anatomy and pathology collections have played a significant part in medica... more Although historically, anatomy and pathology collections have played a significant part in medical education in the UK, many of these collections have suffered neglect towards the end of the last century. As specimens were used less often for teaching and research, collections declined-and with them their documentation and the requisite preservation skills. Recent interest in objectbased learning and practical teaching sessions has revived the use of pathology and anatomy collections, but there are fewer collections and staff available to facilitate this learning. This paper reports on a project launched by the Museums and Archives department of the Royal College of Surgeons of England which aims to safeguard both anatomy and pathology specimens and the skills required to preserve these. THE PROJECT A three-year conservation initiative was launched by the Museums and Archives Department of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, generously supported by the John Ellerman Foundation and the Board of Trustees of the Hunterian Collection. 'Endangered Specimens, Endangered Skills' is in the process of training two new conservators, preserving 900 specimens from the College's collections and injecting more 'wet' preparation skills into the sector through a bespoke training programme. Those involved in the project's specialist-lead workshops and tutorials are custodians of similar collections, or entrylevel colleagues seeking specific skills in conservation and collections care to ensure their future employability. Training is supported with the opportunity
BioTechniques, 2022
Museum specimens and histologically fixed material are valuable samples for the study of historic... more Museum specimens and histologically fixed material are valuable samples for the study of historical soft tissues and represent a possible pathogen-specific source for retrospective molecular investigations. However, current methods for molecular analysis are inherently destructive, posing a dilemma between performing a study with the available technology, thus damaging the sample, and conserving the material for future investigations. Here the authors present the first tests of a non-destructive alternative that facilitates genetic analysis of fixed wet tissues while avoiding tissue damage. The authors extracted DNA from the fixed tissues as well as their embedding fixative solution, to quantify the DNA that was transferred to the liquid component. The results show that human historical DNA can be retrieved from the fixative material of medical specimens and provide new options for sampling valuable collections.
The segmentations (ImageJ ROIs as zip) and measurements (csv files) of intact secondary osteons, ... more The segmentations (ImageJ ROIs as zip) and measurements (csv files) of intact secondary osteons, Haversian canals and infill areas organised into folders "IntactOsteons", "HaversianCanals", and "InfilledAreas"
QTL identification in soybean related to stink bug resistance and agronomic traits using the mult... more QTL identification in soybean related to stink bug resistance and agronomic traits using the multivariate multiple interval mapping approach Soybean is the Brazilian crop with the most expansion along the past three decades. Currently, it is a commodity commercialized in large scale as grain, bran and oil. Because it is an important source of protein, it plays a fundamental role in the food industry, both human and animal. Soybean monoculture in large areas has increased crop vulnerability to pathogens and insect pests, with significant consequences on grain production. Among such pest insects, stink bugs are considered a major pest of soybean crop, feeding directly on seeds, reducing yield and seed quality. Losses in crop yield due to stink bugs attack are greater than 30% and seed germination compromising can be greater than 50%. This study aimed to identify QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci), for stink bug resistance traits and agronomic traits using the multivariate multiple interval mapping. An F2 mapping population of 228 plants derived from a biparental cross between IAC-100 and CD-215 was used for genotyping. An F2:3 population was developed to evaluate eight stink bug resistant traits such as graining period, leaf retention, pod number per plant, percentage of pod damage, number of seeds, hundred seed weight, weight of healthy seeds and spotted seed weight. Other seven agronomic traits were evaluated such as number of days to flowering, plant height at flowering, number of days to maturity, plant height at maturity, lodging, agronomic value and grain yield. A total of 417 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers, 61 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat), 30 AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) and 8 TRAP (Target Region Amplification Polymorphism) markers were mapped into 20 soybean linkage groups. The total map length was 2,814.82 cM with an average of 5.46 cM between markers. QTL mapping for those traits was performed using univariate (MIM) and multivariate (MT-MIM) multiple interval mapping, with main QTL effects estimates. MIM analysis identified a total of 60 QTL, through 13 soybean linkage groups, with 29 QTL related to stink bug resistant traits and 31 QTL related to agronomic traits. Phenotypic variation explained by QTL ranged from 14.27% for lodging to 65.45% for number of days to maturity. The traits were divided into nine groups for MT-MIM analysis considering their correlation coefficient. Twenty different genomic regions were identified showing a very high QTL clustering. For most of the traits phenotypic variation estimates for MT-MIM models were higher than MIM models, ranging from 27.98% to 65.30% for plant height at flowering and number of days to maturity, respectively. MT-MIM analysis showed 13 genomic regions controlling at least one of the evaluated traits which were not identified at MIM analysis. Comparison between identified QTL and QTL database at Soybase demonstrated that some QTL were similar to those described in different genetic background. However, 56 QTL detected in the present study were described for the first time in literature. Most of the QTL identified explain, individually, less than 10% of phenotypic variation. However, eight genomic regions identified with MT-MIM analysis and eight QTL identified with MIM analysis explain a great amount of phenotypic variation. These QTL should be investigated considering their importance for simultaneous selection for a high genetic gain. Results obtained in the present study provided information for a better understand of genetics architecture underlying quantitative traits studied and the genetic relation among them.
Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics, Jan 22, 2017
OBJECTIVE One of the greatest challenges of pediatric neurosurgery training is balancing the trai... more OBJECTIVE One of the greatest challenges of pediatric neurosurgery training is balancing the training needs of the trainee against patient safety and parental expectation. The traditional "see one, do one, teach one" approach to training is no longer acceptable in pediatric neurosurgery. The authors have developed the baby Modeled Anatomical Replica for Training Young Neurosurgeons (babyMARTYN). The development of this new training model is described, its feasibility as a training tool is tested, and a new approach of integrating simulation into day-to-day training is suggested. METHODS In part 1 (development), a prototype skull was developed using novel model-making methods. In part 2 (validation), 18 trainee neurosurgeons (at various stages in training) performed the following 4 different procedures: 1) evacuation of a posterior fossa hematoma; 2) pterional craniotomy; 3) tapping of the fontanelle to obtain a CSF specimen; and 4) external ventricular drain insertion. Com...
Intra-cortical bone remodelling is a cell-driven process that replaces existing bone tissue with ... more Intra-cortical bone remodelling is a cell-driven process that replaces existing bone tissue with new bone tissue in the bone cortex, leaving behind histological features called secondary osteons. While the scaling of bone dimensions on a macroscopic scale is well known, less is known about how the spatial dimensions of secondary osteons vary in relation to the adult body size of the species. We measured the cross-sectional area of individual intact secondary osteons and their central Haversian canals in transverse sections from 40 stylopodial bones of 39 mammalian species. Scaling analysis of our data shows that mean osteonal resorption area (negative allometry, exponent 0.23, R 2 0.54, p<0.005) and Haversian canal area (negative allometry, exponent 0.34, R 2 0.45, p<0.005) are significantly related to adult body mass, independent of phylogeny. This study is the most comprehensive of its kind to date, and allows us to describe overall trends in the scaling behaviour of seconda...
Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Jan 31, 2017
The normal structure of human feet is optimized for shock dampening during walking and running. F... more The normal structure of human feet is optimized for shock dampening during walking and running. Foot binding was a historical practice in China aimed at restricting the growth of female feet for aesthetic reasons. In a bound foot the shock-dampening function normally facilitated by the foot arches is withdrawn, resulting in the foot functioning as a rigid extension of the lower leg. An interesting question inspiring this study regards the nature of adaptation of the heel bone to this non-physiological function using the parameters of cancellous bone anisotropy and 3D fabric topology using a novel inter-trabecular angle (ITA) analysis. We found that the trabecular microarchitecture only of the normal heel bone, but not of the bound foot, adapts to function by increased anisotropy and preferred orientation of trabeculae. The anisotropic texture in the normal heel bone consistently follows the physiological stress trajectories. Surprisingly however, in the bound foot heel bone the char...
BMJ, 2016
Dear Mr John Hunter, Thank you very much for the thorough history of your patient, who presented ... more Dear Mr John Hunter, Thank you very much for the thorough history of your patient, who presented with a mass in the thigh. We have now had the opportunity to review the case notes and specimens at the Sarcoma Unit at the Royal Marsden Hospital. We apologise for the breach of requirements on waiting times for cancer treatment, but your patient’s presentation in 1786 predated our founding in 1851. #### John Hunter (1728-93) John Hunter was one of the most distinguished surgeons of his day. He worked at St George’s Hospital in his later career and was appointed as surgeon to King George III. He is said to have died after an argument over the admission of medical students. The specimens and notes reviewed in this article are kept within the Hunterian museum at The Royal College of Surgeons. For our records we quote the following extract from your original notes: > “A man came into St George’s Hospital, November 1786, with a hard swelling of the lower part of the thigh. It appeared to be a thickening of the bone. It was increasing very rapidly, and at this time so large as to interfere with the motion of the joint, so as to render the leg useless. The tumour was hard as bone. > > The man had been in perfect health in this part, till about 5 months before, and then began to feel shooting or darting pains in that part of the thigh. The part began evidently to enlarge, although at first very slowly; but in the …
British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2014
The Modelled Anatomical Replica for Training Young Neurosurgeons (MARTYN) is a novel simulation m... more The Modelled Anatomical Replica for Training Young Neurosurgeons (MARTYN) is a novel simulation model developed by the Royal College of Surgeons England (RCSEng). This study describes the development of the model and aims to determine its feasibility as a potential future training tool. Traditional model-making methods were used to develop a prototype. Initial procedural trials tested the feasibility of the model. Eighteen participants, grouped by experience (nine novices, four intermediates and five experienced), completed two tasks: a craniotomy and a burr hole followed by insertion of an external ventricular drain (EVD). Subjective data on confidence, usefulness, realism and preference to other training modalities were collected via a standardised questionnaire and a 5-point Likert scale. Preliminary trials of the model prototype demonstrated feasibility. The novice group had the greatest self-reported benefit from MARTYN training, with significant increases in self-rated confidence in both the craniotomy (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01) and EVD insertion (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) procedures. MARTYN was reported to having good visual and tactile realism overall with the bone component being considered highly realistic. The model was reported to be a useful training tool. When asked to rank preferred training modalities, operative experience was chosen first with cadaveric training and MARTYN consistently scoring a second choice. MARTYN was developed with the intention to fill the current niche for an inexpensive synthetic model head. This study shows that the use of MARTYN for training is both feasible and realistic. We demonstrate a preliminary face and construct validity of the model in this pilot study. With the reduction in working hours, we believe this model will be a suitable supplement to the current ST 1-3 level cadaveric training and will have a positive impact on patient safety.
Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2013
ABSTRACT
Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2011
Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2013
Model-making is nothing new in the medical museum. After all, the great Joseph Towne fashioned do... more Model-making is nothing new in the medical museum. After all, the great Joseph Towne fashioned dozens of superb-quality wax models during his employment at Guy's Hospital in the 19th century. Over 150 years later, the College's Museums department has begun to reintroduce many previously lost skills.
Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2009
Papers on Anthropology, 2013
Although historically, anatomy and pathology collections have played a significant part in medica... more Although historically, anatomy and pathology collections have played a significant part in medical education in the UK, many of these collections have suffered neglect towards the end of the last century. As specimens were used less often for teaching and research, collections declined-and with them their documentation and the requisite preservation skills. Recent interest in objectbased learning and practical teaching sessions has revived the use of pathology and anatomy collections, but there are fewer collections and staff available to facilitate this learning. This paper reports on a project launched by the Museums and Archives department of the Royal College of Surgeons of England which aims to safeguard both anatomy and pathology specimens and the skills required to preserve these. THE PROJECT A three-year conservation initiative was launched by the Museums and Archives Department of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, generously supported by the John Ellerman Foundation and the Board of Trustees of the Hunterian Collection. 'Endangered Specimens, Endangered Skills' is in the process of training two new conservators, preserving 900 specimens from the College's collections and injecting more 'wet' preparation skills into the sector through a bespoke training programme. Those involved in the project's specialist-lead workshops and tutorials are custodians of similar collections, or entrylevel colleagues seeking specific skills in conservation and collections care to ensure their future employability. Training is supported with the opportunity
BioTechniques, 2022
Museum specimens and histologically fixed material are valuable samples for the study of historic... more Museum specimens and histologically fixed material are valuable samples for the study of historical soft tissues and represent a possible pathogen-specific source for retrospective molecular investigations. However, current methods for molecular analysis are inherently destructive, posing a dilemma between performing a study with the available technology, thus damaging the sample, and conserving the material for future investigations. Here the authors present the first tests of a non-destructive alternative that facilitates genetic analysis of fixed wet tissues while avoiding tissue damage. The authors extracted DNA from the fixed tissues as well as their embedding fixative solution, to quantify the DNA that was transferred to the liquid component. The results show that human historical DNA can be retrieved from the fixative material of medical specimens and provide new options for sampling valuable collections.
The segmentations (ImageJ ROIs as zip) and measurements (csv files) of intact secondary osteons, ... more The segmentations (ImageJ ROIs as zip) and measurements (csv files) of intact secondary osteons, Haversian canals and infill areas organised into folders "IntactOsteons", "HaversianCanals", and "InfilledAreas"
QTL identification in soybean related to stink bug resistance and agronomic traits using the mult... more QTL identification in soybean related to stink bug resistance and agronomic traits using the multivariate multiple interval mapping approach Soybean is the Brazilian crop with the most expansion along the past three decades. Currently, it is a commodity commercialized in large scale as grain, bran and oil. Because it is an important source of protein, it plays a fundamental role in the food industry, both human and animal. Soybean monoculture in large areas has increased crop vulnerability to pathogens and insect pests, with significant consequences on grain production. Among such pest insects, stink bugs are considered a major pest of soybean crop, feeding directly on seeds, reducing yield and seed quality. Losses in crop yield due to stink bugs attack are greater than 30% and seed germination compromising can be greater than 50%. This study aimed to identify QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci), for stink bug resistance traits and agronomic traits using the multivariate multiple interval mapping. An F2 mapping population of 228 plants derived from a biparental cross between IAC-100 and CD-215 was used for genotyping. An F2:3 population was developed to evaluate eight stink bug resistant traits such as graining period, leaf retention, pod number per plant, percentage of pod damage, number of seeds, hundred seed weight, weight of healthy seeds and spotted seed weight. Other seven agronomic traits were evaluated such as number of days to flowering, plant height at flowering, number of days to maturity, plant height at maturity, lodging, agronomic value and grain yield. A total of 417 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers, 61 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat), 30 AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) and 8 TRAP (Target Region Amplification Polymorphism) markers were mapped into 20 soybean linkage groups. The total map length was 2,814.82 cM with an average of 5.46 cM between markers. QTL mapping for those traits was performed using univariate (MIM) and multivariate (MT-MIM) multiple interval mapping, with main QTL effects estimates. MIM analysis identified a total of 60 QTL, through 13 soybean linkage groups, with 29 QTL related to stink bug resistant traits and 31 QTL related to agronomic traits. Phenotypic variation explained by QTL ranged from 14.27% for lodging to 65.45% for number of days to maturity. The traits were divided into nine groups for MT-MIM analysis considering their correlation coefficient. Twenty different genomic regions were identified showing a very high QTL clustering. For most of the traits phenotypic variation estimates for MT-MIM models were higher than MIM models, ranging from 27.98% to 65.30% for plant height at flowering and number of days to maturity, respectively. MT-MIM analysis showed 13 genomic regions controlling at least one of the evaluated traits which were not identified at MIM analysis. Comparison between identified QTL and QTL database at Soybase demonstrated that some QTL were similar to those described in different genetic background. However, 56 QTL detected in the present study were described for the first time in literature. Most of the QTL identified explain, individually, less than 10% of phenotypic variation. However, eight genomic regions identified with MT-MIM analysis and eight QTL identified with MIM analysis explain a great amount of phenotypic variation. These QTL should be investigated considering their importance for simultaneous selection for a high genetic gain. Results obtained in the present study provided information for a better understand of genetics architecture underlying quantitative traits studied and the genetic relation among them.
Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics, Jan 22, 2017
OBJECTIVE One of the greatest challenges of pediatric neurosurgery training is balancing the trai... more OBJECTIVE One of the greatest challenges of pediatric neurosurgery training is balancing the training needs of the trainee against patient safety and parental expectation. The traditional "see one, do one, teach one" approach to training is no longer acceptable in pediatric neurosurgery. The authors have developed the baby Modeled Anatomical Replica for Training Young Neurosurgeons (babyMARTYN). The development of this new training model is described, its feasibility as a training tool is tested, and a new approach of integrating simulation into day-to-day training is suggested. METHODS In part 1 (development), a prototype skull was developed using novel model-making methods. In part 2 (validation), 18 trainee neurosurgeons (at various stages in training) performed the following 4 different procedures: 1) evacuation of a posterior fossa hematoma; 2) pterional craniotomy; 3) tapping of the fontanelle to obtain a CSF specimen; and 4) external ventricular drain insertion. Com...
Intra-cortical bone remodelling is a cell-driven process that replaces existing bone tissue with ... more Intra-cortical bone remodelling is a cell-driven process that replaces existing bone tissue with new bone tissue in the bone cortex, leaving behind histological features called secondary osteons. While the scaling of bone dimensions on a macroscopic scale is well known, less is known about how the spatial dimensions of secondary osteons vary in relation to the adult body size of the species. We measured the cross-sectional area of individual intact secondary osteons and their central Haversian canals in transverse sections from 40 stylopodial bones of 39 mammalian species. Scaling analysis of our data shows that mean osteonal resorption area (negative allometry, exponent 0.23, R 2 0.54, p<0.005) and Haversian canal area (negative allometry, exponent 0.34, R 2 0.45, p<0.005) are significantly related to adult body mass, independent of phylogeny. This study is the most comprehensive of its kind to date, and allows us to describe overall trends in the scaling behaviour of seconda...
Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Jan 31, 2017
The normal structure of human feet is optimized for shock dampening during walking and running. F... more The normal structure of human feet is optimized for shock dampening during walking and running. Foot binding was a historical practice in China aimed at restricting the growth of female feet for aesthetic reasons. In a bound foot the shock-dampening function normally facilitated by the foot arches is withdrawn, resulting in the foot functioning as a rigid extension of the lower leg. An interesting question inspiring this study regards the nature of adaptation of the heel bone to this non-physiological function using the parameters of cancellous bone anisotropy and 3D fabric topology using a novel inter-trabecular angle (ITA) analysis. We found that the trabecular microarchitecture only of the normal heel bone, but not of the bound foot, adapts to function by increased anisotropy and preferred orientation of trabeculae. The anisotropic texture in the normal heel bone consistently follows the physiological stress trajectories. Surprisingly however, in the bound foot heel bone the char...
BMJ, 2016
Dear Mr John Hunter, Thank you very much for the thorough history of your patient, who presented ... more Dear Mr John Hunter, Thank you very much for the thorough history of your patient, who presented with a mass in the thigh. We have now had the opportunity to review the case notes and specimens at the Sarcoma Unit at the Royal Marsden Hospital. We apologise for the breach of requirements on waiting times for cancer treatment, but your patient’s presentation in 1786 predated our founding in 1851. #### John Hunter (1728-93) John Hunter was one of the most distinguished surgeons of his day. He worked at St George’s Hospital in his later career and was appointed as surgeon to King George III. He is said to have died after an argument over the admission of medical students. The specimens and notes reviewed in this article are kept within the Hunterian museum at The Royal College of Surgeons. For our records we quote the following extract from your original notes: > “A man came into St George’s Hospital, November 1786, with a hard swelling of the lower part of the thigh. It appeared to be a thickening of the bone. It was increasing very rapidly, and at this time so large as to interfere with the motion of the joint, so as to render the leg useless. The tumour was hard as bone. > > The man had been in perfect health in this part, till about 5 months before, and then began to feel shooting or darting pains in that part of the thigh. The part began evidently to enlarge, although at first very slowly; but in the …
British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2014
The Modelled Anatomical Replica for Training Young Neurosurgeons (MARTYN) is a novel simulation m... more The Modelled Anatomical Replica for Training Young Neurosurgeons (MARTYN) is a novel simulation model developed by the Royal College of Surgeons England (RCSEng). This study describes the development of the model and aims to determine its feasibility as a potential future training tool. Traditional model-making methods were used to develop a prototype. Initial procedural trials tested the feasibility of the model. Eighteen participants, grouped by experience (nine novices, four intermediates and five experienced), completed two tasks: a craniotomy and a burr hole followed by insertion of an external ventricular drain (EVD). Subjective data on confidence, usefulness, realism and preference to other training modalities were collected via a standardised questionnaire and a 5-point Likert scale. Preliminary trials of the model prototype demonstrated feasibility. The novice group had the greatest self-reported benefit from MARTYN training, with significant increases in self-rated confidence in both the craniotomy (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01) and EVD insertion (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) procedures. MARTYN was reported to having good visual and tactile realism overall with the bone component being considered highly realistic. The model was reported to be a useful training tool. When asked to rank preferred training modalities, operative experience was chosen first with cadaveric training and MARTYN consistently scoring a second choice. MARTYN was developed with the intention to fill the current niche for an inexpensive synthetic model head. This study shows that the use of MARTYN for training is both feasible and realistic. We demonstrate a preliminary face and construct validity of the model in this pilot study. With the reduction in working hours, we believe this model will be a suitable supplement to the current ST 1-3 level cadaveric training and will have a positive impact on patient safety.
Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2013
ABSTRACT
Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2011
Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2013
Model-making is nothing new in the medical museum. After all, the great Joseph Towne fashioned do... more Model-making is nothing new in the medical museum. After all, the great Joseph Towne fashioned dozens of superb-quality wax models during his employment at Guy's Hospital in the 19th century. Over 150 years later, the College's Museums department has begun to reintroduce many previously lost skills.
Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2009