Marvalee Wake - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Marvalee Wake
Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn., 1984
Journal of Morphology, Jul 1, 2009
The state of development of advanced embryos of the direct-developing Ecuadorian caecilian Caecil... more The state of development of advanced embryos of the direct-developing Ecuadorian caecilian Caecilia orientalis (Caeciliidae: Gymnophiona: Amphibia) was examined. Because it is established that development is correlated with reproductive modes in a number of features, we included comparison with taxa that represent the major reproductive modes and all of the modern normal tables and ossification sequences. The embryos of C. orientalis most closely resemble those of stage 47/48 Gegeneophis ramaswamii, an Indian caeciliid, and stage 47/48 Hypogeophis rostratus, a Seychellian caeciliid, both direct developers, in details of bone mineralization, chondrocranial degeneration, and vertebrogenesis. They are most like stage 45 H. rostratus in external features (gills, pigmentation, etc.). They are less similar to prehatchings of Ichthyophis kohtaoensis, an ichthyophiid with free-living larvae, and to fetuses of the viviparous caeciliid Dermophis mexicanus and the viviparous typhlonectid Typhlonectes compressicauda at comparable total lengths in both skeletal development and external features. The similarity of developmental features among the direct-developers suggests a correlation with mode of life history. A noteworthy feature is that C. orientalis has an armature of multiple rows of teeth on the lower jaw with tooth crowns that resemble the ''fetal'' teeth of viviparous taxa and that are covered with a layer of oral mucosal epithelium until full development and eruption, but the upper jaw bears a single row of widely spaced, elongate, slightly recurved teeth that resemble those of the adult.
Science (New York, N.Y.), Feb 10, 2017
Conservation of species and ecosystems is increasingly difficult because anthropogenic impacts ar... more Conservation of species and ecosystems is increasingly difficult because anthropogenic impacts are pervasive and accelerating. Under this rapid global change, maximizing conservation success requires a paradigm shift from maintaining ecosystems in idealized past states toward facilitating their adaptive and functional capacities, even as species ebb and flow individually. Developing effective strategies under this new paradigm will require deeper understanding of the long-term dynamics that govern ecosystem persistence and reconciliation of conflicts among approaches to conserving historical versus novel ecosystems. Integrating emerging information from conservation biology, paleobiology, and the Earth sciences is an important step forward on the path to success. Maintaining nature in all its aspects will also entail immediately addressing the overarching threats of growing human population, overconsumption, pollution, and climate change.
Reports of the National Center For Science Education, Oct 31, 2014
eLS, 2001
Many tetrapods (four-legged animals) have lost their limbs during their evolution. They move (loc... more Many tetrapods (four-legged animals) have lost their limbs during their evolution. They move (locomote) by specific patterns of body muscle contraction and relaxation. Keywords: locomotion; undulation; concertina; tetrapods
The Quarterly Review of Biology, 2006
The Quarterly Review of Biology, 2004
Journal of Morphology, 1979
The morphology of tooth crowns is variable inter‐specifically among caecilians. Cusp number and s... more The morphology of tooth crowns is variable inter‐specifically among caecilians. Cusp number and shape, crown dimensions, and crown curvature characterize various species and have both functional and phylogenetic implications. Ichthyophis, Uraeotyphlus, Hypogeophis, and Geotrypetes have bicuspid teeth; Dermophis, Gymnopis, Caecilia, and Typhlonectes monocuspid. Crown morphology as revealed by scanning electron microscopy is associated with prey grasping and, in one case, possible specialization of prey type.
Journal of Morphology, 1994
The morphology of mature sperm from the testes of 22 genera and 29 species representing all five ... more The morphology of mature sperm from the testes of 22 genera and 29 species representing all five families of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) was examined at the light microscope level in order to: (1) determine the effectiveness of silver‐staining techniques on long‐preserved, rare material, (2) assess the comparative morphology of sperm quantitatively, (3) compare patterns of caecilian sperm morphology with that of other amphibians, and (4) determine if sperm morphology presents any characters useful for systematic analysis. Although patterns of sperm morphology are quite consistent intragenerically and intrafamilially, there are inconsistencies as well. Two major types of sperm occur among caecilians: those with very long heads and pointed acrosomes, and those with shorter, wider heads and blunt acrosomes. Several taxa have sperm with undulating membranes on the flagella, but limitations of the technique likely prevented full determination of tail morphology among all taxa. Clu...
Copeia, 2000
Introduction: B.K. Hall and M.H. Wake, Larval Development, Evolution and Ecology. Larval Types an... more Introduction: B.K. Hall and M.H. Wake, Larval Development, Evolution and Ecology. Larval Types and Larval Evolution: C. Hickman, Larvae in Invertebrate Development and Evolution. J. Hanken, Larvae in Amphibian Development and Evolution. J.F. Webb, Fish Larvae in Development and Evolution. Mechanisms of Larval Development and Evolution: M.W. Hart and G.A. Wray, Heterochrony. C. Rose, Hormonal Control of Larval Development and Evolution--Amphibians. H.F. Nijhout, Hormonal Control of Larval Development and Evolution--Insects. R.A. Raff, Cell Lineages in Larval Development and Evolution of Echinoderms. L. Nagy and M. Grbic, Cell Lineages in Larval Development and Evolution of Insects. Larval Functional Morphology, Physiology and Ecology: L. Sanderson and S. Kupferberg, Development and Evolution of Aquatic Larval Feeding Mechanisms. E. Greene, Phenotypic Variation in Larval Development and Evolution: Polymorphism, Polyphenism and Developmental Reaction Norms. Epilogue: M.H. Wake and B.K. Hall, Epilogue: Prospects for Research on the Origin and Evolution of Larval Forms. Subject Index.
Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn., 1984
Journal of Morphology, Jul 1, 2009
The state of development of advanced embryos of the direct-developing Ecuadorian caecilian Caecil... more The state of development of advanced embryos of the direct-developing Ecuadorian caecilian Caecilia orientalis (Caeciliidae: Gymnophiona: Amphibia) was examined. Because it is established that development is correlated with reproductive modes in a number of features, we included comparison with taxa that represent the major reproductive modes and all of the modern normal tables and ossification sequences. The embryos of C. orientalis most closely resemble those of stage 47/48 Gegeneophis ramaswamii, an Indian caeciliid, and stage 47/48 Hypogeophis rostratus, a Seychellian caeciliid, both direct developers, in details of bone mineralization, chondrocranial degeneration, and vertebrogenesis. They are most like stage 45 H. rostratus in external features (gills, pigmentation, etc.). They are less similar to prehatchings of Ichthyophis kohtaoensis, an ichthyophiid with free-living larvae, and to fetuses of the viviparous caeciliid Dermophis mexicanus and the viviparous typhlonectid Typhlonectes compressicauda at comparable total lengths in both skeletal development and external features. The similarity of developmental features among the direct-developers suggests a correlation with mode of life history. A noteworthy feature is that C. orientalis has an armature of multiple rows of teeth on the lower jaw with tooth crowns that resemble the ''fetal'' teeth of viviparous taxa and that are covered with a layer of oral mucosal epithelium until full development and eruption, but the upper jaw bears a single row of widely spaced, elongate, slightly recurved teeth that resemble those of the adult.
Science (New York, N.Y.), Feb 10, 2017
Conservation of species and ecosystems is increasingly difficult because anthropogenic impacts ar... more Conservation of species and ecosystems is increasingly difficult because anthropogenic impacts are pervasive and accelerating. Under this rapid global change, maximizing conservation success requires a paradigm shift from maintaining ecosystems in idealized past states toward facilitating their adaptive and functional capacities, even as species ebb and flow individually. Developing effective strategies under this new paradigm will require deeper understanding of the long-term dynamics that govern ecosystem persistence and reconciliation of conflicts among approaches to conserving historical versus novel ecosystems. Integrating emerging information from conservation biology, paleobiology, and the Earth sciences is an important step forward on the path to success. Maintaining nature in all its aspects will also entail immediately addressing the overarching threats of growing human population, overconsumption, pollution, and climate change.
Reports of the National Center For Science Education, Oct 31, 2014
eLS, 2001
Many tetrapods (four-legged animals) have lost their limbs during their evolution. They move (loc... more Many tetrapods (four-legged animals) have lost their limbs during their evolution. They move (locomote) by specific patterns of body muscle contraction and relaxation. Keywords: locomotion; undulation; concertina; tetrapods
The Quarterly Review of Biology, 2006
The Quarterly Review of Biology, 2004
Journal of Morphology, 1979
The morphology of tooth crowns is variable inter‐specifically among caecilians. Cusp number and s... more The morphology of tooth crowns is variable inter‐specifically among caecilians. Cusp number and shape, crown dimensions, and crown curvature characterize various species and have both functional and phylogenetic implications. Ichthyophis, Uraeotyphlus, Hypogeophis, and Geotrypetes have bicuspid teeth; Dermophis, Gymnopis, Caecilia, and Typhlonectes monocuspid. Crown morphology as revealed by scanning electron microscopy is associated with prey grasping and, in one case, possible specialization of prey type.
Journal of Morphology, 1994
The morphology of mature sperm from the testes of 22 genera and 29 species representing all five ... more The morphology of mature sperm from the testes of 22 genera and 29 species representing all five families of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) was examined at the light microscope level in order to: (1) determine the effectiveness of silver‐staining techniques on long‐preserved, rare material, (2) assess the comparative morphology of sperm quantitatively, (3) compare patterns of caecilian sperm morphology with that of other amphibians, and (4) determine if sperm morphology presents any characters useful for systematic analysis. Although patterns of sperm morphology are quite consistent intragenerically and intrafamilially, there are inconsistencies as well. Two major types of sperm occur among caecilians: those with very long heads and pointed acrosomes, and those with shorter, wider heads and blunt acrosomes. Several taxa have sperm with undulating membranes on the flagella, but limitations of the technique likely prevented full determination of tail morphology among all taxa. Clu...
Copeia, 2000
Introduction: B.K. Hall and M.H. Wake, Larval Development, Evolution and Ecology. Larval Types an... more Introduction: B.K. Hall and M.H. Wake, Larval Development, Evolution and Ecology. Larval Types and Larval Evolution: C. Hickman, Larvae in Invertebrate Development and Evolution. J. Hanken, Larvae in Amphibian Development and Evolution. J.F. Webb, Fish Larvae in Development and Evolution. Mechanisms of Larval Development and Evolution: M.W. Hart and G.A. Wray, Heterochrony. C. Rose, Hormonal Control of Larval Development and Evolution--Amphibians. H.F. Nijhout, Hormonal Control of Larval Development and Evolution--Insects. R.A. Raff, Cell Lineages in Larval Development and Evolution of Echinoderms. L. Nagy and M. Grbic, Cell Lineages in Larval Development and Evolution of Insects. Larval Functional Morphology, Physiology and Ecology: L. Sanderson and S. Kupferberg, Development and Evolution of Aquatic Larval Feeding Mechanisms. E. Greene, Phenotypic Variation in Larval Development and Evolution: Polymorphism, Polyphenism and Developmental Reaction Norms. Epilogue: M.H. Wake and B.K. Hall, Epilogue: Prospects for Research on the Origin and Evolution of Larval Forms. Subject Index.