Muhammad Marwat - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhammad Marwat

Brazilian Journal of Biology

Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a vital element in the etiology of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. ... more Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a vital element in the etiology of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. This research aimed to determine the frequency, distribution, and determinants of HP infection in adults and adolescents with gastric symptoms in district Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was performed from June 2018 to June 2020 at the Medical Laboratory Technology Department, The University of Haripur, Pakistan. Presence of HP was a research variable, while sex, age groups, education status, overcrowding, dining habits, milk intake, drinking water source and animal contact were grouping variables. Immuno-chromatographic technique (ICT) was used to for serological detection of HP antibodies. All variables were represented by frequency and percentage with 95%CI. Prevalence of HP and its distribution by eight socio-demographic variables was testified by the chi-square goodness-of-fit test while association was testified by chi-square test of association. O...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Left ventricular (LV) thrombus formation is a well-known complication of ST segment e... more Background: Left ventricular (LV) thrombus formation is a well-known complication of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI). In acute MI extensive area of severe apical wall motion abnormality (WMA) with stagnant flow is responsible for thrombus formation. Aim of our study is to determine the frequency of mural left ventricular thrombus in the acute STEMI on echocardiography. Material & Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in Cardiology Department of District Headquarter Teaching Hospital D.I.Khan from October 2012 to April 2013. Total 119 patients with acute STEMI patients were included, while patients with technically difficult windows and with previous MI were excluded from the study. Patients presenting with typical chest pain lasting for more than 30 minutes with typical evolutionary ECG changes of acute STEMI were studied. In addition to Troponin T , rise in CK.MB level were considered as diagnostic of acute MI. Detail history and clinical exa...

Gomal journal of Medical Sciences, 2013

The history of lice infestation in the human population is as long as 10,000 years. It has three ... more The history of lice infestation in the human population is as long as 10,000 years. It has three major types: the one infesting body, head and pubic/ axillary area. The occurrence for pubic lice (Pthirus pubis) is much less than for head and body one. It is commonly known as crab louse or crab. Pubic lice are khown to involve two to over 10 percent of human population globally. Typically, they infest the hair of the pubic and perianal regions but they rarely involve other areas such as hair of the beard, moustache, eyelashes (pediculosis palpaberarum), armpits, and sometimes the chest and abdomen. They are haematophagous (feeds on blood), and strictly host specific to humans. Its life span is less than a month. An adult female louse lay about 30 eggs, upto 3/day. The egg is attached to the shaft of a coarse hair and with the skin temperature these hatch in 6-8 days. If the lice are forced off the human host, they will die within 24-48 hours. The picture shows a louse on left, before...

Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) gives information about the relative weight for a given height ... more Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) gives information about the relative weight for a given height based upon age and sex. The objective of this study was to assess BMI among medical students and to determine the related risk factors including diet and lifestyle. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from March 15, 2015 to May 15, 2015. A sample of 100 subjects was selected by consecutive technique. Study instrument was a questionnaire. The demographic variables were gender, age groups, dietary habits and stress effect on diet whereas research variable was BMI. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis plan. Results: Out of 100 subjects, 69(69%) were in normal range, 22(22%) were overweight and 3(3%) obese and 6(6%) were underweight. Males were 50(50%) and females 50(50%). Sixty four(64%) males were normal, 32(32%) were overweight, 4(4%)...

Gomal journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Femoral anteversion is one of the most important parameter of femur anatomy and geome... more Background: Femoral anteversion is one of the most important parameter of femur anatomy and geometry having important clinical implications. The objective of this study was to determine the side wise variation in femoral neck anteversion angle in adult dry femora of a local Pakistani population. Material & Methods: We studied 211 dry adult femora, free of disease, by Kingsley Olmsted method to determine femoral anteversion angle. The angle of femoral neck anteversion was determined by measuring the angle between the long axis of the neck of femur in horizontal plane and the transverse retrocondylar line taken as the plane of the axis of shaft of femur in coronal plane. Results: Out of 211 femora, right and left side distribution was 103 (48.8%) and 108 (51.2%) respectively. The mean femoral neck anteversion angle in degrees for right femur was 8.4° ± 8.9° (-19 to 27) with a range 46.0 and for left femur it was 7.8° ± 10.5° (-27 to 35) with a range of 62. The difference between the t...

Objective: To determine causes, types, laterality, male and 76 (36%) female. Mean age of the need... more Objective: To determine causes, types, laterality, male and 76 (36%) female. Mean age of the need for hospital admission and and success rate patients was 38.30±23.69 years. Trauma was the of treatment modalities of epistaxis. commonest (46.9%) cause followed by Methodology: This study was conducted at hypertension (26.9%). Anterior epistaxis was

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common cause of congenital neck swelling. The recu... more Background: Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common cause of congenital neck swelling. The recurrence rate of thyroglossal duct cysts removed by Sistrunk or other procedures is 4% and 50% respectively. The objectives of this study were to determine the gender & age distribution, laterality & location of thyroglossal duct cysts and outcome of Sistrunk Operation in the management of thyroglossal duct cysts in terms of recurrence. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2009 to July 2012 at Departments of ENT, KGNawaz Hospital, Bannu and MMM Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan. All confirmed cases of thyroglossal duct cysts were included in the study. Sistrunk operation was done in all patients. Variables were gender, age, laterality and location of the cysts and recurrence of the disease. Follow up was for 6 months to see for any recurrence. Statistical analysis was done giving frequency and percentage. Results: Out of 25 patients of thyroglossal duc...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

This is a pictorial history of a 55 years old man, having trauma with a thorn of date palm tree t... more This is a pictorial history of a 55 years old man, having trauma with a thorn of date palm tree two days back. He presented with self sealed corneal perforation, large perforation of the anterior lens capsule with lens matter coming out of it, cataract, hypopyon (pus in the anterior chamber) and corneal edema (haze) & was diagnosed as infective endophthalmitis (Fig. 1 & 2). With prompt topical antibiotic & steroid therapy (moxifloxacin & tobramycin two hourly alternate & dexamethasone one hourly), the hypopyon was disappeared within two days (Fig.3) & corneal edema within five days (Fig. 4). Later on, he will undergo cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. (Images by Video Slit Lamp Microscope (HS-5000, Huvitz Co., Seoul, South Korea).

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019

Background: Global Health Estimates 2015 has shown IHD as second leading global cause of death an... more Background: Global Health Estimates 2015 has shown IHD as second leading global cause of death and 3rd leading global cause for DALYs for 2015. The objectives of this study were to determine frequency, distribution and determinants of DM in adult acute coronary syndrome (ACS) population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Departments of Ophthalmology & Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, from February 1, 2017 to April 30, 2017. 331 cases were selected with margin of error 4.511%, 90%CL and 25% prevalence of DM in 73,438 adults assumed to have IHD. All indoor adult patients of ACS were eligible. Sex, age groups, and residence and presence of DM were variables. Frequency and distribution were analyzed by count and percentage. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 331 patients with ACS, 225 (68.0%) wer...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019

Background: Pediatric cataracts cause significant visual disability worldwide. The objectives of ... more Background: Pediatric cataracts cause significant visual disability worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of pediatric cataracts by sex, age groups, laterality, type and presentation in population of D.I.Khan District, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at Department of Ophthalmology, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from January 2015 to December 2015. Sample was collected from Eye unit, DHQ Teaching Hospital, D.I.Khan. Pediatric cataract patients under 14 years of age were included in the study. Demographic variables were sex and age groups. Research variables were laterality, type and presentation. All variables being nominal were analyzed through frequency and percentages. The observed and expected distribution of pediatric cataract by sex, age groups, laterality, type and presentation were respectively tested by chi-square goodness of fit test. Results: Out of a sample of 47 patients, 29 (61.7%) wer...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: A research design is a framework or guiding plan to approach the research subject, da... more Background: A research design is a framework or guiding plan to approach the research subject, data collection, data analysis and study the research problem. Choosing an appropriate study design is a crucial step ahead of researcher. Every Research study design has inherent strengths & weaknesses. It is the situation & the objectives that determine the suitability of a Research study design for a study and not the absolute superiority of one above the other. This study was conducted with the objective to review the strengths, and limitations of research designs and methods of different study designs. Discussion: Strict adherence to research design can provide high-class evidence for rational clinical decision-making.3 Conclusion: Different research designs have their own inherent strengths & weaknesses. Before employing a study, careful thought must be given to an understanding of the scientific principles & the appropriateness of the proposed study design, operational feasibility, ...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Hypospadias is the most common congenital malformation of the urethra with the preval... more Background: Hypospadias is the most common congenital malformation of the urethra with the prevalence of 1 in 200-300 live male births. The objective of this trial was to compare the frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula between Snodgrass and two staged Aivar Bracka repair of distal penile hypospadias in male children. Material & Methods: This RCT was conducted in Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st June 2013 to 31st May 2014. 64 male patients were randomly allocated to two surgical procedures, 32 to experimental (Snodgrass) group and 32 to control (two stage Aivar Bracka) group. Age in years, age groups and presence of urethrocutaneous fistula were variables. Age in years was analyzed by mean, SD and range and other variables by count and percentage. McNemar chi-square test was applied to see the significance of difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula ...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection and Hepatitis C virus infections are major health problem... more Background: Hepatitis B virus infection and Hepatitis C virus infections are major health problems all over the world. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and identify risk factors of HBV and HCV in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Material and Methods: This Descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, District Head Quarter Teaching Hospital, Gomal Medical College, D.I. Khan, Pakistan, from January 2010 to June 2012. A sample of 330 patients was selected using purposive non-probability sampling technique. Screening for HBV and HCV was done with ICT method. All positive patients were confirmed by ELISA test. Descriptive statistics were applied as number & frequency. Results: The mean age of the sample was 63.7 with SD 5.83 (45-80) years. Out of 330 patients, 165 (50%) were males and 165 (50%) females. Thirteen patients (3.93%) were HBV positive and 32 (9.69%) were HCV positive. Out of 13 HBV positive cases, 8 (61.64%) were males and ...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Disturbance of calcium hemostasis is common in patients of ß-thalassemia major. The o... more Background: Disturbance of calcium hemostasis is common in patients of ß-thalassemia major. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency, distribution and presentation of hypocalcemia in ß-thalassemia major children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Fatimid Foundation Peshawar, Pakistan from to June 2015 to August 2015. 100 patients of ß-thalassemia major, aged 5-20 years were enrolled. After history and examination, serum calcium levels were determined through semi-automated analyzer Microlab 200. Those having levels less than 8.6 mg/dl were labelled as hypocalcemics. Sex, hypocalcemia in ß-thalassemia major, symptomatic hypocalcemia, presence of paresthesias & numbness, myalgias, hyperpigmentation and carpopedal spasm were variables. Frequency and percentage were calculated for all variables. Observed to expected frequencies of all variables were analyzed by chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Results: The frequency of hypocalcemia in...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015

A 50 years old man presented with visual impairment two months after undergoing extracapsular cat... more A 50 years old man presented with visual impairment two months after undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction with intra-ocular lens (IOL) implantation. The IOL is displaced to the anterior chamber superiorly. The iris is seen abnormally adherent to the leftover posterior capsule, restricting space in the posterior chamber and thus pushing IOL forwards into the anterior chamber. It is not uncommon to see posterior synechiae (adhesion of iris to the anterior surface of crystalline lens) in cases of acute anterior uveitis. But in the figure above, the human lens has been replaced by IOL and here iris is adhered not to the anterior surface of human lens but to the leftover posterior capsule of the human lens. It may be due to severe post cataract-surgery inflammation of the iris and ciliary body.

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2012

Background: Peritonsillar abscess is one of the commonest and serious emergencies in the head and... more Background: Peritonsillar abscess is one of the commonest and serious emergencies in the head and neck region, requiring urgent surgical intervention. This study was designed to compare the outcome of incision & drainage versus needle aspiration for peritonsillar abscess in terms of hospital stay, postoperative pain and recurrence. Material & Methods: This comparative study was conducted at Departments of ENT, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital and DHQ Teaching Hospital, D.I. Khan from January 2010 to December 2012. Adult subject of both sexes (age >15 years) with Peritonsillar abscess were included. Subjects aged Results: The study included 40 male and 16 females. Mean age of the subjects was 29.07+9.05 years (range 16-50 years) in group 1 and 32.32+8.83 years (range 18-50 years) in group 2 with insignificant statistical difference (p= 0.179). Mean hospital stay was 2.29 (1.05) days (range 1-5 days) in group 1 and 3.43 (1.43) days (range 1-5 days) in group 2 with a signifi...

Background: Narrow-complex tachycardia is a common arrhythmia. The objective of this study was to... more Background: Narrow-complex tachycardia is a common arrhythmia. The objective of this study was to determine the success frequency of radiofrequency ablation in patients with narrow complex tachycardia. Material & Methods: This cross sectional study conducted in Department of Cardiology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from January 2008 to January 2009. All patients with narrow complex tachycardia were included. Radiofrequency catheter ablation procedure was carried. The procedure was considered successful when post ablation tachycardia could not be induced within two minutes of isoprenaline 2µg/ minute with infusion pump. The demographic variables were gender, age in years, age grouping and the research variables were type of narrow complex tachycardia, success and complications of procedure. The data was analyzed for fequeccy (number) and relative frequency (%). Results: Out of 50 patients 24 (48%) were male and 26 (52%) wer female. The mean age of patients was 39.72 ±13.31(13-70) ...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013

Background: Tonsillectomy is the commonest ENT surgical procedure. The common postoperative morbi... more Background: Tonsillectomy is the commonest ENT surgical procedure. The common postoperative morbidities associated with tonsillectomy are nausea, vomiting, pain and bleeding. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of single intra-operative intravenous dose of dexamethasone versus control group on frequency of post tonsillectomy nausea and vomiting and need for rescue anti-emetics in the first 24 hours. Material and Methods: This comparative study was conducted at Department of ENT, DHQ Hospital, Lakki Marwat from January 2009 to June 2010. Patients of both gender aged 6-30 years were listed for elective tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. Patients with history of acute tonsillitis within six weeks, bleeding diathesis, or those with a known contraindication to steroids, were excluded. Patients were divided into group 1 (treatment) and 2 (control) of 50 each on alternate basis. A single dose of dexamethasone was given to patients of group 1 intra-operatively, whereas ...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Femoral anteversion is one of the most important parameter of femur anatomy and geome... more Background: Femoral anteversion is one of the most important parameter of femur anatomy and geometry having important clinical implications. The objective of this study was to determine the side wise variation in femoral neck anteversion angle in adult dry femora of a local Pakistani population. Material & Methods: We studied 211 dry adult femora, free of disease, by Kingsley Olmsted method to determine femoral anteversion angle. The angle of femoral neck anteversion was determined by measuring the angle between the long axis of the neck of femur in horizontal plane and the transverse retrocondylar line taken as the plane of the axis of shaft of femur in coronal plane. Results: Out of 211 femora, right and left side distribution was 103 (48.8%) and 108 (51.2%) respectively. The mean femoral neck anteversion angle in degrees for right femur was 8.4° ± 8.9° (-19 to 27) with a range 46.0 and for left femur it was 7.8° ± 10.5° (-27 to 35) with a range of 62. The difference between the t...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013

Brazilian Journal of Biology

Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a vital element in the etiology of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. ... more Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a vital element in the etiology of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. This research aimed to determine the frequency, distribution, and determinants of HP infection in adults and adolescents with gastric symptoms in district Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was performed from June 2018 to June 2020 at the Medical Laboratory Technology Department, The University of Haripur, Pakistan. Presence of HP was a research variable, while sex, age groups, education status, overcrowding, dining habits, milk intake, drinking water source and animal contact were grouping variables. Immuno-chromatographic technique (ICT) was used to for serological detection of HP antibodies. All variables were represented by frequency and percentage with 95%CI. Prevalence of HP and its distribution by eight socio-demographic variables was testified by the chi-square goodness-of-fit test while association was testified by chi-square test of association. O...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Left ventricular (LV) thrombus formation is a well-known complication of ST segment e... more Background: Left ventricular (LV) thrombus formation is a well-known complication of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI). In acute MI extensive area of severe apical wall motion abnormality (WMA) with stagnant flow is responsible for thrombus formation. Aim of our study is to determine the frequency of mural left ventricular thrombus in the acute STEMI on echocardiography. Material & Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in Cardiology Department of District Headquarter Teaching Hospital D.I.Khan from October 2012 to April 2013. Total 119 patients with acute STEMI patients were included, while patients with technically difficult windows and with previous MI were excluded from the study. Patients presenting with typical chest pain lasting for more than 30 minutes with typical evolutionary ECG changes of acute STEMI were studied. In addition to Troponin T , rise in CK.MB level were considered as diagnostic of acute MI. Detail history and clinical exa...

Gomal journal of Medical Sciences, 2013

The history of lice infestation in the human population is as long as 10,000 years. It has three ... more The history of lice infestation in the human population is as long as 10,000 years. It has three major types: the one infesting body, head and pubic/ axillary area. The occurrence for pubic lice (Pthirus pubis) is much less than for head and body one. It is commonly known as crab louse or crab. Pubic lice are khown to involve two to over 10 percent of human population globally. Typically, they infest the hair of the pubic and perianal regions but they rarely involve other areas such as hair of the beard, moustache, eyelashes (pediculosis palpaberarum), armpits, and sometimes the chest and abdomen. They are haematophagous (feeds on blood), and strictly host specific to humans. Its life span is less than a month. An adult female louse lay about 30 eggs, upto 3/day. The egg is attached to the shaft of a coarse hair and with the skin temperature these hatch in 6-8 days. If the lice are forced off the human host, they will die within 24-48 hours. The picture shows a louse on left, before...

Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) gives information about the relative weight for a given height ... more Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) gives information about the relative weight for a given height based upon age and sex. The objective of this study was to assess BMI among medical students and to determine the related risk factors including diet and lifestyle. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from March 15, 2015 to May 15, 2015. A sample of 100 subjects was selected by consecutive technique. Study instrument was a questionnaire. The demographic variables were gender, age groups, dietary habits and stress effect on diet whereas research variable was BMI. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis plan. Results: Out of 100 subjects, 69(69%) were in normal range, 22(22%) were overweight and 3(3%) obese and 6(6%) were underweight. Males were 50(50%) and females 50(50%). Sixty four(64%) males were normal, 32(32%) were overweight, 4(4%)...

Gomal journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Femoral anteversion is one of the most important parameter of femur anatomy and geome... more Background: Femoral anteversion is one of the most important parameter of femur anatomy and geometry having important clinical implications. The objective of this study was to determine the side wise variation in femoral neck anteversion angle in adult dry femora of a local Pakistani population. Material & Methods: We studied 211 dry adult femora, free of disease, by Kingsley Olmsted method to determine femoral anteversion angle. The angle of femoral neck anteversion was determined by measuring the angle between the long axis of the neck of femur in horizontal plane and the transverse retrocondylar line taken as the plane of the axis of shaft of femur in coronal plane. Results: Out of 211 femora, right and left side distribution was 103 (48.8%) and 108 (51.2%) respectively. The mean femoral neck anteversion angle in degrees for right femur was 8.4° ± 8.9° (-19 to 27) with a range 46.0 and for left femur it was 7.8° ± 10.5° (-27 to 35) with a range of 62. The difference between the t...

Objective: To determine causes, types, laterality, male and 76 (36%) female. Mean age of the need... more Objective: To determine causes, types, laterality, male and 76 (36%) female. Mean age of the need for hospital admission and and success rate patients was 38.30±23.69 years. Trauma was the of treatment modalities of epistaxis. commonest (46.9%) cause followed by Methodology: This study was conducted at hypertension (26.9%). Anterior epistaxis was

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common cause of congenital neck swelling. The recu... more Background: Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common cause of congenital neck swelling. The recurrence rate of thyroglossal duct cysts removed by Sistrunk or other procedures is 4% and 50% respectively. The objectives of this study were to determine the gender & age distribution, laterality & location of thyroglossal duct cysts and outcome of Sistrunk Operation in the management of thyroglossal duct cysts in terms of recurrence. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2009 to July 2012 at Departments of ENT, KGNawaz Hospital, Bannu and MMM Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan. All confirmed cases of thyroglossal duct cysts were included in the study. Sistrunk operation was done in all patients. Variables were gender, age, laterality and location of the cysts and recurrence of the disease. Follow up was for 6 months to see for any recurrence. Statistical analysis was done giving frequency and percentage. Results: Out of 25 patients of thyroglossal duc...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

This is a pictorial history of a 55 years old man, having trauma with a thorn of date palm tree t... more This is a pictorial history of a 55 years old man, having trauma with a thorn of date palm tree two days back. He presented with self sealed corneal perforation, large perforation of the anterior lens capsule with lens matter coming out of it, cataract, hypopyon (pus in the anterior chamber) and corneal edema (haze) & was diagnosed as infective endophthalmitis (Fig. 1 & 2). With prompt topical antibiotic & steroid therapy (moxifloxacin & tobramycin two hourly alternate & dexamethasone one hourly), the hypopyon was disappeared within two days (Fig.3) & corneal edema within five days (Fig. 4). Later on, he will undergo cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. (Images by Video Slit Lamp Microscope (HS-5000, Huvitz Co., Seoul, South Korea).

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019

Background: Global Health Estimates 2015 has shown IHD as second leading global cause of death an... more Background: Global Health Estimates 2015 has shown IHD as second leading global cause of death and 3rd leading global cause for DALYs for 2015. The objectives of this study were to determine frequency, distribution and determinants of DM in adult acute coronary syndrome (ACS) population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Departments of Ophthalmology & Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, from February 1, 2017 to April 30, 2017. 331 cases were selected with margin of error 4.511%, 90%CL and 25% prevalence of DM in 73,438 adults assumed to have IHD. All indoor adult patients of ACS were eligible. Sex, age groups, and residence and presence of DM were variables. Frequency and distribution were analyzed by count and percentage. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 331 patients with ACS, 225 (68.0%) wer...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019

Background: Pediatric cataracts cause significant visual disability worldwide. The objectives of ... more Background: Pediatric cataracts cause significant visual disability worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of pediatric cataracts by sex, age groups, laterality, type and presentation in population of D.I.Khan District, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at Department of Ophthalmology, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from January 2015 to December 2015. Sample was collected from Eye unit, DHQ Teaching Hospital, D.I.Khan. Pediatric cataract patients under 14 years of age were included in the study. Demographic variables were sex and age groups. Research variables were laterality, type and presentation. All variables being nominal were analyzed through frequency and percentages. The observed and expected distribution of pediatric cataract by sex, age groups, laterality, type and presentation were respectively tested by chi-square goodness of fit test. Results: Out of a sample of 47 patients, 29 (61.7%) wer...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: A research design is a framework or guiding plan to approach the research subject, da... more Background: A research design is a framework or guiding plan to approach the research subject, data collection, data analysis and study the research problem. Choosing an appropriate study design is a crucial step ahead of researcher. Every Research study design has inherent strengths & weaknesses. It is the situation & the objectives that determine the suitability of a Research study design for a study and not the absolute superiority of one above the other. This study was conducted with the objective to review the strengths, and limitations of research designs and methods of different study designs. Discussion: Strict adherence to research design can provide high-class evidence for rational clinical decision-making.3 Conclusion: Different research designs have their own inherent strengths & weaknesses. Before employing a study, careful thought must be given to an understanding of the scientific principles & the appropriateness of the proposed study design, operational feasibility, ...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Hypospadias is the most common congenital malformation of the urethra with the preval... more Background: Hypospadias is the most common congenital malformation of the urethra with the prevalence of 1 in 200-300 live male births. The objective of this trial was to compare the frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula between Snodgrass and two staged Aivar Bracka repair of distal penile hypospadias in male children. Material & Methods: This RCT was conducted in Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st June 2013 to 31st May 2014. 64 male patients were randomly allocated to two surgical procedures, 32 to experimental (Snodgrass) group and 32 to control (two stage Aivar Bracka) group. Age in years, age groups and presence of urethrocutaneous fistula were variables. Age in years was analyzed by mean, SD and range and other variables by count and percentage. McNemar chi-square test was applied to see the significance of difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula ...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection and Hepatitis C virus infections are major health problem... more Background: Hepatitis B virus infection and Hepatitis C virus infections are major health problems all over the world. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and identify risk factors of HBV and HCV in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Material and Methods: This Descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, District Head Quarter Teaching Hospital, Gomal Medical College, D.I. Khan, Pakistan, from January 2010 to June 2012. A sample of 330 patients was selected using purposive non-probability sampling technique. Screening for HBV and HCV was done with ICT method. All positive patients were confirmed by ELISA test. Descriptive statistics were applied as number & frequency. Results: The mean age of the sample was 63.7 with SD 5.83 (45-80) years. Out of 330 patients, 165 (50%) were males and 165 (50%) females. Thirteen patients (3.93%) were HBV positive and 32 (9.69%) were HCV positive. Out of 13 HBV positive cases, 8 (61.64%) were males and ...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Disturbance of calcium hemostasis is common in patients of ß-thalassemia major. The o... more Background: Disturbance of calcium hemostasis is common in patients of ß-thalassemia major. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency, distribution and presentation of hypocalcemia in ß-thalassemia major children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Fatimid Foundation Peshawar, Pakistan from to June 2015 to August 2015. 100 patients of ß-thalassemia major, aged 5-20 years were enrolled. After history and examination, serum calcium levels were determined through semi-automated analyzer Microlab 200. Those having levels less than 8.6 mg/dl were labelled as hypocalcemics. Sex, hypocalcemia in ß-thalassemia major, symptomatic hypocalcemia, presence of paresthesias & numbness, myalgias, hyperpigmentation and carpopedal spasm were variables. Frequency and percentage were calculated for all variables. Observed to expected frequencies of all variables were analyzed by chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Results: The frequency of hypocalcemia in...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015

A 50 years old man presented with visual impairment two months after undergoing extracapsular cat... more A 50 years old man presented with visual impairment two months after undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction with intra-ocular lens (IOL) implantation. The IOL is displaced to the anterior chamber superiorly. The iris is seen abnormally adherent to the leftover posterior capsule, restricting space in the posterior chamber and thus pushing IOL forwards into the anterior chamber. It is not uncommon to see posterior synechiae (adhesion of iris to the anterior surface of crystalline lens) in cases of acute anterior uveitis. But in the figure above, the human lens has been replaced by IOL and here iris is adhered not to the anterior surface of human lens but to the leftover posterior capsule of the human lens. It may be due to severe post cataract-surgery inflammation of the iris and ciliary body.

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2012

Background: Peritonsillar abscess is one of the commonest and serious emergencies in the head and... more Background: Peritonsillar abscess is one of the commonest and serious emergencies in the head and neck region, requiring urgent surgical intervention. This study was designed to compare the outcome of incision & drainage versus needle aspiration for peritonsillar abscess in terms of hospital stay, postoperative pain and recurrence. Material & Methods: This comparative study was conducted at Departments of ENT, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital and DHQ Teaching Hospital, D.I. Khan from January 2010 to December 2012. Adult subject of both sexes (age >15 years) with Peritonsillar abscess were included. Subjects aged Results: The study included 40 male and 16 females. Mean age of the subjects was 29.07+9.05 years (range 16-50 years) in group 1 and 32.32+8.83 years (range 18-50 years) in group 2 with insignificant statistical difference (p= 0.179). Mean hospital stay was 2.29 (1.05) days (range 1-5 days) in group 1 and 3.43 (1.43) days (range 1-5 days) in group 2 with a signifi...

Background: Narrow-complex tachycardia is a common arrhythmia. The objective of this study was to... more Background: Narrow-complex tachycardia is a common arrhythmia. The objective of this study was to determine the success frequency of radiofrequency ablation in patients with narrow complex tachycardia. Material & Methods: This cross sectional study conducted in Department of Cardiology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from January 2008 to January 2009. All patients with narrow complex tachycardia were included. Radiofrequency catheter ablation procedure was carried. The procedure was considered successful when post ablation tachycardia could not be induced within two minutes of isoprenaline 2µg/ minute with infusion pump. The demographic variables were gender, age in years, age grouping and the research variables were type of narrow complex tachycardia, success and complications of procedure. The data was analyzed for fequeccy (number) and relative frequency (%). Results: Out of 50 patients 24 (48%) were male and 26 (52%) wer female. The mean age of patients was 39.72 ±13.31(13-70) ...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013

Background: Tonsillectomy is the commonest ENT surgical procedure. The common postoperative morbi... more Background: Tonsillectomy is the commonest ENT surgical procedure. The common postoperative morbidities associated with tonsillectomy are nausea, vomiting, pain and bleeding. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of single intra-operative intravenous dose of dexamethasone versus control group on frequency of post tonsillectomy nausea and vomiting and need for rescue anti-emetics in the first 24 hours. Material and Methods: This comparative study was conducted at Department of ENT, DHQ Hospital, Lakki Marwat from January 2009 to June 2010. Patients of both gender aged 6-30 years were listed for elective tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. Patients with history of acute tonsillitis within six weeks, bleeding diathesis, or those with a known contraindication to steroids, were excluded. Patients were divided into group 1 (treatment) and 2 (control) of 50 each on alternate basis. A single dose of dexamethasone was given to patients of group 1 intra-operatively, whereas ...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014

Background: Femoral anteversion is one of the most important parameter of femur anatomy and geome... more Background: Femoral anteversion is one of the most important parameter of femur anatomy and geometry having important clinical implications. The objective of this study was to determine the side wise variation in femoral neck anteversion angle in adult dry femora of a local Pakistani population. Material & Methods: We studied 211 dry adult femora, free of disease, by Kingsley Olmsted method to determine femoral anteversion angle. The angle of femoral neck anteversion was determined by measuring the angle between the long axis of the neck of femur in horizontal plane and the transverse retrocondylar line taken as the plane of the axis of shaft of femur in coronal plane. Results: Out of 211 femora, right and left side distribution was 103 (48.8%) and 108 (51.2%) respectively. The mean femoral neck anteversion angle in degrees for right femur was 8.4° ± 8.9° (-19 to 27) with a range 46.0 and for left femur it was 7.8° ± 10.5° (-27 to 35) with a range of 62. The difference between the t...

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013