Mary Fran Malone - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Mary Fran Malone
Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, Third Edition, 2020
Foreword -Mitchell Seligson Section 1: Introduction to Democratic Development 1. Democracy's ... more Foreword -Mitchell Seligson Section 1: Introduction to Democratic Development 1. Democracy's March through History - Marlene Sokolon and Mary Fran T. Malone 2. Why Democracy? - Jonathon Hiskey and Alynna Lyon 3. Explaining Democratization - Mary Fran T. Malone Section 2: First Wave of Democracy 4. The Development and Growth of British Democracy - Nicoletta F. Gullace 5. The American Road to Democracy: An Early Start, but Late Finish - Marvin P. King, Jr., Stephanie McLean 6. The Emergence and Evolution of Democracy in Switzerland - Paolo Dardanelli Section 2 Discussion Questions and Hypothesis Testing Exercise Section 3: Second Wave of Democracy 7. From Defeat and Division to Democracy in Germany - Paul Fritz 8. The Transformation of Japanese Democracy - Mary Alice Haddad 9. India's Democracy: Success against the Odds - Laura Jenkins and Harita Patel Section 3 Discussion Questions and Hypothesis Testing Exercise Section 4: Third Wave of Democracy 10. Democracy Interrupted an...
Over the past decade, much of Central America has been devastated by alarming increases in crime ... more Over the past decade, much of Central America has been devastated by alarming increases in crime and violence. For most of this timeframe, migration from many of these same countries to the United States increased as well, at least until the 2008 financial crisis deflated migration numbers. In the following Insights report, we examine the possible relationship between high levels of violence and Central Americans' migration intentions. Though conventional views of the motivations behind migration tend to highlight economic and familial factors as the principal causes of migration, we find that crime victimization and perceptions of insecurity among Central Americans also play a significant role in determining the extent to which an individual considers migration as a viable strategy. Nonetheless, in the face of consistently high levels of crime and violence, perceptions of insecurity among Central Americans over the past ten years have been declining, suggesting perhaps a populace that has become accustomed to a high crime context and thus one less inclined to let crime influence future migration patterns.
Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 2021
In summer of 2014, headlines throughout the hemisphere called attention to an unfolding tragedy: ... more In summer of 2014, headlines throughout the hemisphere called attention to an unfolding tragedy: the plight of Central Americans fleeing north to escape the violence engulfing their communities. The staggering number of migrants seeking refuge sparked a great deal of debate within the United States, particularly due to the large numbers of children. In 2014, approximately 57,000 unaccompanied minors traveled from Central America to Mexico, continuing north to cross the U.S. border illegally. Once in the United States, most children turned themselves over to U.S. Border Control agents and faced swift deportation proceedings. Others have been temporarily reunited with family members throughout the United States, waiting for the courts to decide their fate. Thus far in 2015, the number of unaccompanied child apprehensions on the southwest border has declined compared to 2014. efforts at the behest of U.S. officials. Central Americans are still fleeing, but many are detained in Mexico before they reach the U.S. border. The large numbers of children fleeing Central America has led politicians, pundits, and average people to question U.S. immigration policy, deportation proceedings, and criteria for refugee status. The United States plays a critical role in this crisis. U.S. demand for drugs drives much of the violence in Central America today, and traffickers are able to capitalize on easy access to guns and ammunition in the United States to improve the armed might of gangs and drug cartels. Despite the electoral commitments of both Democrats and Republicans, serious efforts to reform U.S. immigration policy have languished. The migration emergency, however, is not just a product of U.S. policies on drugs, guns, and immigration. Some Central American governments have exacerbated the However, some border crossing zones (particularly the Big Bend and Yuma sectors) report sharp increases in apprehension rates, indicating that migrants and traffickers may be adjusting their tactics to try to elude U.S. border agents. 1 In Mexico, apprehension and deportation rates of Central American migrants have almost doubled this year, as Mexican officials have ramped up enforcement brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk
Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 2019
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the development, implementation and impact evalu... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the development, implementation and impact evaluation of an interactive theater-based workshop by the ADVANCE program at the University of New Hampshire (UNH). The workshop is part of a larger institutional transformation program funded by the National Science Foundation. Design/methodology/approach This institutional transformation program relied upon a systems approach to diagnose potential causes for the underrepresentation of women faculty in certain disciplines. This revealed that increasing awareness of, and reducing, implicit gender bias among members of faculty search committees could, in time, contribute to increasing the representation of women faculty at UNH. A committee charged with developing a faculty workshop to achieve this change identified interactive theater as an effective faculty training approach. The committee oversaw the development of customized scripts, and the hiring of professional actors and a facilitator ...
International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 2018
Despite nearly three decades of democratic rule throughout the Latin American region, public supp... more Despite nearly three decades of democratic rule throughout the Latin American region, public support for authoritarian norms has persisted. These “pockets of authoritarianism” can bolster support for policies and practices that weaken democratic governance, such as allowing authorities to abuse power. We examine why some Latin Americans endorse nondemocratic governance options by testing the predictive power of a psychological measure of authoritarianism, operationalized as support for particular child-rearing practices. We find that this psychological variable explains support for several nondemocratic governance options in the region: presidential limits on the opposition, iron-fist policies, torture of suspected criminals, and a military coup. Authoritarian parenting attitudes are also correlated with perceptions that political minorities threaten the country and lower support for democracy.
Latin American Research Review, 2018
Following a sharp increase in the number of border arrivals from the violence-torn countries of G... more Following a sharp increase in the number of border arrivals from the violence-torn countries of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras in the spring and summer of 2014, the United States quickly implemented a strategy designed to prevent such surges by enhancing its detention and deportation efforts. In this article, we examine the emigration decision for citizens living in the high-crime contexts of northern Central America. First, through analysis of survey data across Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras, we explore the role crime victimization plays in leading residents of these countries to consider emigration. Next, using survey data collected across twelve municipalities in Honduras, we evaluate the extent to which knowledge of heightened US immigration deterrence efforts influenced respondents’ emigration decision. Though a vast majority of these respondents were aware of the stricter US immigration policy regime, this awareness had no effect on their consideration of emigrati...
Journal of Politics in Latin America, 2010
Over the past two decades, the countries of Central America have confronted soaring crime rates. ... more Over the past two decades, the countries of Central America have confronted soaring crime rates. Justice systems of dubious quality provide thin shields against this crime crisis, despite substantial international and domestic investment in justice reform. Indeed, there is growing concern that crime will undermine justice reform efforts. Scholars and practitioners have pointed out that public frustration with crime, coupled with dissatisfaction with justice institutions, can lead citizens to reject reform efforts. Still, the micro-level relationships between crime and public support of the justice system have been understudied. Using public opinion data from the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP), this study aims to add to the literature by examining the effects of victimization and fear of crime on public trust in the justice system. The results indicate that crime can erode public support for the justice system, but the mechanics of this relationship vary according to n...
Latin American Politics and Society, 2018
Do attitudes toward immigrants shape public policy preferences? To answer this question, this art... more Do attitudes toward immigrants shape public policy preferences? To answer this question, this article analyzes a prominent example of South-South migration: the Nicaraguan immigrant community in Costa Rica. Over the past two decades, Costa Rica has experienced extensive socioeconomic changes, and Nicaraguans have been frequent scapegoats for the fears and worries generated by these changes. Relying on the 2014 AmericasBarometer survey, this analysis finds that respondents who perceive immigrants as an economic threat are significantly more supportive of punitive crime control policies. Attitudes toward immigrants were also significantly linked to support for government policies to reduce income inequality. However, given the historically strong support for the Costa Rican social welfare state, attitudes toward immigrants did not significantly affect support for government services.
The Logics of Gender Justice, 2018
European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies | Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 2004
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010
The current crime crisis in Mexico and Central America has captured domestic and international he... more The current crime crisis in Mexico and Central America has captured domestic and international headlines. The region is now infamous for some of the highest homicide rates in the world. In addition to high rates of violent crime, organized crime has also emerged as a powerful challenge to public security. As police and military forces confront suspected criminals and even armed drug cartels, many have feared that this escalating conflict might undermine the relatively recent transitions to democracy. Indeed, there is considerable theoretical and empirical evidence to lend credence to such concerns. New democracies frequently do not have sufficient time to develop their institutional capacities to fight crime, and can find themselves weak and ineffective when trying to maintain order. Furthermore, recent studies have linked public fear of crime to support for undemocratic alternatives, such as extra-legal justice. This paper aims to assess the impact of crime on Mexican and Central American democracy empirically. Building upon the burgeoning literature on crime and democracy, this analysis examines the impact of crime on citizens' attitudes toward democracy and their political participation. In doing so, this project aims to assess the impact of personal victimization and fear of crime on citizens' political attitudes (support for the rule of law) and behavior (voting and community participation).
Latin American Politics and Society, 2008
How can policymakers reduce public fear of crime in Latin America? This study compares the effect... more How can policymakers reduce public fear of crime in Latin America? This study compares the effectiveness of “zero tolerance” and community-based policing strategies in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. At the micro level, it assesses the links between fear of crime and social identity characteristics, contextual factors, the media, community participation, and other insecurities. It finds that citizens' economic, political, and social insecurities are the main determinants of their fear of crime. At the macro level, the study compares levels of public insecurity and finds that cities that employ community-based strategies to fight crime register lower levels of public fear of crime.
Desarrollo Económico, 2002
... INSEGURIDAD Y TEMOR EN LA ARGENTINA: EL IMPACTO DE LA CONFIANZA EN LA POLICIA Y LA CORRUPCION... more ... INSEGURIDAD Y TEMOR EN LA ARGENTINA: EL IMPACTO DE LA CONFIANZA EN LA POLICIA Y LA CORRUPCION SOBRE LA PERCEPCION CIUDADANA DEL CRIMEN* LUCIA DAMMERT** y MARY FRAN T. MALONE*** ... LUCIA DAMMERT Y MARY FRAN T. MALONE ...
Bulletin of Latin American Research, 2011
With this edited volume, Smith makes an extraordinary contribution to the field of comparative de... more With this edited volume, Smith makes an extraordinary contribution to the field of comparative democratisation. Drawing upon the expertise of a distinguished group of international scholars, this book thoroughly assesses the practical problems confronting contemporary democratic regimes in Latin America, as well as how these problems inform our theoretical understandings of democratisation. This volume documents the many ways in which Latin American democracy is 'democracy with adjectives' (p. 13). Free and fair elections have become commonplace, but as extant literature documents, these elections have proceeded while leaving the rule of law behind. Currently, most Latin Americans are able to vote and live without fear of egregious human rights abuses. However, citizens continue to face limitations on their civil and political rights, and all too often watch angrily from the sidelines as officials abuse power and engage in wanton corruption. Scholars first noted this trend in the late 1990s, describing Latin American democracy as illiberal, 'incomplete, partial, hollow, or shallow' (p. 13). Most viewed this type
Bulletin of Latin American Research, 2003
Chile is regarded as one of the safest countries in Latin America. Crime rates are extremely low ... more Chile is regarded as one of the safest countries in Latin America. Crime rates are extremely low when compared to the rest of the region, and the police are widely considered to be efficient and trustworthy. Despite these objective trends, fear of crime is widespread throughout ...
Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, Third Edition, 2020
Foreword -Mitchell Seligson Section 1: Introduction to Democratic Development 1. Democracy's ... more Foreword -Mitchell Seligson Section 1: Introduction to Democratic Development 1. Democracy's March through History - Marlene Sokolon and Mary Fran T. Malone 2. Why Democracy? - Jonathon Hiskey and Alynna Lyon 3. Explaining Democratization - Mary Fran T. Malone Section 2: First Wave of Democracy 4. The Development and Growth of British Democracy - Nicoletta F. Gullace 5. The American Road to Democracy: An Early Start, but Late Finish - Marvin P. King, Jr., Stephanie McLean 6. The Emergence and Evolution of Democracy in Switzerland - Paolo Dardanelli Section 2 Discussion Questions and Hypothesis Testing Exercise Section 3: Second Wave of Democracy 7. From Defeat and Division to Democracy in Germany - Paul Fritz 8. The Transformation of Japanese Democracy - Mary Alice Haddad 9. India's Democracy: Success against the Odds - Laura Jenkins and Harita Patel Section 3 Discussion Questions and Hypothesis Testing Exercise Section 4: Third Wave of Democracy 10. Democracy Interrupted an...
Over the past decade, much of Central America has been devastated by alarming increases in crime ... more Over the past decade, much of Central America has been devastated by alarming increases in crime and violence. For most of this timeframe, migration from many of these same countries to the United States increased as well, at least until the 2008 financial crisis deflated migration numbers. In the following Insights report, we examine the possible relationship between high levels of violence and Central Americans' migration intentions. Though conventional views of the motivations behind migration tend to highlight economic and familial factors as the principal causes of migration, we find that crime victimization and perceptions of insecurity among Central Americans also play a significant role in determining the extent to which an individual considers migration as a viable strategy. Nonetheless, in the face of consistently high levels of crime and violence, perceptions of insecurity among Central Americans over the past ten years have been declining, suggesting perhaps a populace that has become accustomed to a high crime context and thus one less inclined to let crime influence future migration patterns.
Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 2021
In summer of 2014, headlines throughout the hemisphere called attention to an unfolding tragedy: ... more In summer of 2014, headlines throughout the hemisphere called attention to an unfolding tragedy: the plight of Central Americans fleeing north to escape the violence engulfing their communities. The staggering number of migrants seeking refuge sparked a great deal of debate within the United States, particularly due to the large numbers of children. In 2014, approximately 57,000 unaccompanied minors traveled from Central America to Mexico, continuing north to cross the U.S. border illegally. Once in the United States, most children turned themselves over to U.S. Border Control agents and faced swift deportation proceedings. Others have been temporarily reunited with family members throughout the United States, waiting for the courts to decide their fate. Thus far in 2015, the number of unaccompanied child apprehensions on the southwest border has declined compared to 2014. efforts at the behest of U.S. officials. Central Americans are still fleeing, but many are detained in Mexico before they reach the U.S. border. The large numbers of children fleeing Central America has led politicians, pundits, and average people to question U.S. immigration policy, deportation proceedings, and criteria for refugee status. The United States plays a critical role in this crisis. U.S. demand for drugs drives much of the violence in Central America today, and traffickers are able to capitalize on easy access to guns and ammunition in the United States to improve the armed might of gangs and drug cartels. Despite the electoral commitments of both Democrats and Republicans, serious efforts to reform U.S. immigration policy have languished. The migration emergency, however, is not just a product of U.S. policies on drugs, guns, and immigration. Some Central American governments have exacerbated the However, some border crossing zones (particularly the Big Bend and Yuma sectors) report sharp increases in apprehension rates, indicating that migrants and traffickers may be adjusting their tactics to try to elude U.S. border agents. 1 In Mexico, apprehension and deportation rates of Central American migrants have almost doubled this year, as Mexican officials have ramped up enforcement brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk
Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 2019
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the development, implementation and impact evalu... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the development, implementation and impact evaluation of an interactive theater-based workshop by the ADVANCE program at the University of New Hampshire (UNH). The workshop is part of a larger institutional transformation program funded by the National Science Foundation. Design/methodology/approach This institutional transformation program relied upon a systems approach to diagnose potential causes for the underrepresentation of women faculty in certain disciplines. This revealed that increasing awareness of, and reducing, implicit gender bias among members of faculty search committees could, in time, contribute to increasing the representation of women faculty at UNH. A committee charged with developing a faculty workshop to achieve this change identified interactive theater as an effective faculty training approach. The committee oversaw the development of customized scripts, and the hiring of professional actors and a facilitator ...
International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 2018
Despite nearly three decades of democratic rule throughout the Latin American region, public supp... more Despite nearly three decades of democratic rule throughout the Latin American region, public support for authoritarian norms has persisted. These “pockets of authoritarianism” can bolster support for policies and practices that weaken democratic governance, such as allowing authorities to abuse power. We examine why some Latin Americans endorse nondemocratic governance options by testing the predictive power of a psychological measure of authoritarianism, operationalized as support for particular child-rearing practices. We find that this psychological variable explains support for several nondemocratic governance options in the region: presidential limits on the opposition, iron-fist policies, torture of suspected criminals, and a military coup. Authoritarian parenting attitudes are also correlated with perceptions that political minorities threaten the country and lower support for democracy.
Latin American Research Review, 2018
Following a sharp increase in the number of border arrivals from the violence-torn countries of G... more Following a sharp increase in the number of border arrivals from the violence-torn countries of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras in the spring and summer of 2014, the United States quickly implemented a strategy designed to prevent such surges by enhancing its detention and deportation efforts. In this article, we examine the emigration decision for citizens living in the high-crime contexts of northern Central America. First, through analysis of survey data across Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras, we explore the role crime victimization plays in leading residents of these countries to consider emigration. Next, using survey data collected across twelve municipalities in Honduras, we evaluate the extent to which knowledge of heightened US immigration deterrence efforts influenced respondents’ emigration decision. Though a vast majority of these respondents were aware of the stricter US immigration policy regime, this awareness had no effect on their consideration of emigrati...
Journal of Politics in Latin America, 2010
Over the past two decades, the countries of Central America have confronted soaring crime rates. ... more Over the past two decades, the countries of Central America have confronted soaring crime rates. Justice systems of dubious quality provide thin shields against this crime crisis, despite substantial international and domestic investment in justice reform. Indeed, there is growing concern that crime will undermine justice reform efforts. Scholars and practitioners have pointed out that public frustration with crime, coupled with dissatisfaction with justice institutions, can lead citizens to reject reform efforts. Still, the micro-level relationships between crime and public support of the justice system have been understudied. Using public opinion data from the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP), this study aims to add to the literature by examining the effects of victimization and fear of crime on public trust in the justice system. The results indicate that crime can erode public support for the justice system, but the mechanics of this relationship vary according to n...
Latin American Politics and Society, 2018
Do attitudes toward immigrants shape public policy preferences? To answer this question, this art... more Do attitudes toward immigrants shape public policy preferences? To answer this question, this article analyzes a prominent example of South-South migration: the Nicaraguan immigrant community in Costa Rica. Over the past two decades, Costa Rica has experienced extensive socioeconomic changes, and Nicaraguans have been frequent scapegoats for the fears and worries generated by these changes. Relying on the 2014 AmericasBarometer survey, this analysis finds that respondents who perceive immigrants as an economic threat are significantly more supportive of punitive crime control policies. Attitudes toward immigrants were also significantly linked to support for government policies to reduce income inequality. However, given the historically strong support for the Costa Rican social welfare state, attitudes toward immigrants did not significantly affect support for government services.
The Logics of Gender Justice, 2018
European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies | Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 2004
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010
The current crime crisis in Mexico and Central America has captured domestic and international he... more The current crime crisis in Mexico and Central America has captured domestic and international headlines. The region is now infamous for some of the highest homicide rates in the world. In addition to high rates of violent crime, organized crime has also emerged as a powerful challenge to public security. As police and military forces confront suspected criminals and even armed drug cartels, many have feared that this escalating conflict might undermine the relatively recent transitions to democracy. Indeed, there is considerable theoretical and empirical evidence to lend credence to such concerns. New democracies frequently do not have sufficient time to develop their institutional capacities to fight crime, and can find themselves weak and ineffective when trying to maintain order. Furthermore, recent studies have linked public fear of crime to support for undemocratic alternatives, such as extra-legal justice. This paper aims to assess the impact of crime on Mexican and Central American democracy empirically. Building upon the burgeoning literature on crime and democracy, this analysis examines the impact of crime on citizens' attitudes toward democracy and their political participation. In doing so, this project aims to assess the impact of personal victimization and fear of crime on citizens' political attitudes (support for the rule of law) and behavior (voting and community participation).
Latin American Politics and Society, 2008
How can policymakers reduce public fear of crime in Latin America? This study compares the effect... more How can policymakers reduce public fear of crime in Latin America? This study compares the effectiveness of “zero tolerance” and community-based policing strategies in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. At the micro level, it assesses the links between fear of crime and social identity characteristics, contextual factors, the media, community participation, and other insecurities. It finds that citizens' economic, political, and social insecurities are the main determinants of their fear of crime. At the macro level, the study compares levels of public insecurity and finds that cities that employ community-based strategies to fight crime register lower levels of public fear of crime.
Desarrollo Económico, 2002
... INSEGURIDAD Y TEMOR EN LA ARGENTINA: EL IMPACTO DE LA CONFIANZA EN LA POLICIA Y LA CORRUPCION... more ... INSEGURIDAD Y TEMOR EN LA ARGENTINA: EL IMPACTO DE LA CONFIANZA EN LA POLICIA Y LA CORRUPCION SOBRE LA PERCEPCION CIUDADANA DEL CRIMEN* LUCIA DAMMERT** y MARY FRAN T. MALONE*** ... LUCIA DAMMERT Y MARY FRAN T. MALONE ...
Bulletin of Latin American Research, 2011
With this edited volume, Smith makes an extraordinary contribution to the field of comparative de... more With this edited volume, Smith makes an extraordinary contribution to the field of comparative democratisation. Drawing upon the expertise of a distinguished group of international scholars, this book thoroughly assesses the practical problems confronting contemporary democratic regimes in Latin America, as well as how these problems inform our theoretical understandings of democratisation. This volume documents the many ways in which Latin American democracy is 'democracy with adjectives' (p. 13). Free and fair elections have become commonplace, but as extant literature documents, these elections have proceeded while leaving the rule of law behind. Currently, most Latin Americans are able to vote and live without fear of egregious human rights abuses. However, citizens continue to face limitations on their civil and political rights, and all too often watch angrily from the sidelines as officials abuse power and engage in wanton corruption. Scholars first noted this trend in the late 1990s, describing Latin American democracy as illiberal, 'incomplete, partial, hollow, or shallow' (p. 13). Most viewed this type
Bulletin of Latin American Research, 2003
Chile is regarded as one of the safest countries in Latin America. Crime rates are extremely low ... more Chile is regarded as one of the safest countries in Latin America. Crime rates are extremely low when compared to the rest of the region, and the police are widely considered to be efficient and trustworthy. Despite these objective trends, fear of crime is widespread throughout ...