Marzuki Ismail - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Marzuki Ismail

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2016

The forecasting of Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) is crucial as the information can be used by local... more The forecasting of Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) is crucial as the information can be used by local authority in informing community regarding the level air quality at specific location. The non-linearity of PM 10 in atmosphere after it was subjected by several meteorological parameters should be treated with powerful statistical models which can provide high accuracy in forecasting the PM 10 concentration for instance Neural Network (NN) model. Thus, the aim of this study is establishment of NN model using Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm with meteorological parameters as predictors. Daily observations of PM 10 , wind speed, relative humidity, ambient temperature, rainfall, and atmospheric pressure in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia from January 2009 to December 2014 were selected for predicting PM 10 concentration level. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied prior the establishment of NN model with the aim of reducing multi-collinearity among predictors. The three principa...

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014

Poor indoor air quality is a major threat towards workers since the office or office-like environ... more Poor indoor air quality is a major threat towards workers since the office or office-like environment is now the workplace for the majority of the workforce in Malaysia. Workers in office buildings frequently have unexplained work-related symptoms or combinations of symptoms but evidence suggests that microbial contamination plays a part. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation lights with high efficiency particulate air filter (UV-HEPA) are recognized for eradicating biological contaminants and capturing particles in indoor environments. Here, the effectiveness of UV-HEPA purification unit was obtained in two selected workplaces i.e. laboratory of conservation and laboratory of natural resources. Results show that there exist significance difference (P<0.05) on indoor air quality between pre-installation and post-installations of UV-HEPA filter in both selected room. Furthermore, it shows that UV-HEPA filter is effective in removing indoor air pollutants and improves the air quality....

10 years of continuous monitoring data (2000-2010) from Air Quality Division, Malaysian Departmen... more 10 years of continuous monitoring data (2000-2010) from Air Quality Division, Malaysian Department of Environment are used to investigate the relationships between ambient levels of ozone (O 3), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) as a function of NO x , in Kemaman, Malaysia, wherewith the dominant sources of ozone precursors are industrial activities and road traffic. In addition, variation of oxidant OX (O 3 and NO 2) concentration with NO x was also examined. The analyses established a weak linear relationship between O 3 and NO x , signifying that Kemaman area is not NO x sensitive but possibly VOC-sensitive area. The level of [OX] is influenced by NO x-independent and NO x-dependent contributions. The former is due to regional background O 3 concentration while the latter correlates to the local level of primary pollution. The measured concentrations of the pollutants varied as a function of time. The analyses also show that the diurnal cycle of ground level ozone concentration has a midday peak while lower concentration occurs at night time.

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2020

High level of tropospheric ozone concentration, exceeding allowable level has been frequently rep... more High level of tropospheric ozone concentration, exceeding allowable level has been frequently reported in Malaysia. This study proposes accurate model based on Machine Learning algorithms to predict Tropospheric ozone concentration in major cities located in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia. The proposed models were developed using three-year of historical data for different parameters as input to predict 24-hour and 12-hour of tropospheric ozone concentration. Different Machine Learning algorithms have been investigated, viz. Linear Regression, Neural Network and Boosted Decision Tree. The results revealed that wind speed, humidity, Nitrogen Oxide, Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Dioxide have significant influence on ozone formation. Boosted Decision Tree outperformed Linear regression and Neural Network algorithms for all stations. The performance of the proposed model improved by using 12-hours dataset instead of the 24-hour where R 2 values were equal to 0.91, 0.88 and 0.87 for the three investigated stations. To assess the uncertainties of the Boosted Decision Tree model, 95% prediction uncertainties (95PPU) d-factors were introduced.95PPU showed about 94.4, 93.4, 96.7% and the d-factors were 0.001015, 0.001016 and 0.001124 which relate to S1, S2 and S3, respectively. The obtained results provide a reliable prediction model to mimic actual ozone concentration in different locations in Malaysia.

Atmosphere, 2020

Malaysia has been facing transboundary haze events every year in which the air contains particula... more Malaysia has been facing transboundary haze events every year in which the air contains particulate matter, particularly PM10, which affects human health and the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a PM10 forecasting model for early information and warning alerts to the responsible parties in order for them to mitigate and plan precautionary measures during such events. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and compare the best-fitted model for PM10 prediction from the first hour until the next three hours during transboundary haze events. The air pollution data acquired from the Malaysian Department of Environment spanned from the years 2005 until 2014 (excluding years 2007–2009), which included particulate matter (PM10), ozone (O3), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), wind speed (WS), ambient temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH) on an hourly basis. Three different stepwise Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) mod...

International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2019

Heavy metals are a group of metals and metalloids that normally present naturally, released into ... more Heavy metals are a group of metals and metalloids that normally present naturally, released into the environment by both natural and anthropogenic sources. These are toxic in any state for humans and animals even at low concentration [1]. Most of the non-biodegradable elements are classified as human carcinogenic (known or probable) according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) who have a tendency to accumulate in a living organism and may cause adverse health effects either in the long term or continuous exposure [2]. In recent years,

International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2018

Welding is one of the fundamental processes for metal joining in automotive industries and there ... more Welding is one of the fundamental processes for metal joining in automotive industries and there is an increasing concern over occupational lung disease among welder due to exposure towards welding fumes. A lung disease questionnaire (ATS-DLD-78) was used to record the presence of respiratory symptoms among welders and in assessing lung function assessment, FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC are considered for identifying the lung condition; normal, obstructive or restrictive. The data were tabulated and subjected to logistic and multivariate analyses. Meanwhile, in order to trace metal in welders' body, this study utilized a non-invasive approach of toenail as a biomarker. Lung functions decrement was established in linear regression for FEV1 and FEV1/FVC respectively although not statistically significant. Analysis conducted revealed the presence of the following trace elements concentration in ascending sequence: As < Al < Cu < Mn < Cr < Ni < Co < Fe (in the toenail) and Co < Al < Cu < Ni < As < Cr < Fe < Mn (in the cassette), respectively. The results validated the postulation that toenail metals composition shared a similar route of exposure with an anthropogenic source of activity. It is suggested a longer follow-up study is required to assess individual effects on lung function systems and the incidence of respiratory diseases among welders and this study indicates that toenail is a reliable biomarker of metal-workplace pollution and suitable for acquiring chronological information of welding fumes exposure.

MATEC Web of Conferences, 2017

The aim of this study are (i) to determine the yearly and monsoonal variations of the criteria po... more The aim of this study are (i) to determine the yearly and monsoonal variations of the criteria pollutants in Kuala Terengganu, (ii) identify the influences of the meteorological factors and other minor criteria pollutants that impose on the concentration of the most significant criteria pollutant using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The hourly data for the criteria pollutants (PM10, CO, O3, NO2, and SO2) and meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, windspeed) for the duration of 10 years procured from the Department of Environment, Malaysia were analyzed. PM10 is the only pollutant that frequently recorded concentrations exceeding the MAAQG in the length of the year 2001 to 2010 and the criteria pollutants reported differ significantly between the monsoon seasons. PCA showed that sources contributing to the most significant criteria pollutant (PM10) are meteorological factor influences and industrial emissions.

An apple is red. The sun is yellow. The sky is blue. A leaf is green. A cloud is white ... and a ... more An apple is red. The sun is yellow. The sky is blue. A leaf is green. A cloud is white ... and a stone is brown. The world has many things ... the world has many people the world has many colours ... and each of them is dif f erent. In a garden all the f l owers but they live happily together ... side by side. 1n aforest all the birds are different c% urs, but they live happily together ... side by side. In a meadow all the animals are dif f erent but they live happily together ... side b, v side. 1n our world all the people are dif f erent and, sometimes, they live happily together ... side by side. Colours are important because they make our world beautiful, but they are not as important as how we feel ... or what we think ... or what we do. Colours are outside things andfeelings are inside things. Colours is something we see with our eyes, but love is something we see with our heart. III

Respirology, 2000

Observations have been made on the long-term trends of major air pollutants in Malaysia including... more Observations have been made on the long-term trends of major air pollutants in Malaysia including nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, the ozone and total suspended particulate matter (particularly PM10), and sulfur dioxide, emitted from industrial and urban areas from early 1970s until late 1998. The data show that the status of atmospheric environment in Malaysia, in particular in highly industrialized areas such as Klang Valley, was determined both by local and transboundary emissions and could be described as haze and non-haze periods. During the non-haze periods, vehicular emissions accounted for more than 70% of the total emissions in the urban areas and have demonstrated two peaks in the diurnal variations of the aforementioned air pollutants, except ozone. The morning &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;rush-hour&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; peak was mainly due to vehicle emissions, while the late evening peak was mainly attributed to meteorological conditions, particularly atmospheric stability and wind speed. Total suspended particulate matter was the main pollutant with its concentrations at few sites often exceeding the Recommended Malaysia Air Quality Guidelines. The levels of other pollutants were generally within the guidelines. Since 1980, six major haze episodes were officially reported in Malaysia: April 1983, August 1990, June 1991, October 1991, August to October 1994, and July to October 1997. The 1997 haze episode was the worst ever experienced by the country. Short-term observations using continuous monitoring systems during the haze episodes during these periods clearly showed that suspended particulate matter (PM10) was the main cause of haze and was transboundary in nature. Large forest fires in parts of Sumatra and Kalimantan during the haze period, clearly evident in satellite images, were identified as the probable key sources of the widespread heavy haze that extended across Southeast Asia from Indonesia to Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. The results of several studies have also provided strong evidence that biomass burning is the dominating source of particulate matter. The severity and extent of 1997&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s haze pollution was unprecedented, affecting some 300 million people across the region. The amount of economic costs suffered by Southeast Asian countries during this environmental disaster was enormous and is yet to be fully determined. Among the important sectors severely affected were air and land transport, shipping, construction, tourism and agro-based industries. The economic cost of the haze-related damage to Malaysia presented in this study include short-term health costs, production losses, tourism-related losses and the cost of avertive action. Although the cost reported here is likely to be underestimated, they are nevertheless significant (roughly RM1 billion). The general air quality of Malaysia since 1970 has deteriorated. Studies have shown that should no effective countermeasures be introduced, the emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the year 2005 would increase by 1.4, 2.12, 1.47 and 2.27 times, respectively, from the 1992 levels.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013

Work environment factors such as air quality in the industry have become a public concern recentl... more Work environment factors such as air quality in the industry have become a public concern recently especially due to issues related to respirable dust. Most of industrial workers are exposed to dust during their daily work activities. A preliminary study was conducted at a paper based mill, palm oil mill and automotive plant in Malaysia to monitor the personal exposure of respirable dust. Personal sampling and questionnaires were administrated in purposed to determine the respiratory health symptoms and supported by a pulmonary lung function test. The result of the study showed most of the workers in paper based mill were exposed to respirable dust when the Time Weightage Average (TWA) result was above the permissible exposure limit which is 5 mg/m3 and 3 mg/m3 from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) standard respectively. From the survey feedbacks, out of 30 symptoms, there are only five symptom...

Surface ozone or tropospheric ozone has been recognized as one of the major factors that can give... more Surface ozone or tropospheric ozone has been recognized as one of the major factors that can give adverse impact on crops including rice plants. Effects of ozone on rice plants could be seen in decreased of biochemical activities and physiological performance which contribute to yield reduction. In Malaysia, surface ozone is on the rise due to increment anthropogenic sources i.e. urbanization, transportation and also industrialization process. This condition is alarming due to the facts that rice is the major staple food to the majority of Malaysian population. In this study, exceedence of ozone exposure above an hourly threshold concentration of 40 ppb (AOT40) and ozone trends in four major rice growing areas in Malaysia were assessed using time series analysis of ozone data recorded in each area from January 2000 until December 2010 with a total of 132 readings. The results showed a steady increase in exceedence ozone of yearly AOT40 and statistical significant upward trend for ozone concentrations in each rice growing area in Malaysia. This finding was particularly alarming because ozone is able to inhibit production of rice yields. Preventive actions need to be implemented as soon as possible in order to alleviate ozone threat to our national food security agenda.

Banko Janakari, 2020

Information on soil properties with regards to forest soil-depth are important for sustainable ma... more Information on soil properties with regards to forest soil-depth are important for sustainable management of forest. The present study investigated the physicochemical properties of the top soil (0−30cm depth) in the three forests, viz. i) the Terai Shorea Forest (Bardia National Park), ii) the Evergreen Riverine Forest (Bardia National Park) and iii) the Puraina CF (Kailali district) of western Nepal. In the tropical forests of western Nepal, the soil texture is, moreover, loamy sand to sand. The soil bulk density ranged from 1.33−1.63 gm cm-3, and slightly increased with the increase in the soil-depth. The soil pH value ranged from 5.77−7.36. The soil organic carbon, total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K) were found to be in the ranges of 0.54−1.64%, 0.04−0.14%, 4.84−31.72 kg ha-1, and 204.35−557.44 kg ha-1, respectively, and all these values decreased with the increase in the soil-depth in both the forests of the protected area; however, this de...

Energy Research Journal, 2010

Problem statement: The purpose of this study is to design a renewable energy hydrogen based power... more Problem statement: The purpose of this study is to design a renewable energy hydrogen based power system to provide electricity to a coastal residential area in east coast area (Kuala Terengganu) of Malaysia. Approach: The selected case study represents a power demand of 20 kWh day −1. The autonomous system used in this study is diesel generator, wind and photovoltaic hybrid system. The power system was redesigned and optimized as hydrogen-based autonomous power systems in order to meet the existing user's power demand at a minimum cost of energy. Wind speed and solar radiations data obtained from Malaysian Meteorological Department have been used in the simulation process through optimization software, Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER). Results: Three systems that were considered in this study area are stand alone PV-wind-diesel, stand alone PV-wind-hydrogen and grid connected PV-wind-hydrogen energy system. The proposed systems then were compared regarding on their operational characteristics and cost values. The comparisons prove that grid connected PV-wind-hydrogen energy system had the lowest total net present cost and cost of energy, 53,197and53,197 and 53,197and0.57/kWh, respectively that makes it the most cost effective system and followed by PV-wind-diesel and stand alone PV-wind-hydrogen system. Conclusion/Recommendations: It can be concluded that the hydrogen-based system can become a favorable system without aid from the grid system and bring advantage in technical and economic point of view and also suitable to be applied in the coastal residential application as energy carrier if only the current cost of wind turbine, PV arrays and hydrogen system technology have been reduced to its minimum rate.

Work environment factor such as air quality in industry become public concern recently especially... more Work environment factor such as air quality in industry become public concern recently especially due to issues related to respirable dust. Most of the workers from paper based industry were exposed to dust during on their daily work activities. A preliminary study and measurement was conducted at tissue mill and packaging area at one of the selected paper based mill in Malaysia to monitor the personal exposure of respirable dust. Series of a direct reading measurement for area sampling of respirable dust (PM 10) and questionnaires were administrated in purposed to determine the respiratory health symptoms. The result of the study showed most of the workers are exposed to respirable dust when the Time Weightage Average (TWA) result was above the permissible exposure limit which is 5 mg/m 3 and 3 mg/m 3 from Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) standard respectively. From the survey feedbacks several worker...

Air Pollution - Monitoring, Modelling and Health, 2012

Air Pollution-Monitoring, Modelling and Health 154 liquid particles in the air (Moussiopoulos, 20... more Air Pollution-Monitoring, Modelling and Health 154 liquid particles in the air (Moussiopoulos, 2003). The aerosol particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µm and 2.5 µm are referred to as PM 10 and PM 2.5 respectively (Mkoma et al., 2010). The particles are also sites for accumulation of compounds of moderate volatility (Brimblecombe & Maynard, 2001). Many particulates in the air are metal compounds that can catalyze secondary reactions in the air or gas phase to produce aerosols as secondary products (David Liu & Lipták, 2000). 1.1 Monitoring stations in Malaysia Department of Environment (DOE) monitors the country's ambient air quality through a network of 51 Continuous Air Quality Monitoring stations (CAQM) (Department of Environment [DOE], 2008). Location of the CAQM in Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively.

Rice, the most important crop in Malaysia contributes about one-third of daily calorie intake amo... more Rice, the most important crop in Malaysia contributes about one-third of daily calorie intake among Malaysians, and it is the primary source of carbohydrates. As in many other developing countries in Asia, food security has been an integral national policy objective ...

Indoor and Built Environment, 2011

Studies have found that indoor air pollution affects human, especially children and the elderly, ... more Studies have found that indoor air pollution affects human, especially children and the elderly, more compared to ambient atmospheric air. This study aims to investigate respirable suspended particulate matter (RSP) concentration in selected primary schools with different surrounding human activities, and to establish statistical relationships between indoor and outdoor air pollutant concentrations in each selected schools in Kuala Terengganu. Failure to identify and establish indoor air pollution status can increase health problems for these young students and degrade their learning environment and comfort. Indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters in seven primary schools were conducted during the monsoon season of August 2008 until March 2009. Ineach classroom, RSP, air velocity, relative humidity and temperature were monitored during school hours, and a complete walkthrough survey was completed. Results show a statistically significant difference for the six IAQ parameters between the...