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Papers by Matthew Olson

Cancer cytopathology, Jan 29, 2016

According to The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS), the category of atypical urot... more According to The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS), the category of atypical urothelial cells (AUC) should not be applied to specimens in which cellular changes can be entirely attributed to the polyoma (BK) virus cytopathic effect (CPE). Until recently, cases with BK CPE at The Johns Hopkins Hospital were categorized as atypical urothelial cells of uncertain significance (AUC-US), which is equivalent to the TPS AUC category. This study was performed to determine how significantly the rate of AUC-US specimens would decrease if specimens with only BK CPE were classified as benign. Two reviewers and 1 adjudicator re-evaluated urinary tract specimens to determine whether sufficient cytological atypia justified an AUC-US diagnosis independent of the presence of BK CPE. For patients with surgical follow-up, the rate of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) on tissue biopsy was tracked over a 5-year period. The reclassification rate of AUC-US cases with BK CPE as benign w...

Cancer cytopathology, Jan 2, 2015

Adequacy assessment is one of the most controversial and overlooked components in the daily pract... more Adequacy assessment is one of the most controversial and overlooked components in the daily practice of cytopathology, because it is generally determined from limited samples. Because voided urine varies widely in terms of its volume and cellularity, there is little consensus about the proper role for these variables in assessing specimen adequacy. In this study, the authors explored the role of volume in voided urine specimens to determine whether it plays a role in determining adequacy for the detection of high-grade urothelial carcinoma. Voided urine specimens received at the authors' laboratory over the 9.5 years since the introduction of the Johns Hopkins Template for Reporting Urinary Cytopathology were analyzed for correlations between volume, specimen adequacy, and the diagnosis of high-grade malignancy. The same data set also was queried to determine whether a patient who provided a voided low-volume specimen could yield a higher volume specimen and thereby increase ade...

American journal of clinical pathology, 2016

This study aims to determine the minimum pericardial fluid volume necessary for adequate cytologi... more This study aims to determine the minimum pericardial fluid volume necessary for adequate cytologic diagnosis. We identified 480 pericardiocentesis specimens, divided them by volume into six bins, and calculated the malignancy fraction (percentage of malignant diagnoses) for each bin. We then combined bins at various cutoffs to determine a minimum threshold volume and evaluated their sensitivity. The malignancy fraction increased from 6.5% for specimens 10 mL or less to 20.7% for more than 600 mL (P = .03). While the cumulative malignancy fraction was 18.1% above a cutoff of 60 mL, it was 10.6% below this threshold (P = .03). The sensitivity of cytology compared with pericardial biopsy was 70.0% for 60 mL or less and 91.1% for more than 60 mL (P = .14). Small-volume pericardiocentesis specimens detect fewer malignancies and have inferior sensitivity compared with pericardial biopsy. A volume of more than 60 mL should be submitted to cytology to ensure adequate diagnosis of pericardia...

Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, 2014

Introduction There is currently substantial interest in dynamic telecytologydthe presentation of ... more Introduction There is currently substantial interest in dynamic telecytologydthe presentation of microscopic findings by live video feed to a cytopathologist at a remote location. However, the initial costs of a telecytology system can be high. We present several low-cost alternatives along with their performance characteristics. Materials and methods We tested 3 low-cost telecytology systems: a Raspberry Pi with a webcam, an iPhone 4S with FaceTime, and an iPhone 4S with a live streaming app. Costs, resolution capacities, and latency periods for image transmission were determined. Results At $85.55, the Raspberry Pi system is the least expensive telecytology solution described to date. When the cost per megapixel of resolution is considered, the cost of a Raspberry Pi system is 120Â less than the most expensive commercially available option and about 7-fold less than the iPhone-based alternatives. Latency periods were substantially lower for the iPhone systems: 2.5 AE 1 seconds for FaceTime and 2.8 AE 0.3 seconds for iPhone live streaming versus 6.6 AE 0.6 seconds for the Raspberry Pi system at comparable frame rates. Conclusions This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that inexpensive telecytology systems are able to stream live video feeds of cytology slides from a microscope to a remote location at useable resolutions.

Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, 2014

Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, 2012

Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, 2014

Journal of Korean Society of Endocrinology, 2005

Cancer cytopathology, Jan 25, 2012

The current study was conducted to describe the clinical features and presentation, cytomorpholog... more The current study was conducted to describe the clinical features and presentation, cytomorphological characteristics with histological correlation, and prognosis of patients who undergo fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for postradiation sarcoma (PRS). A retrospective review was performed of 13 individual patients who were pooled from the FNA services of 3 academic institutions between 2001 and 2012. Cases were reviewed for the primary tumor, radiation history, latency period, and other distinguishing clinical features. The frequency of the various cytological preparations as well as the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) on this material were reviewed. The cytopathology diagnosis was compared with the resection diagnosis, and the survival time was reviewed. The median age of the patients was 61 years (range, 35 years-94 years) and no significant gender predilection was noted. The median latency period was 11 years (range, 5 years to > 50 years). Patients generally presented with larg...

Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, 2013

ABSTRACT Background Cytologic screening for urothelial carcinoma is fraught with low sensitivity,... more ABSTRACT Background Cytologic screening for urothelial carcinoma is fraught with low sensitivity, a high indeterminate rate, and until recently, poor standardization of terminology. The Johns Hopkins Hospital John K. Frost Cytopathology Laboratory has recently developed and published a template for reporting urine cytopathology; herein we evaluate its interobserver reproducibility. Methods Two sets of 100 cases each were de-identified; each set was reviewed by five of ten observers in a randomized order at the direction of computerized data collection software that tracked observation time as well as observer classification of the atypia - no atypia, atypia (AUC-US), or atypia suggestive of high grade urothelial carcinoma (AUC-H). Specific morphologic features were also recorded. Cases were grouped into low-, intermediate-, and high-agreement based on the number of observers who made the assessment. The findings were correlated against clinical outcomes. Results High agreement among observers about the presence or absence of high-grade features was possible in approximately two-thirds of indeterminate urine cases. Time and order did not factor significantly into observer propensity for identifying atypical features or favoring either AUC-US or AUC-H, and cases with high agreement about the presence of high-grade features were more likely to have a malignant follow-up. Furthermore, AUC-H diagnoses based on two or more high-grade features had a significantly higher malignancy risk than AUC-US diagnoses. Conclusion AUC-H is a valid diagnostic category with specific reproducibly identified features that portend a higher risk of malignancy than the findings of AUC-US.

Acta Cytologica, 2014

Introduction: The thyroid gland is arguably the fastest growing anatomic site for fine needle asp... more Introduction: The thyroid gland is arguably the fastest growing anatomic site for fine needle aspiration (FNA). With the increase of thyroid cases, the re-evaluation of cytotechnologist screening quality metrics in terms of thyroid FNA is becoming apparent. We present our institutional cytotechnologist performance at screening for nuclear atypia by applying the established quality metrics.

Pancreatology, 2013

Solitary fibrous tumors are unusual spindle cell neoplasms that uncommonly originate from the kid... more Solitary fibrous tumors are unusual spindle cell neoplasms that uncommonly originate from the kidney. We report a case of a 43-year old male who presented with acute recurrent pancreatitis secondary to a mass in the head of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was performed. Cytology revealed solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney. This is the first reported case of solitary fibrous tumor metastasizing to the pancreas and presenting as acute recurrent pancreatitis.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2013

Although the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) has standardized the dia... more Although the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) has standardized the diagnostic terminology for thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA), morphological interpretation remains subjective, and interobserver discrepancies are expected. This study quantifies the frequency and magnitude of these discrepancies in a single tertiary center's experience and elucidates key factors that are associated with changes in diagnosis. Institutional consultation for 3885 thyroid cytological samples over 45 months were reviewed. BSRTC classification made by the sending institution was compared with that of our institution. An ANOVA was performed to determine factors that may be associated with interinstitutional diagnostic differences. Histopathology diagnoses were available for 1049 (27%) nodules; the malignancy rates for inside and outside BSRTC classifications were calculated. There were 937 1-step changes and 301 ≥2-step diagnostic discrepancies comprising 24% and 8% of all cases, respectively. Second review decreased the indeterminate rate 38% to 28% (P…

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2014

Endoscopic ultrasound guided (EUS) fine-needle aspiration (FNA) investigation of solid pancreatic... more Endoscopic ultrasound guided (EUS) fine-needle aspiration (FNA) investigation of solid pancreatic lesions has been shown to have good sensitivity and specificity. Many lesions can be definitely classified as benign or malignant but some can only be cytologically classified as "atypical" or "suspicious for malignancy". Risk for malignancy in these indeterminate categories has not been well categorized. The cytology records of four University Medical centers were searched for all EUS guided FNAs of solid pancreatic lesions. All cases with a diagnosis of "atypical", or "suspicious for malignancy" were selected for analysis when histologic biopsy or over 18 months clinical follow-up was available. Two hundred and ninety-two cases with a diagnosis of "atypical" or "suspicious for malignancy" and adequate follow-up were obtained from the combined data of the four institutions. The percentage malignant for the categories "atypical" and "suspicious for malignancy" were 79.2 and 96.3%, respectively. If the category "atypical" was classified as benign and "suspicious for malignancy" was classified as malignant, the resulting positive predictive value was 96.3 (95% CI: 92.6-98.5) and the negative predictive value 20.8 (95% CI: 13.4-30.0). The categories of "atypical" and "suspicious for malignancy" stratify risk for malignancy in a fashion, which may aid in patient counseling and selection of follow-up protocols. Classification of "suspicious for malignancy" as malignant optimizes diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:292-296. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2014

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an uncommon thyroid tumor that usually behaves aggressively.... more Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an uncommon thyroid tumor that usually behaves aggressively. After resection, serological surveillance for calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is used to prompt a radiographic search for metastatic disease. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with a large liver metastasis 37 years after she underwent thyroidectomy for organ-confined MTC. Her clinical course over that time showed a smoldering pattern in which she was symptom free until presentation even though her serum calcitonin and CEA concentrations were elevated for 17 years, and a small equivocal radiographic lesion in the liver was detected 10 years prior to presentation. Cytopathology from an ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration of the hepatic lesion was diagnostic for metastatic MTC. This case highlights the ability for smoldering residual MTC to suddenly transform to aggressive biological behavior after a long period of clinical remission. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;00:000-000. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 2013

Context.-DNA sequencing is critical to identifying many human genetic disorders caused by DNA mut... more Context.-DNA sequencing is critical to identifying many human genetic disorders caused by DNA mutations, including cancer. Pyrosequencing is less complex, involves fewer steps, and has a superior limit of detection compared with Sanger sequencing. The fundamental basis of pyrosequencing is that pyrophosphate is released when a deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate is added to the end of a nascent strand of DNA. Because deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates are sequentially added to the reaction and because the pyrophosphate concentration is continuously monitored, the DNA sequence can be determined.

The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 1996

... Ostrowski, Mary LMD; Merino, Maria JMD. Article Outline. Collapse Box Author Information. ...... more ... Ostrowski, Mary LMD; Merino, Maria JMD. Article Outline. Collapse Box Author Information. ... Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Mary L. Ostrowski, Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ...

American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 2014

Objectives: BRAF mutations have substantial therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic significance,... more Objectives: BRAF mutations have substantial therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic significance, so detecting and specifying them is an important part of the workload of molecular pathology laboratories. Pyrosequencing assays are well suited for this analysis but can produce complex results. Therefore, we introduce a pyrosequencing lookup table based on Pyromaker that assists the user in generating hypotheses for solving complex pyrosequencing results.

Cancer cytopathology, Jan 29, 2016

According to The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS), the category of atypical urot... more According to The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS), the category of atypical urothelial cells (AUC) should not be applied to specimens in which cellular changes can be entirely attributed to the polyoma (BK) virus cytopathic effect (CPE). Until recently, cases with BK CPE at The Johns Hopkins Hospital were categorized as atypical urothelial cells of uncertain significance (AUC-US), which is equivalent to the TPS AUC category. This study was performed to determine how significantly the rate of AUC-US specimens would decrease if specimens with only BK CPE were classified as benign. Two reviewers and 1 adjudicator re-evaluated urinary tract specimens to determine whether sufficient cytological atypia justified an AUC-US diagnosis independent of the presence of BK CPE. For patients with surgical follow-up, the rate of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) on tissue biopsy was tracked over a 5-year period. The reclassification rate of AUC-US cases with BK CPE as benign w...

Cancer cytopathology, Jan 2, 2015

Adequacy assessment is one of the most controversial and overlooked components in the daily pract... more Adequacy assessment is one of the most controversial and overlooked components in the daily practice of cytopathology, because it is generally determined from limited samples. Because voided urine varies widely in terms of its volume and cellularity, there is little consensus about the proper role for these variables in assessing specimen adequacy. In this study, the authors explored the role of volume in voided urine specimens to determine whether it plays a role in determining adequacy for the detection of high-grade urothelial carcinoma. Voided urine specimens received at the authors' laboratory over the 9.5 years since the introduction of the Johns Hopkins Template for Reporting Urinary Cytopathology were analyzed for correlations between volume, specimen adequacy, and the diagnosis of high-grade malignancy. The same data set also was queried to determine whether a patient who provided a voided low-volume specimen could yield a higher volume specimen and thereby increase ade...

American journal of clinical pathology, 2016

This study aims to determine the minimum pericardial fluid volume necessary for adequate cytologi... more This study aims to determine the minimum pericardial fluid volume necessary for adequate cytologic diagnosis. We identified 480 pericardiocentesis specimens, divided them by volume into six bins, and calculated the malignancy fraction (percentage of malignant diagnoses) for each bin. We then combined bins at various cutoffs to determine a minimum threshold volume and evaluated their sensitivity. The malignancy fraction increased from 6.5% for specimens 10 mL or less to 20.7% for more than 600 mL (P = .03). While the cumulative malignancy fraction was 18.1% above a cutoff of 60 mL, it was 10.6% below this threshold (P = .03). The sensitivity of cytology compared with pericardial biopsy was 70.0% for 60 mL or less and 91.1% for more than 60 mL (P = .14). Small-volume pericardiocentesis specimens detect fewer malignancies and have inferior sensitivity compared with pericardial biopsy. A volume of more than 60 mL should be submitted to cytology to ensure adequate diagnosis of pericardia...

Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, 2014

Introduction There is currently substantial interest in dynamic telecytologydthe presentation of ... more Introduction There is currently substantial interest in dynamic telecytologydthe presentation of microscopic findings by live video feed to a cytopathologist at a remote location. However, the initial costs of a telecytology system can be high. We present several low-cost alternatives along with their performance characteristics. Materials and methods We tested 3 low-cost telecytology systems: a Raspberry Pi with a webcam, an iPhone 4S with FaceTime, and an iPhone 4S with a live streaming app. Costs, resolution capacities, and latency periods for image transmission were determined. Results At $85.55, the Raspberry Pi system is the least expensive telecytology solution described to date. When the cost per megapixel of resolution is considered, the cost of a Raspberry Pi system is 120Â less than the most expensive commercially available option and about 7-fold less than the iPhone-based alternatives. Latency periods were substantially lower for the iPhone systems: 2.5 AE 1 seconds for FaceTime and 2.8 AE 0.3 seconds for iPhone live streaming versus 6.6 AE 0.6 seconds for the Raspberry Pi system at comparable frame rates. Conclusions This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that inexpensive telecytology systems are able to stream live video feeds of cytology slides from a microscope to a remote location at useable resolutions.

Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, 2014

Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, 2012

Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, 2014

Journal of Korean Society of Endocrinology, 2005

Cancer cytopathology, Jan 25, 2012

The current study was conducted to describe the clinical features and presentation, cytomorpholog... more The current study was conducted to describe the clinical features and presentation, cytomorphological characteristics with histological correlation, and prognosis of patients who undergo fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for postradiation sarcoma (PRS). A retrospective review was performed of 13 individual patients who were pooled from the FNA services of 3 academic institutions between 2001 and 2012. Cases were reviewed for the primary tumor, radiation history, latency period, and other distinguishing clinical features. The frequency of the various cytological preparations as well as the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) on this material were reviewed. The cytopathology diagnosis was compared with the resection diagnosis, and the survival time was reviewed. The median age of the patients was 61 years (range, 35 years-94 years) and no significant gender predilection was noted. The median latency period was 11 years (range, 5 years to > 50 years). Patients generally presented with larg...

Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, 2013

ABSTRACT Background Cytologic screening for urothelial carcinoma is fraught with low sensitivity,... more ABSTRACT Background Cytologic screening for urothelial carcinoma is fraught with low sensitivity, a high indeterminate rate, and until recently, poor standardization of terminology. The Johns Hopkins Hospital John K. Frost Cytopathology Laboratory has recently developed and published a template for reporting urine cytopathology; herein we evaluate its interobserver reproducibility. Methods Two sets of 100 cases each were de-identified; each set was reviewed by five of ten observers in a randomized order at the direction of computerized data collection software that tracked observation time as well as observer classification of the atypia - no atypia, atypia (AUC-US), or atypia suggestive of high grade urothelial carcinoma (AUC-H). Specific morphologic features were also recorded. Cases were grouped into low-, intermediate-, and high-agreement based on the number of observers who made the assessment. The findings were correlated against clinical outcomes. Results High agreement among observers about the presence or absence of high-grade features was possible in approximately two-thirds of indeterminate urine cases. Time and order did not factor significantly into observer propensity for identifying atypical features or favoring either AUC-US or AUC-H, and cases with high agreement about the presence of high-grade features were more likely to have a malignant follow-up. Furthermore, AUC-H diagnoses based on two or more high-grade features had a significantly higher malignancy risk than AUC-US diagnoses. Conclusion AUC-H is a valid diagnostic category with specific reproducibly identified features that portend a higher risk of malignancy than the findings of AUC-US.

Acta Cytologica, 2014

Introduction: The thyroid gland is arguably the fastest growing anatomic site for fine needle asp... more Introduction: The thyroid gland is arguably the fastest growing anatomic site for fine needle aspiration (FNA). With the increase of thyroid cases, the re-evaluation of cytotechnologist screening quality metrics in terms of thyroid FNA is becoming apparent. We present our institutional cytotechnologist performance at screening for nuclear atypia by applying the established quality metrics.

Pancreatology, 2013

Solitary fibrous tumors are unusual spindle cell neoplasms that uncommonly originate from the kid... more Solitary fibrous tumors are unusual spindle cell neoplasms that uncommonly originate from the kidney. We report a case of a 43-year old male who presented with acute recurrent pancreatitis secondary to a mass in the head of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was performed. Cytology revealed solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney. This is the first reported case of solitary fibrous tumor metastasizing to the pancreas and presenting as acute recurrent pancreatitis.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2013

Although the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) has standardized the dia... more Although the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) has standardized the diagnostic terminology for thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA), morphological interpretation remains subjective, and interobserver discrepancies are expected. This study quantifies the frequency and magnitude of these discrepancies in a single tertiary center's experience and elucidates key factors that are associated with changes in diagnosis. Institutional consultation for 3885 thyroid cytological samples over 45 months were reviewed. BSRTC classification made by the sending institution was compared with that of our institution. An ANOVA was performed to determine factors that may be associated with interinstitutional diagnostic differences. Histopathology diagnoses were available for 1049 (27%) nodules; the malignancy rates for inside and outside BSRTC classifications were calculated. There were 937 1-step changes and 301 ≥2-step diagnostic discrepancies comprising 24% and 8% of all cases, respectively. Second review decreased the indeterminate rate 38% to 28% (P…

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2014

Endoscopic ultrasound guided (EUS) fine-needle aspiration (FNA) investigation of solid pancreatic... more Endoscopic ultrasound guided (EUS) fine-needle aspiration (FNA) investigation of solid pancreatic lesions has been shown to have good sensitivity and specificity. Many lesions can be definitely classified as benign or malignant but some can only be cytologically classified as "atypical" or "suspicious for malignancy". Risk for malignancy in these indeterminate categories has not been well categorized. The cytology records of four University Medical centers were searched for all EUS guided FNAs of solid pancreatic lesions. All cases with a diagnosis of "atypical", or "suspicious for malignancy" were selected for analysis when histologic biopsy or over 18 months clinical follow-up was available. Two hundred and ninety-two cases with a diagnosis of "atypical" or "suspicious for malignancy" and adequate follow-up were obtained from the combined data of the four institutions. The percentage malignant for the categories "atypical" and "suspicious for malignancy" were 79.2 and 96.3%, respectively. If the category "atypical" was classified as benign and "suspicious for malignancy" was classified as malignant, the resulting positive predictive value was 96.3 (95% CI: 92.6-98.5) and the negative predictive value 20.8 (95% CI: 13.4-30.0). The categories of "atypical" and "suspicious for malignancy" stratify risk for malignancy in a fashion, which may aid in patient counseling and selection of follow-up protocols. Classification of "suspicious for malignancy" as malignant optimizes diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:292-296. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2014

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an uncommon thyroid tumor that usually behaves aggressively.... more Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an uncommon thyroid tumor that usually behaves aggressively. After resection, serological surveillance for calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is used to prompt a radiographic search for metastatic disease. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with a large liver metastasis 37 years after she underwent thyroidectomy for organ-confined MTC. Her clinical course over that time showed a smoldering pattern in which she was symptom free until presentation even though her serum calcitonin and CEA concentrations were elevated for 17 years, and a small equivocal radiographic lesion in the liver was detected 10 years prior to presentation. Cytopathology from an ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration of the hepatic lesion was diagnostic for metastatic MTC. This case highlights the ability for smoldering residual MTC to suddenly transform to aggressive biological behavior after a long period of clinical remission. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;00:000-000. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 2013

Context.-DNA sequencing is critical to identifying many human genetic disorders caused by DNA mut... more Context.-DNA sequencing is critical to identifying many human genetic disorders caused by DNA mutations, including cancer. Pyrosequencing is less complex, involves fewer steps, and has a superior limit of detection compared with Sanger sequencing. The fundamental basis of pyrosequencing is that pyrophosphate is released when a deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate is added to the end of a nascent strand of DNA. Because deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates are sequentially added to the reaction and because the pyrophosphate concentration is continuously monitored, the DNA sequence can be determined.

The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 1996

... Ostrowski, Mary LMD; Merino, Maria JMD. Article Outline. Collapse Box Author Information. ...... more ... Ostrowski, Mary LMD; Merino, Maria JMD. Article Outline. Collapse Box Author Information. ... Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Mary L. Ostrowski, Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ...

American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 2014

Objectives: BRAF mutations have substantial therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic significance,... more Objectives: BRAF mutations have substantial therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic significance, so detecting and specifying them is an important part of the workload of molecular pathology laboratories. Pyrosequencing assays are well suited for this analysis but can produce complex results. Therefore, we introduce a pyrosequencing lookup table based on Pyromaker that assists the user in generating hypotheses for solving complex pyrosequencing results.