Max Cameron - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Max Cameron
Abstract: Crashworthiness ratings measure the relative safety of vehicles in preventing severe in... more Abstract: Crashworthiness ratings measure the relative safety of vehicles in preventing severe injury to their own drivers in crashes whilst aggressivity ratings measure the serious injury risk vehicles pose to drivers of other vehicles with which they collide. ...
This report describes a study undertaken to improve road safety through a fundamentally different... more This report describes a study undertaken to improve road safety through a fundamentally different approach. The study draws on the Swedish Vision Zero road safety philosophy, in which it is ethically unacceptable to trade the lives and health of people in traffic for other benefits in society. The research's main purpose was to develop a model, known here as the Visionary Research Model, to identify research needs and priorities needed to create safe traffic environments. Unlike conventional approaches to traffic safety research and countermeasure programs, which generally result in incremental improvements at best, the Visionary Research Model adopts an ambitious goal of no deaths or serious injuries within the road-transport system. The car/pedestrian conflict situation was chosen to explore and demonstrate the model's potential. From this highly challenging starting point, the model generates new research needs and priorities that will enable a "quantum step" to be taken towards safe traffic environments for pedestrians. The structure of the conceptual model has a pedestrian at the centre of five concentric layers of protection. Collectively, these layers aim to manage crash and injury risk so as to avoid death or serious injury to the pedestrian in traffic. The five layers target various forms of threat to the pedestrian. The protective layers seek to: avoid collisions in which the biomechanical limits of humans to violent forces are exceeded; manage the transfer of kinetic energy from car to pedestrian at impact; minimise the amount of kinetic energy at impact; minimise the risk of a crash for a given level of exposure; and minimise the risk of a crash as a function of exposure. The model's conceptual structure challenges researchers and practitioners, encourages innovation and evidence-based assessment of risk, as well as consideration of the full sequence of events in a situation of conflict between a car and a pedestrian. Though well developed in its conceptual form, the Visionary Research Model requires further research and development of its mathematical capability to enable changes in risk as a result of countermeasure application to be quantified. The model is believed to be of generic form and, therefore, suited to other categories of serious trauma, such as vehicle-to-vehicle crashes at intersections and single-vehicle crashes with roadside hazards.
The objective of this project was to provide a scientific base for the development of a safety ca... more The objective of this project was to provide a scientific base for the development of a safety camera strategy that will:
The effectiveness of speed enforcement programs in Victoria has been the subject of a significant... more The effectiveness of speed enforcement programs in Victoria has been the subject of a significant volume of research conducted by the Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC). This report provides a coherent review of MUARC's speed enforcement research to date and highlights the enforcement principles established by the research. The report also examines the practical implications of the research for future enforcement operations.
Journal of Crash Prevention and Injury Control, 1999
Page 1. J. Crash Pr~VOJtion and Injury Comrol, Vol. 1(2), pp. 129-141 Reprints available directly... more Page 1. J. Crash Pr~VOJtion and Injury Comrol, Vol. 1(2), pp. 129-141 Reprints available directly from the publisher Photocopying permitted by license only o 1999 OPA (Overseas Publisbcn Association) NV Published by Iic ...
... VICTORIAN SPEED-RELATED PACKAGE by Angelo D'Elia Stuart Newstead ... Date ISBN Pages 267... more ... VICTORIAN SPEED-RELATED PACKAGE by Angelo D'Elia Stuart Newstead ... Date ISBN Pages 267 July 2007 0 7326 2337 5 44 Title: Overall Impact During 2001-2004 of Victorian Speed-Related Package Author(s): Angelo D'Elia, Stuart Newstead and Max Cameron ...
This report describes the characteristics of crashes involving bicycles and motor vehicles and wa... more This report describes the characteristics of crashes involving bicycles and motor vehicles and was based on data on police reported crashes in Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia and South Australia during 2000-2004.
REPORT, 2003
The effectiveness of speed enforcement programs in Victoria has been the subject of a significant... more The effectiveness of speed enforcement programs in Victoria has been the subject of a significant volume of research conducted by the Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC). This report provides a coherent review of MUARC's speed enforcement research to date and highlights the enforcement principles established by the research. The report also examines the practical implications of the research for future enforcement operations.
Monash University …, 1997
Steering Group VICROADS Prof. P. Vulcan (MUARC) 60 Denmark St Ms P. Rogerson (VICROADS) KEW 3101 ... more Steering Group VICROADS Prof. P. Vulcan (MUARC) 60 Denmark St Ms P. Rogerson (VICROADS) KEW 3101 AUSTRALIA Abstract
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 1994
The paper reviews the published vehicle safety ratings based on mass crash data from the United S... more The paper reviews the published vehicle safety ratings based on mass crash data from the United States, Sweden, and Great Britain. It then describes the development of vehicle crashworthiness ratings based on injury compensation claims and police accident reports from Victoria and New South Wales, the two most populous states in Australia. Crashworthiness was measured by a combination of injury severity (of injured drivers) and injury risk (of drivers involved in crashes). Injury severity was based on 22,600 drivers injured in crashes in the two states. Injury risk was based on 70,900 drivers in New South Wales involved in crashes after which a vehicle was towed away. Injury risk measured in this way was compared with the "relative injury risk" of particular model cars involved in two car crashes in Victoria (where essentially only casualty crashes are reported), which was based on the method developed by Folksam Insurance in Sweden from Evans' double-pair comparison method. The results include crashworthiness ratings for the makes and models crashing in Australia in sufficient numbers to measure their crash performance adequately. The ratings were normalised for the driver sex and speed limit at the crash location, the two factors found to be strongly related to injury risk and/or severity and to vary substantially across makes and models of Australian crash-involved cars. This allows differences in crashworthiness of individual models to be seen, uncontaminated by major crash exposure differences.
Abstract: Crashworthiness ratings measure the relative safety of vehicles in preventing severe in... more Abstract: Crashworthiness ratings measure the relative safety of vehicles in preventing severe injury to their own drivers in crashes whilst aggressivity ratings measure the serious injury risk vehicles pose to drivers of other vehicles with which they collide. ...
This report describes a study undertaken to improve road safety through a fundamentally different... more This report describes a study undertaken to improve road safety through a fundamentally different approach. The study draws on the Swedish Vision Zero road safety philosophy, in which it is ethically unacceptable to trade the lives and health of people in traffic for other benefits in society. The research's main purpose was to develop a model, known here as the Visionary Research Model, to identify research needs and priorities needed to create safe traffic environments. Unlike conventional approaches to traffic safety research and countermeasure programs, which generally result in incremental improvements at best, the Visionary Research Model adopts an ambitious goal of no deaths or serious injuries within the road-transport system. The car/pedestrian conflict situation was chosen to explore and demonstrate the model's potential. From this highly challenging starting point, the model generates new research needs and priorities that will enable a "quantum step" to be taken towards safe traffic environments for pedestrians. The structure of the conceptual model has a pedestrian at the centre of five concentric layers of protection. Collectively, these layers aim to manage crash and injury risk so as to avoid death or serious injury to the pedestrian in traffic. The five layers target various forms of threat to the pedestrian. The protective layers seek to: avoid collisions in which the biomechanical limits of humans to violent forces are exceeded; manage the transfer of kinetic energy from car to pedestrian at impact; minimise the amount of kinetic energy at impact; minimise the risk of a crash for a given level of exposure; and minimise the risk of a crash as a function of exposure. The model's conceptual structure challenges researchers and practitioners, encourages innovation and evidence-based assessment of risk, as well as consideration of the full sequence of events in a situation of conflict between a car and a pedestrian. Though well developed in its conceptual form, the Visionary Research Model requires further research and development of its mathematical capability to enable changes in risk as a result of countermeasure application to be quantified. The model is believed to be of generic form and, therefore, suited to other categories of serious trauma, such as vehicle-to-vehicle crashes at intersections and single-vehicle crashes with roadside hazards.
The objective of this project was to provide a scientific base for the development of a safety ca... more The objective of this project was to provide a scientific base for the development of a safety camera strategy that will:
The effectiveness of speed enforcement programs in Victoria has been the subject of a significant... more The effectiveness of speed enforcement programs in Victoria has been the subject of a significant volume of research conducted by the Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC). This report provides a coherent review of MUARC's speed enforcement research to date and highlights the enforcement principles established by the research. The report also examines the practical implications of the research for future enforcement operations.
Journal of Crash Prevention and Injury Control, 1999
Page 1. J. Crash Pr~VOJtion and Injury Comrol, Vol. 1(2), pp. 129-141 Reprints available directly... more Page 1. J. Crash Pr~VOJtion and Injury Comrol, Vol. 1(2), pp. 129-141 Reprints available directly from the publisher Photocopying permitted by license only o 1999 OPA (Overseas Publisbcn Association) NV Published by Iic ...
... VICTORIAN SPEED-RELATED PACKAGE by Angelo D'Elia Stuart Newstead ... Date ISBN Pages 267... more ... VICTORIAN SPEED-RELATED PACKAGE by Angelo D'Elia Stuart Newstead ... Date ISBN Pages 267 July 2007 0 7326 2337 5 44 Title: Overall Impact During 2001-2004 of Victorian Speed-Related Package Author(s): Angelo D'Elia, Stuart Newstead and Max Cameron ...
This report describes the characteristics of crashes involving bicycles and motor vehicles and wa... more This report describes the characteristics of crashes involving bicycles and motor vehicles and was based on data on police reported crashes in Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia and South Australia during 2000-2004.
REPORT, 2003
The effectiveness of speed enforcement programs in Victoria has been the subject of a significant... more The effectiveness of speed enforcement programs in Victoria has been the subject of a significant volume of research conducted by the Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC). This report provides a coherent review of MUARC's speed enforcement research to date and highlights the enforcement principles established by the research. The report also examines the practical implications of the research for future enforcement operations.
Monash University …, 1997
Steering Group VICROADS Prof. P. Vulcan (MUARC) 60 Denmark St Ms P. Rogerson (VICROADS) KEW 3101 ... more Steering Group VICROADS Prof. P. Vulcan (MUARC) 60 Denmark St Ms P. Rogerson (VICROADS) KEW 3101 AUSTRALIA Abstract
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 1994
The paper reviews the published vehicle safety ratings based on mass crash data from the United S... more The paper reviews the published vehicle safety ratings based on mass crash data from the United States, Sweden, and Great Britain. It then describes the development of vehicle crashworthiness ratings based on injury compensation claims and police accident reports from Victoria and New South Wales, the two most populous states in Australia. Crashworthiness was measured by a combination of injury severity (of injured drivers) and injury risk (of drivers involved in crashes). Injury severity was based on 22,600 drivers injured in crashes in the two states. Injury risk was based on 70,900 drivers in New South Wales involved in crashes after which a vehicle was towed away. Injury risk measured in this way was compared with the "relative injury risk" of particular model cars involved in two car crashes in Victoria (where essentially only casualty crashes are reported), which was based on the method developed by Folksam Insurance in Sweden from Evans' double-pair comparison method. The results include crashworthiness ratings for the makes and models crashing in Australia in sufficient numbers to measure their crash performance adequately. The ratings were normalised for the driver sex and speed limit at the crash location, the two factors found to be strongly related to injury risk and/or severity and to vary substantially across makes and models of Australian crash-involved cars. This allows differences in crashworthiness of individual models to be seen, uncontaminated by major crash exposure differences.