D. McCartan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by D. McCartan

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of antipsychotic medication on latent inhibition and other measures of cognition : studies in healthy volunteers and people with schizophrenia

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN064076 / BLDSC - British Library Do... more Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN064076 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Research paper thumbnail of Does Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy Improve Symptoms of ADHD in Adults?

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With ADHD

Journal of Attention Disorders, 2009

Objective: A brief cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) group intervention was designed to treat co... more Objective: A brief cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) group intervention was designed to treat comorbid anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem and self-efficacy in adults with ADHD. It was hypothesised that participants would gain knowledge about ADHD, experience a reduction in comorbid symptoms, and benefit from the supportive aspect of group treatment. Method: Participants in the study formed a CBT treatment group that attended six workshops and a waiting list control group. The intervention was evaluated with measures assessing knowledge about ADHD, psychological symptoms, and support received. The groups were compared using repeated measures ANOVAs. Results: The CBT group had significantly greater improvement on measures of knowledge about ADHD, self-efficacy, and self-esteem than the control group. Participants' evaluations of the sessions suggested that sharing personal experiences with other adults with ADHD was an important aspect of the intervention. Conclusion: Brief...

Research paper thumbnail of The differential effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol on latent inhibition in healthy volunteers

Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2001

Latent inhibition (LI) is a measure of reduced learning about a stimulus to which there has been ... more Latent inhibition (LI) is a measure of reduced learning about a stimulus to which there has been prior exposure without any consequence. It therefore requires a comparison between a pre-exposed (PE) and a non-pre-exposed (NPE) condition. Since, in animals, LI is disrupted by amphetamines and enhanced by antipsychotics, LI disruption has been proposed as a measure of the characteristic attentional deficit in schizophrenia: the inability to ignore irrelevant stimuli. The findings in humans are, however, inconsistent. In particular, a recent investigation suggested that since haloperidol disrupted LI in healthy volunteers, and LI was normal in non-medicated patients with schizophrenia, the previous findings in schizophrenic patients were entirely due to the negative effects of their medication on LI (Williams et al., 1998). We conducted two studies of antipsychotic drug effects on auditory LI using a within-subject, parallel group design in healthy volunteers. In the first of these, single doses of haloperidol (1 mg. i.v.) were compared with paroxetine (20 mg p.o.) and placebo, and in the second, chlorpromazine (100 mg p.o.) was compared with lorazepam (2 mg. p.o.) and placebo. Eye movements, neuropsychological test performance (spatial working memory (SWM), Tower of London and intra/extra dimensional shift, from the CANTAB test battery) and visual analogue rating scales, were also included as other measures of attention and frontal lobe function. Haloperidol was associated with a non-significant reduction in LI scores, and dysphoria/akathisia (Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale) in three-quarters of the subjects. The LI finding may be explained by increased distractibility which was indicated by an increase in antisaccade directional errors in this group. In contrast, LI was significantly increased by chlorpromazine but not by an equally sedative dose of lorazepam (both drugs causing marked decreases in peak saccadic velocity). Paroxetine had no effect on LI, eye movements or CANTAB neuropsychological test performance. Haloperidol was associated with impaired SWM, which correlated with the degree of dysphoria/akathisia, but no other drug effects on CANTAB measures were detected. We conclude that the effect of antipsychotics on LI is both modality and pharmacologically dependent and that further research using a wider range of antipsychotic compounds is necessary to clarify the cognitive effects of these drugs, and to determine whether there are important differences between them.

Research paper thumbnail of Serum S100B as a Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Breast Cancer

Research paper thumbnail of The Development Of Adam22 As A Predictive Marker For Endocrine Resistant Breast Cancer And An Lgi1 Mimetic As A Companion Therapeutic

Research paper thumbnail of Abstract P6-04-01: Global analysis of breast cancer metastasis suggests cellular reprogramming is central to the endocrine resistant phenotype

Research paper thumbnail of Differential drug effects on latent inhibition in healthy volunteers

Schizophrenia Research, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Interaction of Developmental Transcription Factor HOXC11 with Steroid Receptor Coactivator SRC-1 Mediates Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer

Cancer Research, 2010

Mechanisms of acquired resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer, a major clinical challen... more Mechanisms of acquired resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer, a major clinical challenge, are poorly understood. We have used a mass spectrometry-based screen to identify proteins that are associated with the endocrine-resistant phenotype. In this study, we report the identification of a novel pathway of resistance to endocrine therapy involving interactions of the developmental transcription HOXC11 with the steroid receptor coactivator protein SRC-1, which is a strong predictor of reduced disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. HOXC11 and SRC-1 cooperate to regulate expression of the calcium-binding protein S100beta in resistant breast cancer cells. Nuclear HOXC11 and S100beta were found to strongly predict poor disease-free survival in breast cancer patients (n = 560; hazard ratios: 5.79 and 5.82, respectively; P < 0.0001). Elevated serum levels of S100beta detected in patients also predicted reduced disease-free survival (n = 80; hazard ratio: 5.3; P = 0.004). Our findings define a biomolecular interaction network that drives an adaptive response to endocrine therapy with negative consequences for survival in breast cancer.

Research paper thumbnail of Developmental protein HOXC11 cooperates with SRC-1 in breast cancer: an adaptive response to endocrine therapy

Breast Cancer Research, 2010

not available at time of publication.

Research paper thumbnail of The differential effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol on latent inhibition in healthy volunteers

Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2001

Latent inhibition (LI) refers to the decrease in learning about a stimulus to which there has bee... more Latent inhibition (LI) refers to the decrease in learning about a stimulus to which there has been prior exposure without any consequence. Following initial studies in animals and hyperactive children, loss of LI was proposed as a model of the attentional deficit in schizophrenia, i.e. the inability to ignore irrelevant information (Lubow et al., 1982). The case was strengthened by the finding that LI was disrupted by amphetamine and restored by antipsychotics in animals, was mediated by dopaminergic systems, and was impaired in acute but not chronic schizophrenic patients .

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of antipsychotic medication on latent inhibition and other measures of cognition : studies in healthy volunteers and people with schizophrenia

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN064076 / BLDSC - British Library Do... more Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN064076 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Research paper thumbnail of Does Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy Improve Symptoms of ADHD in Adults?

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With ADHD

Journal of Attention Disorders, 2009

Objective: A brief cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) group intervention was designed to treat co... more Objective: A brief cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) group intervention was designed to treat comorbid anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem and self-efficacy in adults with ADHD. It was hypothesised that participants would gain knowledge about ADHD, experience a reduction in comorbid symptoms, and benefit from the supportive aspect of group treatment. Method: Participants in the study formed a CBT treatment group that attended six workshops and a waiting list control group. The intervention was evaluated with measures assessing knowledge about ADHD, psychological symptoms, and support received. The groups were compared using repeated measures ANOVAs. Results: The CBT group had significantly greater improvement on measures of knowledge about ADHD, self-efficacy, and self-esteem than the control group. Participants' evaluations of the sessions suggested that sharing personal experiences with other adults with ADHD was an important aspect of the intervention. Conclusion: Brief...

Research paper thumbnail of The differential effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol on latent inhibition in healthy volunteers

Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2001

Latent inhibition (LI) is a measure of reduced learning about a stimulus to which there has been ... more Latent inhibition (LI) is a measure of reduced learning about a stimulus to which there has been prior exposure without any consequence. It therefore requires a comparison between a pre-exposed (PE) and a non-pre-exposed (NPE) condition. Since, in animals, LI is disrupted by amphetamines and enhanced by antipsychotics, LI disruption has been proposed as a measure of the characteristic attentional deficit in schizophrenia: the inability to ignore irrelevant stimuli. The findings in humans are, however, inconsistent. In particular, a recent investigation suggested that since haloperidol disrupted LI in healthy volunteers, and LI was normal in non-medicated patients with schizophrenia, the previous findings in schizophrenic patients were entirely due to the negative effects of their medication on LI (Williams et al., 1998). We conducted two studies of antipsychotic drug effects on auditory LI using a within-subject, parallel group design in healthy volunteers. In the first of these, single doses of haloperidol (1 mg. i.v.) were compared with paroxetine (20 mg p.o.) and placebo, and in the second, chlorpromazine (100 mg p.o.) was compared with lorazepam (2 mg. p.o.) and placebo. Eye movements, neuropsychological test performance (spatial working memory (SWM), Tower of London and intra/extra dimensional shift, from the CANTAB test battery) and visual analogue rating scales, were also included as other measures of attention and frontal lobe function. Haloperidol was associated with a non-significant reduction in LI scores, and dysphoria/akathisia (Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale) in three-quarters of the subjects. The LI finding may be explained by increased distractibility which was indicated by an increase in antisaccade directional errors in this group. In contrast, LI was significantly increased by chlorpromazine but not by an equally sedative dose of lorazepam (both drugs causing marked decreases in peak saccadic velocity). Paroxetine had no effect on LI, eye movements or CANTAB neuropsychological test performance. Haloperidol was associated with impaired SWM, which correlated with the degree of dysphoria/akathisia, but no other drug effects on CANTAB measures were detected. We conclude that the effect of antipsychotics on LI is both modality and pharmacologically dependent and that further research using a wider range of antipsychotic compounds is necessary to clarify the cognitive effects of these drugs, and to determine whether there are important differences between them.

Research paper thumbnail of Serum S100B as a Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Breast Cancer

Research paper thumbnail of The Development Of Adam22 As A Predictive Marker For Endocrine Resistant Breast Cancer And An Lgi1 Mimetic As A Companion Therapeutic

Research paper thumbnail of Abstract P6-04-01: Global analysis of breast cancer metastasis suggests cellular reprogramming is central to the endocrine resistant phenotype

Research paper thumbnail of Differential drug effects on latent inhibition in healthy volunteers

Schizophrenia Research, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Interaction of Developmental Transcription Factor HOXC11 with Steroid Receptor Coactivator SRC-1 Mediates Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer

Cancer Research, 2010

Mechanisms of acquired resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer, a major clinical challen... more Mechanisms of acquired resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer, a major clinical challenge, are poorly understood. We have used a mass spectrometry-based screen to identify proteins that are associated with the endocrine-resistant phenotype. In this study, we report the identification of a novel pathway of resistance to endocrine therapy involving interactions of the developmental transcription HOXC11 with the steroid receptor coactivator protein SRC-1, which is a strong predictor of reduced disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. HOXC11 and SRC-1 cooperate to regulate expression of the calcium-binding protein S100beta in resistant breast cancer cells. Nuclear HOXC11 and S100beta were found to strongly predict poor disease-free survival in breast cancer patients (n = 560; hazard ratios: 5.79 and 5.82, respectively; P < 0.0001). Elevated serum levels of S100beta detected in patients also predicted reduced disease-free survival (n = 80; hazard ratio: 5.3; P = 0.004). Our findings define a biomolecular interaction network that drives an adaptive response to endocrine therapy with negative consequences for survival in breast cancer.

Research paper thumbnail of Developmental protein HOXC11 cooperates with SRC-1 in breast cancer: an adaptive response to endocrine therapy

Breast Cancer Research, 2010

not available at time of publication.

Research paper thumbnail of The differential effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol on latent inhibition in healthy volunteers

Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2001

Latent inhibition (LI) refers to the decrease in learning about a stimulus to which there has bee... more Latent inhibition (LI) refers to the decrease in learning about a stimulus to which there has been prior exposure without any consequence. Following initial studies in animals and hyperactive children, loss of LI was proposed as a model of the attentional deficit in schizophrenia, i.e. the inability to ignore irrelevant information (Lubow et al., 1982). The case was strengthened by the finding that LI was disrupted by amphetamine and restored by antipsychotics in animals, was mediated by dopaminergic systems, and was impaired in acute but not chronic schizophrenic patients .