Md Kamal Hosain - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Md Kamal Hosain

Plasmon eignevalues as a function of nano-spheroids size and elongation

2012 ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering (CME), 2012

ABSTRACT In this paper, the effects of silver nano-spheroid size and elongation on plasmon wavele... more ABSTRACT In this paper, the effects of silver nano-spheroid size and elongation on plasmon wavelength are investigated, and the plasmon eigenvalues are formulated as a function of the radius and aspect ratio of the nano-particles. These can be used in eigenmode plasmonic interaction method to study interaction of nano-particles on each other at dipole resonance frequencies.. It is demonstrated that plasmon eigenvalues are partially linear with respect to radius and aspect ratio of the nano-spheroids. In addition, it is shown that the maximum enhancement occurs in the direction of the polarization angle.

Neurology Research International

As a noninvasive neuromodulation technique, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has already e... more As a noninvasive neuromodulation technique, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has already exhibited a great impact in clinical application and scientific research. This study presents a finite element method-based simulation of the Halo-V assembly (HVA) coil placed on the five-shell spherical human head model to examine the distributions of induced electric and magnetic fields. The performance of the designed HVA coil is evaluated by comparing the simulation results with the commercially available Halo-FO8 (HFA) assembly coil and standard single coils including the Halo and V coils. The simulation results indicate that the HVA coil shows an improved focality in terms of electric field distribution than the other single and assembly stimulation coils. Additionally, the effects of a magnetic shield plate and magnetic core on the designed HVA coil are investigated. Results indicate that the magnetic shield plate and magnetic core are proficient in further improving the stimulatio...

Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, 2013

This paper presents a compact planar dipole antenna and an investigation of the interaction of th... more This paper presents a compact planar dipole antenna and an investigation of the interaction of the antenna used in a head-mountable passive deep brain stimulation device and a rat model in two aspects: functional and biological. The functional aspect examines the influence of the rat model on the antenna parameters including refection coefficient, efficiency, and radiation pattern whereas the biological aspect examines the impact of the antenna on the rat model in terms of specific absorption rate, and electromagnetic field distribution. The investigation is carried out with the aid of rat models and a planar dipole antenna which receives the RF energy at 915 MHz for supplying power to a passive DBS device. Both the analytical and simulation results are presented and discussed. The simulation results are obtained by using the electromagnetic simulation software XFdtd. The simulated results show that the complete rat model has more influence on the antenna performance than the rat head model. The electromagnetic power absorption in biological tissues of the rat model depends on the gap distance between the antenna and the position of tissue, and the dielectric properties of the tissues. The maximum electric field value is obtained in the skull of the rat head model, and in the slice of the skull in the complete rat model. The highest 1 g average SAR value for the rat head model is 60 W/kg whereas that for the complete rat model is 101.45 W/kg for the received power of 1W at the antenna terminal.

IEEE Access

This article proposes a deep neural network (DNN) model to predict the electric field induced by ... more This article proposes a deep neural network (DNN) model to predict the electric field induced by a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil under high-amplitude and low-frequency current pulse conditions. The DNN model is comprised of an input layer with 6 neurons, three non-linear hidden layers with a total of 1088 neurons, and a linear single output layer. The model is developed in Google Colaboratory environment with TensorFlow framework using six features including coil turns of single wing, coil thickness, coil diameter, distance between two wings, distance between head and coil position, and angle between two wings of coil as the inputs and electric field as the output. The model performance is evaluated based on four verification statistic metrics such as coefficient of determination (R 2), mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) between the simulated and predicted values. The proposed model provides an adequate performance with R 2 = 0.766, MSE = 0.184, MAE = 0.262, and RMSE = 0.429 in the testing stage. Therefore, the model can successfully predict the electric field in an assembly TMS coil without the aid of electromagnetic simulation software that suffers from an extensive computational cost.

Asemd 2011 Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011

The growth rate of cultured mammalian cells can be influenced by chemical and physical methods su... more The growth rate of cultured mammalian cells can be influenced by chemical and physical methods such as electromagnetic fields (EMF), light, temperature and plasma. These physical methods have a number of well documented effects on mammalian cells including modification of gene expression, cell cycle, invasion, motility, cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and mammosphere numbers. A study of the existing literature confirms that the impact of physical method on mammalian cells depends on the cell type, culture environment, exposure time, frequency, wave shape, and amount of dose. The modification of cell proliferation and apoptosis is necessary for cells products, tissue engineering, and therapy. In this article, we reviewed the impact of four physical methods on the growth rate and viability of cells. Plasma is the best method among fours because we can get desired result ranging from increasing cell proliferation to inducing apoptosis depending on the dose.

Analysis of droplet mixing and splitting operations by a low actuation voltage electrowetting-on-dielectric device

2014 4th International Conference on Engineering Technology and Technopreneuship (ICE2T), 2014

ABSTRACT EWOD)-based droplet mixing and splitting device. In the proposed method, the droplet is ... more ABSTRACT EWOD)-based droplet mixing and splitting device. In the proposed method, the droplet is sandwiched between the bottom and top substrate plates of the EWOD device. A dielectric layer of Parylene C and a thin coating of a hydrophobic Teflon layer are used to create the EWOD device. The device actuates the droplets by applying an electric potential and thus increases the wettability of the droplet on the EWOD surface. The Finite Element Method (FEM) based Coventorware software is used to accomplish the simulations

2013 ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering, 2013

A circular planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is designed and simulated at the industrial, scientif... more A circular planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is designed and simulated at the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band of 915 MHz for energy harvesting in a headmountable deep brain stimulation device. Moreover, a rectifier is designed, and also the interaction of the PIFA with a rat head model is investigated. In the proposed PIFA, the top radiating layer is meandered, and a substrate of FR-4 is used. The radius and the height of the antenna are 10 mm and 1.8 mm, respectively. The bottom conductive layer works as a ground plate, and a superstrate of polyethylene reduces the electromagnetic penetration into the rat head. The resonance frequency of the designed antenna is 915 MHz with a bandwidth of 18 MHz at the return loss of 10 dB in free space. The antenna parameters (e.g. reflection coefficient, gain, radiation efficiency), electric field distribution, and SAR value are evaluated within a seven-layer rat head model by using the finite difference time domain EM simulation software XFdtd. The interactions of the antenna and the rat head model are studied in both functional and biological aspects.

Design and analysis of efficient rectifiers for wireless power harvesting in DBS devices

2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2013

ABSTRACT This paper presents an analysis of optimum rectifier circuits for wireless energy harves... more ABSTRACT This paper presents an analysis of optimum rectifier circuits for wireless energy harvesting in deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices. Since DBS demands compact and low power consumption devices, small, high conversion efficient, and high output voltage rectifiers need to be developed. The investigation that is presented in this paper is analytical and simulated based. Analysis on a variety of circuit configurations brings more evidence to improve the performance of rectifiers. Analytical parameters influencing the output DC voltage and the efficiency of the rectifiers are described. The operating frequency of the 915 MHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio band is used in this study. The maximum conversion efficiency of the LC matched half wave rectifier, the Greinacher voltage doubler, the Delon doubler, and the 2-stage voltage multiplier is obtained as 56.34%, 74.45%, 71.48%, and 31.44%, respectively, at the 30 dBm input power level. The corresponding maximum output DC voltages are 6.27 V, 16.83 V, 13.36 V, and 9.20 V. Thus the Greinacher voltage doubler is deemed as the best configuration according to the conversion efficiency and the output voltage measurements.

Design and analysis of an antenna for batteryless transcranial direct current stimulation devices

2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB), 2013

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to design a low-cost planar Archimedean dipole antenna for ... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to design a low-cost planar Archimedean dipole antenna for batteryless transcranial direct current stimulation devices. The antenna parameters including resonance frequency, radiation efficiency, radiation pattern, and gain are simulated using finite difference time domain based electromagnetic simulation software XFdtd. The proposed antenna is simulated with low-cost FR4 PCB substrate of thickness of 1.6 mm. The antenna is designed with half wavelength of resonant frequency and fed with a matching line. The target frequency band is the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band of 915 MHz which is in the simulated band width of 31 MHz (903-934MHz). Moreover, since the bio-effect of specific absorption rate by radio frequency electromagnetic wave for power harvesting is an important concern, we try to find out the safety limit. Thus a quantitative analysis of distributions of electric field and power absorption in anatomical human head model by the far field radio frequency energy received by our designed antenna has been presented.

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2010

In this paper, normalized least mean (NLMS) square and recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive cha... more In this paper, normalized least mean (NLMS) square and recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive channel estimator are described for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. These CE methods uses adaptive estimator which are able to update parameters of the estimator continuously, so that the knowledge of channel and noise statistics are not necessary. This NLMS/RLS CE algorithm requires knowledge of the received signal only. Simulation results demonstrated that the RLS CE method has better performances compared NLMS CE method for MIMO OFDM systems. In addition, the utilizing of more multiple antennas at the transmitter and/or receiver provides a much higher performance compared with fewer antennas. Furthermore, the RLS CE algorithm provides faster convergence rate compared to NLMS CE method. Therefore, in order to combat the more channel dynamics, the RLS CE algorithm is better to use for MIMO OFDM systems.

Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Mammalian Cells

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2012

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2011

In this paper, MIMO is paired up with OFDM to improve the performance of wireless transmission sy... more In this paper, MIMO is paired up with OFDM to improve the performance of wireless transmission systems. Multiple antennas are employed both at the transmitting as well as receiving ends. The performance of an OFDM system is measured, considering multipath delay spread, channel noise, Rayleigh fading channel and distortion. In this paper, bits are generated and then mapped with modulation schemes such as QPSK, 8PSK, and QAM. Then, the mapped data is divided into blocks of 120 modulated data where a training sequence of the data is inserted both at the beginning and ending parts of the block. The equalization is used to determine the variation to the rest of data. The singular value decomposition (SVD) and water filling algorithm have been employed to measure the performance of the MIMO-OFDM integrated systems. Therefore, the capacity is increased by transmitting different streams of data through different antennas at a same carrier frequency. Any intersymbol interference (ISI) produced after the transmission is recovered by using spatial sampling integrated with the signal processing algorithm. Furthermore, the performance remains the same with different combinations of transmitting and receiving antennas.

Design and analysis of an antenna for wireless energy harvesting in a head-mountable DBS device

This paper presents design and simulation of a circular meander dipole antenna at the industrial,... more This paper presents design and simulation of a circular meander dipole antenna at the industrial, scientific, and medical band of 915 MHz for energy scavenging in a passive head-mountable deep brain stimulation device. The interaction of the proposed antenna with a rat body is modeled and discussed. In the antenna, the radiating layer is meandered, and a FR-4 substrate is used to limit the radius and height of the antenna to 14 mm and 1.60 mm, respectively. The resonance frequency of the designed antenna is 915 MHz and the bandwidth of 15 MHz at a return loss of -10 dB in free space. To model the interaction of the antenna with a rat body, two aspects including functional and biological are considered. The functional aspect includes input impedance, resonance frequency, gain pattern, radiation efficiency of the antenna, and the biological aspect involves electric field distribution, and SAR value. A complete rat model is used in the finite difference time domain based EM simulation software XFdtd. The simulated results demonstrate that the specific absorption rate distributions occur within the skull in the rat model, and their values are higher than the standard regulated values for the antenna receiving power of 1W.

Design of a miniature UHF PIFA for DBS implants

ABSTRACT This paper presents design and simulation of a miniature rectangular spiral planar inver... more ABSTRACT This paper presents design and simulation of a miniature rectangular spiral planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) at UHF RFID band (902.75 - 927.25 MHz) for integration in batteryless deep brain stimulation implants. Operation in the UHF band offers small antenna size and longer transmission range. The proposed antenna has the dimensions of 10 mm × 11.5 mm × 1.6 mm, resonance frequency of 920 MHz with a bandwidth of 18 MHz at return loss of -10 dB. A dielectric substrate of FR-4 of εr = 4.5 and δ = 0.018 with thickness of 1.5644 mm is used in this design. The resonance, radiation characteristics as well as the specific absorption rate distribution induced by the designed antenna within a four layer spherical head model is evaluated by using electromagnetic modeling software which employs the finite element method.

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2011

This paper present simple, slim, low cost and high gain circular patch and rectangular patch micr... more This paper present simple, slim, low cost and high gain circular patch and rectangular patch microstrip array antenna, with the details steps of design process, operate in Xband(8 GHz to 12 GHz) and it provides a mean to choose the effective one based on the performance analysis of both of these array antennas. The method of analysis, design and development of these array antennas are explained completely here and analyses are carried out for 4x2 arrays. The simulation has been performed by using commercially available antenna simulator, SONNET version V12.56, to compute the current distribution, return loss response and radiation pattern. The proposed antennas are designed by using Taconic TLY-5 dielectric substrate with permittivity, ε r = 2.2 and height, h =1.588 mm. In all cases we get return losses in the range -4.96 dB to -25.21 dB at frequencies around 10 GHz. The gain of these antennas as simulated are found above 6 dB and side lobe label is maintained lower than main lobe. Operating frequency of these antennas is 10 GHz so these antennas are suitable for X-band application.

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2011

Multi-conductor transmission line and interconnect carry signals with wide rage of frequencies fr... more Multi-conductor transmission line and interconnect carry signals with wide rage of frequencies from sending end to receiving end. The signal in one transmission line may be interupted by the unwanted contributions from the neighboring line conductors. If data speed increases, high frequency effects occur and the signals suffer from difficulties such as ringing, crosstalk, reflections, and ground bounce that seriously hamper the quality of the received signal. In order to estimate the signal quality, signal integrity analysis is needed. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the sensitivity of the near and far end crosstalk on the parameters such as physical geometry of the conductors, electrical property of the substrate and the rise and fall time of excitation signal. The method of moments (MOM) is used to calculate the line parameters for different geometries. The simulation studies are carried out in TNT. The time domain and frequency domain analyses are performed using transmission line model of PSPICE. Moreover, a model is developed and tested in the laboratory. It is observed that the coupling inductance and capacitance vary with the variation of physical geometry and the substrate parameter.

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2011

To compete with the international market place, it is crucial for hotel industry to be able to co... more To compete with the international market place, it is crucial for hotel industry to be able to continually improve its services for tourism. In order to construct an electronic marketplace (e-market), it is an inherent requirement to build a correct architecture with a proper approach of an intelligent systems embedded on it. This paper introduces a web based intelligent that helps in maintaining a hotel by reducing the immediate involvement of manpower. The hotel reception policy, room facilities and intelligent personalization promotion are the main focuses of this paper. An intelligent search for existing boarders as well as room availability is incorporated in the system. For each of the facilities, a flow chart has been developed which confirms the techniques and relevant devices used in the system. By studying several scenarios, the paper outlines a number of techniques for realization of the intelligent hotel management system. Special attention is paid to the security and also prevention of power and water wastages. In this power saving scenery, an image processing approach is taken to detect the presence of any people and the darkness in a particular room. Moreover, this proposed automated computerized scheme also takes an account of the cost advantage. Considering the scarcity of manpower in several countries, the objective of this paper is to initiate the discussion and research for making the proposed systems more commercialized.

IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine, 2014

Design of a rectangular spiral planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) at 915 MHz for wireless power tra... more Design of a rectangular spiral planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) at 915 MHz for wireless power transmission applications is proposed. The antenna and rectifying circuitry form a rectenna, which can produce dc power from a distant radio frequency energy transmitter. The generated dc power is used to operate a low-power deep brain stimulation pulse generator. The proposed antenna has the dimensions of 10 mm × 12.5 mm × 1.5 mm and resonance frequency of 915 MHz with a measured bandwidth of 15 MHz at return loss of −10 dB. A dielectric substrate of FR-4 of ε r = 4.8 and δ = 0.015 with thickness of 1.5 mm is used for both antenna and rectifier circuit simulation and fabrication because of its availability and low cost. An L-section impedance matching circuit is used between the PIFA and voltage doubler rectifier. The impedance matching circuit also works as a low-pass filter for elimination of higher order harmonics. Maximum dc voltage at the rectenna output is 7.5 V in free space and this rectenna can drive a deep brain stimulation pulse generator at a distance of 30 cm from a radio frequency energy transmitter, which transmits power of 26.77 dBm.

Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 2015

A passive deep brain stimulation (DBS) device can be equipped with a rectenna, consisting of an a... more A passive deep brain stimulation (DBS) device can be equipped with a rectenna, consisting of an antenna and a rectifier, to harvest energy from electromagnetic fields for its operation. This paper presents optimization of radio frequency rectifier circuits for wireless energy harvesting in a passive head-mountable DBS device. The aim is to achieve a compact size, high conversion efficiency, and high output voltage rectifier. Four different rectifiers based on the Delon doubler, Greinacher voltage tripler, Delon voltage quadrupler, and 2-stage charge pumped architectures are designed, simulated, fabricated, and evaluated. The design and simulation are conducted using Agilent Genesys at operating frequency of 915 MHz. A dielectric substrate of FR-4 with thickness of 1.6 mm, and surface mount devices (SMD) components are used to fabricate the designed rectifiers. The performance of the fabricated rectifiers is evaluated using a 915 MHz radio frequency (RF) energy source. The maximum measured conversion efficiency of the Delon doubler, Greinacher tripler, Delon quadrupler, and 2-stage charge pumped rectifiers are 78, 75, 73, and 76 % at-5 dBm input power and for load resistances of 5-15 kX. The conversion efficiency of the rectifiers decreases significantly with the increase in the input power level. The Delon doubler rectifier provides the highest efficiency at both-5 and 5 dBm input power levels, whereas the Delon quadrupler rectifier gives the lowest efficiency for the same inputs. By considering both efficiency and DC output voltage, the charge pump rectifier outperforms the other three rectifiers. Accordingly, the optimised 2-stage charge pumped rectifier is used together with an antenna to harvest energy in our DBS device.

Closed loop deep brain stimulation: an evolving technology

Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 2014

Deep brain stimulation is an effective and safe medical treatment for a variety of neurological a... more Deep brain stimulation is an effective and safe medical treatment for a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and treatment resistant obsessive compulsive disorder. A closed loop deep brain stimulation (CLDBS) system automatically adjusts stimulation parameters by the brain response in real time. The CLDBS continues to evolve due to the advancement in the brain stimulation technologies. This paper provides a study on the existing systems developed for CLDBS. It highlights the issues associated with CLDBS systems including feedback signal recording and processing, stimulation parameters setting, control algorithm, wireless telemetry, size, and power consumption. The benefits and limitations of the existing CLDBS systems are also presented. Whilst robust clinical proof of the benefits of the technology remains to be achieved, it has the potential to offer several advantages over open loop DBS. The CLDBS can improve efficiency and efficacy of therapy, eliminate lengthy start-up period for programming and adjustment, provide a personalized treatment, and make parameters setting automatic and adaptive.