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Papers by Md.Najmul Hassan

IEEE Access

Big Data has gained interests in effectively capturing, storing, analysis and visualisation from ... more Big Data has gained interests in effectively capturing, storing, analysis and visualisation from wide range of scientific, economic and business communities and is frequently communicated over internet for various purposes among government and enterprise sectors sited at different locations. Several experiments and analyses have shown that currently employed applications and transport protocols in internet are not suitable for transferring such voluminous data because of not addressing requirements of low-access latency. This paper presents issues associated with the basic mechanism of legacy protocols in the context of high speed networks for transferring Big Data e.g. conservative TCP congestion control mechanism may result in minute utilisation of high bandwidth provisioning networks. We present state-of-art alternatives proposed in the literature to solve these problems in high speed networks. We compare several underlying emerging alternatives of TCP, UDP and multi-TCP-streams protocols over a number of comparison criteria e.g. protocol convergence, responsiveness etc., to handle communication of huge data. We note that these protocol alternatives have significant importance over fulfilling requirements of emerging data-intensive applications in high-speed networks. In addition, we discuss open research issues and challenges that can be explored as a source of motivation towards development and deployment of data-intensive applications in emerging networking technologies. INDEX TERMS TCP variants, UDP variants, high speed networks, long delay networks, congestion control, big data transfer protocols.

IEEE Access

5G is the next generation cellular network that aspires to achieve substantial improvement on qua... more 5G is the next generation cellular network that aspires to achieve substantial improvement on quality of service, such as higher throughput and lower latency. Edge computing is an emerging technology that enables the evolution to 5G by bringing cloud capabilities near to the end users (or user equipment, UEs) in order to overcome the intrinsic problems of the traditional cloud, such as high latency and the lack of security. In this paper, we establish a taxonomy of edge computing in 5G, which gives an overview of existing state-of-the-art solutions of edge computing in 5G on the basis of objectives, computational platforms, attributes, 5G functions, performance measures, and roles. We also present other important aspects, including the key requirements for its successful deployment in 5G and the applications of edge computing in 5G. Then, we explore, highlight, and categorize recent advancements in edge computing for 5G. By doing so, we reveal the salient features of different edge computing paradigms for 5G. Finally, open research issues are outlined. INDEX TERMS 5G, cloud computing, edge computing, fog computing.

IEEE Access

Maritime networks establish wireless multi-hop networks to provide wireless broadband service at ... more Maritime networks establish wireless multi-hop networks to provide wireless broadband service at sea, connecting various kinds of ships, maritime buoys, and beacons. The maritime networks possess two distinguishing characteristics highly affected by maneuver at sea-dynamic link quality and bandwidth constrained, and dynamic network topology-that warrant specific attention. Unlike land vehicles, maneuver at sea is affected by sea surface movement and wave occlusions, which can cause unstable environment with a high rate of link breakages caused by low link stability, as well as low and highly variable bandwidth. In spite of the need to achieve performance close to high-speed terrestrial wireless broadband service on land, there is only a perfunctory effort to investigate maritime networks. There is an urgent need to refresh the interest to investigate, as well as to further enhance, maritime networks. This paper presents a review of the limited research works of this topic, which revolve around the networking issues in the link, network, and upper layers, in the literature. The objective is to establish a foundation in order to motivate a new research interest in maritime networks. Open issues are also presented to foster new research initiatives in this burgeoning and exciting area.

Influence of Be substitution on the superconducting properties of (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2(Ca2−yBey)(Cu2.5Cd0.5)O10−δ (y = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.35, 0.5) samples

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

Be doped (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2(Ca2−yBey)(Cu2.5Cd0.5)O10−δ (y = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.35, 0.5) superconductive ... more Be doped (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2(Ca2−yBey)(Cu2.5Cd0.5)O10−δ (y = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.35, 0.5) superconductive samples are synthesized by solid state reaction method at normal pressure. The X-ray diffraction of these samples reveals a suppression in the c-axis length with the enhanced Be contents, reflecting the incorporation of Be at the inter plane Ca sites. The critical temperature Tc (R = 0) and onset temperature of diamagnetism Tc (onset) are found to increase with the increasing Be-contents up to y = 0.2 and decrease beyond this doping level. The room temperature resistivity, ρ(290K), is decreased in y = 0.1 and 0.2 samples, and raised to higher values beyond y = 0.2 in comparison to y = 0 samples. This improvement most likely arises due to the better interplane coupling caused by incorporation of Be at the Ca sites in the unit cell. The magnitude of diamagnetism is suppressed in all the Be-doped samples in comparison to un-doped sample. The FTIR absorption spectra show systematic hardening of the vibrational modes of apical oxygen with the increasing Be concentration. It confirms the incorporation of Be at the interplane Ca sites which results in the enhanced interplane coupling and hence the better superconducting properties in y = 0.1 and 0.2 samples. This hardening of the apical oxygen modes also complements our XRD results. The suppression of superconductivity parameters in samples with higher Be contents, namely y = 0.35 and 0.5, is attributed to the presence of heavier Cd at the Cu planar sites in CuO2/CdO2 planes. Cd atoms suppress the phonon’s population due to anharmonic oscillations it produces. Such anharmonicity is further promoted due to the enhanced interplane coupling caused by Be doping which further suppresses the phonon’s density and hence the superconductivity in the samples with higher Be-contents i.e. y = 0.35 and 0.5. These results stress on the vital role the electron–phonon interactions in the mechanism of superconductivity in cuprate superconductors.

The (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2O4-delta charge reservoir layer as an efficient source of carriers to the CuO2 planes: Doping of Bi in (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-delta superconductors

Physica C, 2009

Structural modifications of AlInN/GaN thin films by neon ion implantation

Physics Letters A, 2013

ABSTRACT To study ion beam induced modifications into MOCVD grown wurtzite AlInN layers, neon ion... more ABSTRACT To study ion beam induced modifications into MOCVD grown wurtzite AlInN layers, neon ions were implanted on the samples with four doses ranging from 1014 to 9 × 1015 ions/cm2 . Structural characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) techniques. XRD analysis revealed that GaN related peak for all samples remains at its usual Bragg position of 2θ = 34.56◦ whereas a shift in AlInN peak takes place from its position of 2θ = 35.51◦ for as-grown sample. Rutherford back scattering (RBS) analysis indicated that peak related to Ga atoms in capping layer provided evidence of partial sputtering of GaN cap layers. Moreover, Al peak position is shifted towards lower channel side and width of the signal is increased after implantation, which pointed to the inwards migration of Al atoms away from the AlInN surface. The results suggested that partial sputtering of cap layer has taken place without uncovering the underneath AlInN layer.

A comparative study of structural, thermal and electrical properties of undoped and doped with dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid polypyrrole

Polymer Science Series B, 2011

... with Dodecylbenzenesulphonic Acid Polypyrrole1 Abdul Shakoora, Tasneem Zahra Rizvib, Hafiz Um... more ... with Dodecylbenzenesulphonic Acid Polypyrrole1 Abdul Shakoora, Tasneem Zahra Rizvib, Hafiz Umer Farooqa, Najmul Hassanc, Abdul Majidd, and Muhammad Saeeda ... Phys. 69, 2504 (1991). 2. IJ Youngs, CR Lawrance, AS Tareen, T. Stickland, and M. Miah, IEE Pract. Sci. ...

Chinese Journal of Physics- Taipei-

This work presents the results of the diffusion of a copper 10-atom island on an Ag(111) surface ... more This work presents the results of the diffusion of a copper 10-atom island on an Ag(111) surface using the molecular dynamics technique based on the embedded-atom method (EAM) potentials. Diffusion is carried out at three different temperatures: namely 300, 500, and 700 K. An obvious observation is that the rate of diffusion increases with an increase in temperature. An Arrhenius plot of the diffusion coefficient provides the effective energy barrier value of 143.55 ± 5 meV and diffusion prefactor value of 5.24 × 10 11 Å2 /s. A plot of the Arrhenius law shows that the diffusion is independent of temperature in the range 300-700 K. The values of the diffusion coefficient and the effective energy barrier are in the same range as for the other islands regarding the theoretical and experimental work done so far. Near the islands dislocations and fissures have also been observed at 300 K.

IEEE Access

Big Data has gained interests in effectively capturing, storing, analysis and visualisation from ... more Big Data has gained interests in effectively capturing, storing, analysis and visualisation from wide range of scientific, economic and business communities and is frequently communicated over internet for various purposes among government and enterprise sectors sited at different locations. Several experiments and analyses have shown that currently employed applications and transport protocols in internet are not suitable for transferring such voluminous data because of not addressing requirements of low-access latency. This paper presents issues associated with the basic mechanism of legacy protocols in the context of high speed networks for transferring Big Data e.g. conservative TCP congestion control mechanism may result in minute utilisation of high bandwidth provisioning networks. We present state-of-art alternatives proposed in the literature to solve these problems in high speed networks. We compare several underlying emerging alternatives of TCP, UDP and multi-TCP-streams protocols over a number of comparison criteria e.g. protocol convergence, responsiveness etc., to handle communication of huge data. We note that these protocol alternatives have significant importance over fulfilling requirements of emerging data-intensive applications in high-speed networks. In addition, we discuss open research issues and challenges that can be explored as a source of motivation towards development and deployment of data-intensive applications in emerging networking technologies. INDEX TERMS TCP variants, UDP variants, high speed networks, long delay networks, congestion control, big data transfer protocols.

IEEE Access

5G is the next generation cellular network that aspires to achieve substantial improvement on qua... more 5G is the next generation cellular network that aspires to achieve substantial improvement on quality of service, such as higher throughput and lower latency. Edge computing is an emerging technology that enables the evolution to 5G by bringing cloud capabilities near to the end users (or user equipment, UEs) in order to overcome the intrinsic problems of the traditional cloud, such as high latency and the lack of security. In this paper, we establish a taxonomy of edge computing in 5G, which gives an overview of existing state-of-the-art solutions of edge computing in 5G on the basis of objectives, computational platforms, attributes, 5G functions, performance measures, and roles. We also present other important aspects, including the key requirements for its successful deployment in 5G and the applications of edge computing in 5G. Then, we explore, highlight, and categorize recent advancements in edge computing for 5G. By doing so, we reveal the salient features of different edge computing paradigms for 5G. Finally, open research issues are outlined. INDEX TERMS 5G, cloud computing, edge computing, fog computing.

IEEE Access

Maritime networks establish wireless multi-hop networks to provide wireless broadband service at ... more Maritime networks establish wireless multi-hop networks to provide wireless broadband service at sea, connecting various kinds of ships, maritime buoys, and beacons. The maritime networks possess two distinguishing characteristics highly affected by maneuver at sea-dynamic link quality and bandwidth constrained, and dynamic network topology-that warrant specific attention. Unlike land vehicles, maneuver at sea is affected by sea surface movement and wave occlusions, which can cause unstable environment with a high rate of link breakages caused by low link stability, as well as low and highly variable bandwidth. In spite of the need to achieve performance close to high-speed terrestrial wireless broadband service on land, there is only a perfunctory effort to investigate maritime networks. There is an urgent need to refresh the interest to investigate, as well as to further enhance, maritime networks. This paper presents a review of the limited research works of this topic, which revolve around the networking issues in the link, network, and upper layers, in the literature. The objective is to establish a foundation in order to motivate a new research interest in maritime networks. Open issues are also presented to foster new research initiatives in this burgeoning and exciting area.

Influence of Be substitution on the superconducting properties of (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2(Ca2−yBey)(Cu2.5Cd0.5)O10−δ (y = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.35, 0.5) samples

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

Be doped (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2(Ca2−yBey)(Cu2.5Cd0.5)O10−δ (y = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.35, 0.5) superconductive ... more Be doped (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2(Ca2−yBey)(Cu2.5Cd0.5)O10−δ (y = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.35, 0.5) superconductive samples are synthesized by solid state reaction method at normal pressure. The X-ray diffraction of these samples reveals a suppression in the c-axis length with the enhanced Be contents, reflecting the incorporation of Be at the inter plane Ca sites. The critical temperature Tc (R = 0) and onset temperature of diamagnetism Tc (onset) are found to increase with the increasing Be-contents up to y = 0.2 and decrease beyond this doping level. The room temperature resistivity, ρ(290K), is decreased in y = 0.1 and 0.2 samples, and raised to higher values beyond y = 0.2 in comparison to y = 0 samples. This improvement most likely arises due to the better interplane coupling caused by incorporation of Be at the Ca sites in the unit cell. The magnitude of diamagnetism is suppressed in all the Be-doped samples in comparison to un-doped sample. The FTIR absorption spectra show systematic hardening of the vibrational modes of apical oxygen with the increasing Be concentration. It confirms the incorporation of Be at the interplane Ca sites which results in the enhanced interplane coupling and hence the better superconducting properties in y = 0.1 and 0.2 samples. This hardening of the apical oxygen modes also complements our XRD results. The suppression of superconductivity parameters in samples with higher Be contents, namely y = 0.35 and 0.5, is attributed to the presence of heavier Cd at the Cu planar sites in CuO2/CdO2 planes. Cd atoms suppress the phonon’s population due to anharmonic oscillations it produces. Such anharmonicity is further promoted due to the enhanced interplane coupling caused by Be doping which further suppresses the phonon’s density and hence the superconductivity in the samples with higher Be-contents i.e. y = 0.35 and 0.5. These results stress on the vital role the electron–phonon interactions in the mechanism of superconductivity in cuprate superconductors.

The (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2O4-delta charge reservoir layer as an efficient source of carriers to the CuO2 planes: Doping of Bi in (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-delta superconductors

Physica C, 2009

Structural modifications of AlInN/GaN thin films by neon ion implantation

Physics Letters A, 2013

ABSTRACT To study ion beam induced modifications into MOCVD grown wurtzite AlInN layers, neon ion... more ABSTRACT To study ion beam induced modifications into MOCVD grown wurtzite AlInN layers, neon ions were implanted on the samples with four doses ranging from 1014 to 9 × 1015 ions/cm2 . Structural characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) techniques. XRD analysis revealed that GaN related peak for all samples remains at its usual Bragg position of 2θ = 34.56◦ whereas a shift in AlInN peak takes place from its position of 2θ = 35.51◦ for as-grown sample. Rutherford back scattering (RBS) analysis indicated that peak related to Ga atoms in capping layer provided evidence of partial sputtering of GaN cap layers. Moreover, Al peak position is shifted towards lower channel side and width of the signal is increased after implantation, which pointed to the inwards migration of Al atoms away from the AlInN surface. The results suggested that partial sputtering of cap layer has taken place without uncovering the underneath AlInN layer.

A comparative study of structural, thermal and electrical properties of undoped and doped with dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid polypyrrole

Polymer Science Series B, 2011

... with Dodecylbenzenesulphonic Acid Polypyrrole1 Abdul Shakoora, Tasneem Zahra Rizvib, Hafiz Um... more ... with Dodecylbenzenesulphonic Acid Polypyrrole1 Abdul Shakoora, Tasneem Zahra Rizvib, Hafiz Umer Farooqa, Najmul Hassanc, Abdul Majidd, and Muhammad Saeeda ... Phys. 69, 2504 (1991). 2. IJ Youngs, CR Lawrance, AS Tareen, T. Stickland, and M. Miah, IEE Pract. Sci. ...

Chinese Journal of Physics- Taipei-

This work presents the results of the diffusion of a copper 10-atom island on an Ag(111) surface ... more This work presents the results of the diffusion of a copper 10-atom island on an Ag(111) surface using the molecular dynamics technique based on the embedded-atom method (EAM) potentials. Diffusion is carried out at three different temperatures: namely 300, 500, and 700 K. An obvious observation is that the rate of diffusion increases with an increase in temperature. An Arrhenius plot of the diffusion coefficient provides the effective energy barrier value of 143.55 ± 5 meV and diffusion prefactor value of 5.24 × 10 11 Å2 /s. A plot of the Arrhenius law shows that the diffusion is independent of temperature in the range 300-700 K. The values of the diffusion coefficient and the effective energy barrier are in the same range as for the other islands regarding the theoretical and experimental work done so far. Near the islands dislocations and fissures have also been observed at 300 K.