Md. Sayedur Rahman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Md. Sayedur Rahman

Journal of Business and Management, School of Business, Faculty of Management Studies, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal , 2024

Background: In the New Year 2024, Australia sees the light of hope for the development of relatio... more Background: In the New Year 2024, Australia sees the light of hope for the development of relations with China. Relations began to strain when Australia called for an independent investigation into the origin of the coronavirus, and the Chinese government-imposed import bans on almost everything that Australia used to export to China. This ban created a problem between the two countries. The joining of Australia in the QUAD military alliance further strained relations, but the relationship is gradually improving. Objectives: This research aims to examine and assess the issues and opportunities for sustainable bilateral economic relations between China and Australia. Methods: This study uses secondary sources to gather perspectives on China-Australia relations. Although the study is qualitative, a quantitative method is also taken. A survey and data analysis were conducted with 101 participants, including international relations experts, researchers, analysts, government officials, students, businessmen, and civil society members. The data was analyzed using basic quantitative techniques for the trade data. Results: The results show that two-way trade between China and Australia has significantly increased in the last 40 years, making China Australia's most significant commercial partner. China is Australia's largest export market, the largest source of tourist spending, and the fastest-growing foreign investment source. Australia exports pearls, precious stones, meat, copper salt, and sulfur dioxide to China while importing electrical and electronic equipment, plastics, iron, and aluminum from China. Conclusion: The study indicates that China and Australia have strong economic interdependency, with China having the largest export markets and tourist destinations. Despite diplomatic issues, their relationship strengthens through trade and economics. In 2014, Australia and China signed an FTA, upgrading their relationship to a comprehensive strategic partnership. Focusing on economics rather than politics could improve trade and economic relations.

Contemporary Research An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal, 2024

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a China-led plan to boost economic growth across various gl... more The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a China-led plan to boost economic growth across various global regions. China is expanding its high-speed train network, connecting Asian countries, and increasing sales of new goods and services. The BRI encourages cooperation and promotes cultural understanding, fostering communication between China and its South Asian neighbors. Its goal is to boost economic growth and foster cooperation among countries. This study is mostly about opportunities and challenges in South Asia. It is a qualitative study from the method's point of view. This study utilized books, journals, magazines, and daily newspapers as secondary sources. This paper looks at what the BRI will mean for South Asia. Since 2013, the BRI has had an impact on both Pakistani and Indian academic policy and thinking. This study examines those effects. In light of the BRI and the many political splits in South Asia, it examines China's place in the region. The study's suggestions should ensure that everyone benefits from the BRI.

Sahayaatra सहयात्रा, 2024

In Canada's corporate and political communities, it is now commonly acknowledged that China is be... more In Canada's corporate and political communities, it is now commonly acknowledged that China is becoming a global economic superpower. For instance, it is now accepted knowledge that all companies, and even all government agencies, must create a "China Strategy," whether or not they conduct any business with China directly. Since the conclusion of the Cold War, China has assumed a larger role in world geopolitics and gained the attention of the most influential political figures. Canada is a prime example of a selective or specialized power today and looks to have established its steady place in international affairs. In order to assess the position of the modern People's Republic of China (PRC) in Canadian foreign policy, this paper explores Canada-China relations from the most current angle. This study examines several facets of bilateral ties, including human rights and democracy, economics and commerce, the ability of Chinese Canadians to advocate and their impact on Ottawa's PRC policies. An overview of the development of ties between Canada and China is also included in the article.

Academia Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 2024

At present, Bangladesh and Russia have a special relationship. It is proven that Russia is a test... more At present, Bangladesh and Russia have a special relationship. It is proven that Russia is a tested and trusted friend of Bangladesh. From the very beginning of Bangladesh as an independent and sovereign state, Russia has always stood by its welfare and development. Establishing diplomatic ties since 1972, bilateral relations have not always been smooth due to a lack of political will, particularly during the martial law regime. There are many potential areas of cooperation that could prosper together if both friendly countries utilize them. This paper identifies several potential areas of mutual cooperation and argues that to attain sustainable development, Bangladesh-Russia relations need to be strengthened more and more. This study explores the potential areas through various channels for greater interest, friendship, and opening up a new era in bilateral issues. The study also looks into the challenges and opportunities for the Bangladesh-Russia economic partnership. It investigates issues related to trade barriers, infrastructure development, and energy cooperation. Additionally, this study examines the impact of political and diplomatic factors on the economic relationship between Bangladesh and Russia. The study is based on a combination of primary and secondary sources, including surveys with key stakeholders, economic data analysis, and a review of relevant literature.

Kaumodaki: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by the Research Management Cell, Shree Vinduwasini Sanskrit Vidyapeeth (Campus), Nepal Sanskrit University, Pokhara, Nepal., 2024

China and the United States are two major economic powers that are currently engaged in trade and... more China and the United States are two major economic powers that are currently engaged in trade and are using different strategies to enhance their bilateral relations. The main objective of this research is to analyze the policies and activities that these nations are using to promote and advance their trade relations, which will likely result in financial and political benefits in the long run. This investigation is primarily based on secondary sources such as scientific and scholarly journals, research papers, books, and articles related to the topic at hand. The study comprehensively explores a variety of factors impacting trade relations between China and the United States. This includes examining bilateral treaties, one-phase agreements, the Belt and Road Initiative, the Australia, UK, and US Security Pact, policies aimed at achieving competitive advantage, as well as cooperation in addressing regional and global issues to promote trade relations between the two countries. The trade conflict between the two countries is very serious. According to the study, China and the US pursue many comprehensive and conventional barriers, such as a lack of registered goods in each nation, a rise in trade imbalance, tax disparities, a lack of business ties, the Quad, the conflict in the South China Sea, bilaterally sensitive issues, the Taiwan dispute, and environmental conditions and policies. If both countries could solve these problems then relations between the two countries would be improved in the 21st century.

Journal of Political Science, 2024

The European Union (EU) and China are two of the most influential and complex economies globally.... more The European Union (EU) and China are two of the most influential and complex economies globally. The current state of their relationship is marked by a growing trade deficit for the EU with China, along with increasing Chinese investments in Europe's energy, technology, and infrastructure sectors. The EU has expressed dissatisfaction with China's treatment of foreign investors, limited market access for European companies, and government subsidization of domestic companies. Additionally, the EU has raised concerns about China's human rights record and its policies in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and mainland China. The partnership is expected to remain a key focus for the EU's economic outlook as both sides balance economic potential with geopolitical and security considerations. This report aims to identify and explain the primary issues, key areas for improvement, and mutual interests between the EU and China, while also proposing potential solutions to enhance their economic and trade relations. Informative articles, relevant papers, textbooks, and other sources support the discussion. Although the analysis is subjective, a quantitative methodology is also employed. The discussion presents a common interface and provides recommendations for enhancing financial relations, increasing exchange, financial and security relations, participating in and benefiting from two-way engagement, and enhancing EU-China relations.

Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 2024

Geographically adjacent and friendly nations in South Asia are Bangladesh and India. The boundary... more Geographically adjacent and friendly nations in South Asia are Bangladesh and India. The boundary's approximate 5138 km total length is made up of a 4427 km land border and a 711 km water border. India and Bangladesh have a 4,096-kilometer border. While India has five border provinces, Bangladesh has 32 border districts. Bangladesh and India both have bilateral problems that date back to their inception. Since the early 1990s, the two countries' economic ties have been expanding quickly. Due to border killing by the Indian Border Security Force, human trafficking, and other concerns between these two nations, the border issue has taken center stage. (BSF). The boundary between Bangladesh and India, according to the US-based news organization "Global Post," is the worst border line in the world. They are acting erratically near the boundary, killing, kidnapping Bangladeshis, violating human rights, and committing push-in offenses, among other things. The primary sources used in this study are scholarly books, scholarly journals, research papers, and other tertiary sources that are pertinent to the topic. Although the research is qualitative, a quantitative approach is also taken. This essay looks at the current problems surrounding border killing along the land border between India and Bangladesh, finding its causes and contributing factors as well as its detrimental effects on bilateral relations. The paper also includes a number of suggestions for preventing the issue of border killings along the land border between India and Bangladesh.

Contemporary Research: An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal, 2023

In the context of the economy, India's foreign policy toward Nepal is defined by a complicated mi... more In the context of the economy, India's foreign policy toward Nepal is defined by a complicated mix of cooperation and rivalry, with both nations attempting to strike a balance between their different interests while navigating a variety of political, economic, and strategic problems. Through a number of initiatives over the past few years, including the extension of a line of credit to support infrastructure development, the creation of an India-Nepal Joint Economic Commission, and the promotion of crossborder trade and investment, India has sought to deepen its economic ties with Nepal. These efforts have been aimed at boosting economic growth and development in Nepal while enhancing India's regional influence. However, India's foreign policy towards Nepal has also faced criticism, with some arguing that it prioritizes its own interests over Nepal's. This has led to tensions between the two countries, with Nepal seeking to diversify its economic and diplomatic ties beyond India. In this study, the trade, investment, aid, and tourism relations between India and Nepal are examined. It looks at how the economic hegemony of India and Nepal shaped the two countries' economic ties. The study also looks into the challenges and opportunities for the India-Nepal economic partnership. It investigates the issues related to trade barriers, infrastructure development, and energy cooperation. Additionally, this study examines the impact of political and diplomatic factors on the economic relationship between India and Nepal. The research is based on a combination of primary and secondary sources, including interviews with key stakeholders, economic data analysis, and a review of relevant literature. The findings of

Asian Profile, 2023

China's economic relations with Japan in the early 21 st century, which were re-established as a ... more China's economic relations with Japan in the early 21 st century, which were re-established as a result of the diplomatic normalization between the two countries in the 21 st century, have transformed from dependent to interdependent. The exceptional financial development that China completed in the postwar period was generally due to the middle merchandise imported from Japan and specialized participation and joint ventures with Japanese endeavors. China and Japan have the world's second and third-biggest economies, respectively, based on nominal GDP. Furthermore, China and Japan have the world's greatest economies and are the fourth-largest economies in terms of GDP PPP (Gross Domestic Product based on Purchasing Power Parity). This study dealt with economic relations between China and Japan in the early 21 st century. Methodologically, it could be something to think about, which is based on both primary and secondary information. The main goals of this study are to analyze the current Sino-Japanese economic relations in the 21 st century, to discuss the major obstacles in China-Japan economic and trade relations at present times, and to focus on initiatives taken by China and Japan to improve trade and economic relations. Secondary information collection sources are utilized to gather the information. Finance, export-import-focused investment, and foreign direct investment are all important components of their international connections (Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)). This study is based on secondary sources. Primary data was also used in the trade data, survey part, which was the questionnaire part of this paper. Some policy recommendations have been provided to help China and Japan's economic relationship improve.

Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2023

Geo-strategy is a geopolitical branch of foreign policy that is largely influenced by geographica... more Geo-strategy is a geopolitical branch of foreign policy that is largely influenced by geographical variables in terms of warning, limiting, or influencing political and military preparation. The term geo-economics has been used in recent years to describe the perceived superiority of economics in interstate affairs over politics. The key purpose of this research is to concentrate on the geostrategic and economic value of the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean, and the Persian Gulf, where there is a great interest in China. In addition, the study found that the Bay of Bengal, southeast Bangladesh-Pakistan, the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf and Port of Gwadar are of considerable significance to China for trade and investment purposes, as well as for exports and imports. The study attempted to examine the ongoing development of China-Bangladesh-Pakistan relations in the diplomatic, military, and economic spheres. These trends have had a significant effect on South Asia in general and on the relations between China and Bangladesh and Pakistan in particular. China-Bangladesh-Pakistan relations have developed in the diplomatic, military, and economic realms in the early 21 st century. This analysis was carried out on the basis of secondary sources. The study argues that the Bay of Bengal is an important region for China because of its easy access to the Indian Ocean, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. Pakistan is situated at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, lying astride China, South Asia, Central Asia, and West Asia, and has the potential to become a crossroads for trade, transportation, and oil.

Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies (HASSS), 2022

Effective foreign policy in economic development is very important in the ever-competitive global... more Effective foreign policy in economic development is very important in the ever-competitive global arena. It's doubly significant when it is a question of Chinese foreign policy towards Russia or vice-versa to multi-polarizing economic spheres as well as confronts the western arbitrariness and dominance in the area. Both nations have apprehended the necessity and share a mutual interest in the development of trade and economic sectors. For this reason, bilateral and multilateral trade deals and a free economic zone agreement between states are very common trends worldwide. Asia's two global powers, China and Russia, are not lagging behind in trade. They are pursuing numerous policies to boost international ties and bring socioeconomic and political growth to the forefront in recent decades. This study aims to examine and analyze the problems and potential to promote bilateral economic relations between China and Russia. This study focuses on essentially secondary sources, including scholarly publications, scholarly articles, research papers, books, and other relevant sources pertaining to the subject. The study is qualitative but the quantitative method is also used. The study raises mutual interests and gives recommendations for the improvement of economic ties, the growth of military relations, trade relations, the development of regional cooperation, the promotion of advantageous bilateral cooperation, joint work, the strengthening of relations with international organizations, and the successful enhancement of bilateral ties between China and Russia.

Asian Profile, 2022

In the span of a few decades, China (Dragon) and India (Elephant) have achieved amazing and inspi... more In the span of a few decades, China (Dragon) and India (Elephant) have achieved amazing and inspiring progress in a variety of sectors. Both are considered icons for their rapid growth and development. Despite the fact that both countries have strong and trusted ties all around the world, the world has become concerned about India and China's continuous conflict. Due to the existing border war and diplomacy, both giant countries are still in a dilemma trying to reach a solution. Earlier, there was a big frontal confrontation between India and China in 1962. Following this war, the two Asian superpowers amassed a massive arsenal of weapons over the next several decades. At the same time, hostility between the two countries has suddenly increased in Ladakh recently. Huge numbers of troops have died in different sectors of the border area. At this moment, lots of questions are being raised and there is an apprehension of war between the countries. The study offers a thorough examination of the Sino-Indian border war, through both a quantitative and qualitative study based on secondary data.

Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal , 2022

Food insecurity is threatening populations with its implications on health and nourishment not on... more Food insecurity is threatening populations with its implications on health and nourishment not only in rural but also in urban areas as the poverty patterns shift from developing countries towards rest of the world. Women's presence in agriculture and food production as main labors, their responsibility of caretakers of children which affects future of societies, rising numbers of single mothers in the world and female vulnerability due to physiological needs require particular attention to problems of women caused by food insecurity. This study discusses women's health problems related to food insecurity as health is seen as crucial for survival. This paper analyzed "How does food insecurity affect women's health?" Focus group discussions, interviews, observations, and secondary data were all used in this analysis.

Asian Profile, 2022

In terms of culture, economics, language, political history, and religion, Bangladesh shares a lo... more In terms of culture, economics, language, political history, and religion, Bangladesh shares a lot of similarities with India. About the fact that India was instrumental in Bangladesh's independence, the relationship between New Delhi and Dhaka has never been especially warm or free of squabbles. After the assassination of Bangladesh's founding father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, in 1975, the country has been governed by military and pseudo-democratic rulers. Ties between the two adjacent states remained fraught for the next three decades, though relations strengthened in the late 1990s. However, when the Bangladesh Nationalist Party was in power from 2001 to 2006, much confidence was lost. Both governments have taken measures to improve relations since the Awami League took office again in December 2008. The frenzy of action suggests that the two countries are working together to improve bilateral relations. The aim of this research is to look at and explore the issues and opportunities for improving Bangladesh-India economic relations. This research is both primary sources and secondary sources. Secondary sources such as academic journals, scholarly documents, research papers, books, and other related sources. Although the analysis is both qualitative and quantitative approaches, the quantitative approach is often used to make the research more explicit.

QUANTUM JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, 2022

The concept of "development" is one that could be likened to running after a moving train. It is ... more The concept of "development" is one that could be likened to running after a moving train. It is a concept that has been constructed in a particular history, culture and time, linked with industrialization, economic growth, and social transformations through economic, political and social rearrangements creating a modern "state besides over the years the world has been confronted by a number of development challenges. Critical perspectives on development such as post-development, reject the idea of development as a universal necessity, as something desirable and a moral imperative, and as something that the Western world is entitled to bring about in other regions of the world. Post-development argues that the west proclaimed development as a universal and ahistorical process based on its own local experience. The starting point of this paper is the following question: What is the role of the notions of agency and power in the post-development Critique on the development discourse and Practices? Hence through review of the scholar's analysis this paper tries to reflect that development as a eurocentric myth, economic hegemony, economical dependency, legitimacy and power and geopolitical tool which is ruining the social system of development partitioner. Therefore, based on this background, this study will try to analyze the development process according to the power relations between the participants.

Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2021

Geopolitically, the Bay of Bengal is very important because it is connected with Andaman Sea and ... more Geopolitically, the Bay of Bengal is very important because it is connected with Andaman Sea and Malacca Straits. Moreover, the Bay of Bengal has direct links with South Asia and South East Asia including the Indian Ocean. Particularly, both China and India are very interested in the Bay of Bengal for mineral resources. Through the Bay of Bengal, China wants a direct connectivity between China and Indian Ocean through either South East Bangladesh or Rakhine state of Myanmar. This study has dealt with the importance of the Bay of Bengal in the light of China's geopolitical desire, trade and investment, oil and gas, and regional connectivity. Many geopolitical issues of China and Bangladesh have been discussed in this study. The main objective of this study is to focus on strengthening the relationship between China and Bangladesh, so that these two neighboring countries can be beneficiaries through trade and investment, regional connectivity, expanding the exports and imports. And these two friendly countries can be also beneficiaries through constructing the deep seaports along the Eastern Coastal Zone of Bangladesh, particularly Southeast Cox's Bazar. The findings of this study are that, the relationship Between China and Bangladesh in the light of the geopolitics and geo-economic issues is, of course, pivotal for both countries for trade and investment, and for economic cooperation and development. Methodologically it is a qualitative study, which is based on both primary and secondary data.

Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Review (JSSHR), 2021

The ratio of rape in Bangladesh has increased dramatically in the recent past. It is happening du... more The ratio of rape in Bangladesh has increased dramatically in the recent past. It is happening due to the deterioration in social norms, and other several invisible social reasons. For any society's ethical degradation, there are social, political, economic and cultural reasons. The proportion of rape has not only enhanced in the South Asian countries but also in the developed countries as well. The main objective of this study was to find out the reasons for rape, and to provide with some suggestions for controlling the incidence of rape in Bangladesh. Also, this study has done a historical review on how it can influence society, state, and psycho-physical conditions of the victims. The historical review is very effective in finding out the main causes of rape in any society. Methodologically this is a qualitative research work, based on both primary and secondary sources of data. The article has discussed the nature and inherent causes of the rape which occurred in some South Asian countries with particular emphasis to Bangladesh. Also, the social causes of the increase of rape-incidences in Bangladesh have been discussed and analyzed. The study found that there are a number of examples of rape incidents in Bangladesh. Based on the findings of this study, it is strongly recommended that, the authority should formulate legal framework, proper policies, and should take adequate steps for the proper implementation of the rule and/or law to control rape incidents in the society.

Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (QJSSH), 2021

Rahman and Kubra: The late 20th to early 21st century of foreign policy of Bangladesh in economic... more Rahman and Kubra: The late 20th to early 21st century of foreign policy of Bangladesh in economic dimension towards China.-72-QUANTUM JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES 2(1): 72-83. Abstract. Bangladesh and China have established robust bilateral cooperation based on mutual confidence and interests since the establishment of diplomatic ties. The Bangladesh-China relationship's most motivating attribute is its relative consistency and longevity. After the establishment of a formal diplomatic relationship in October 1975, Bangladesh and China have continued to be close friends and development partners. In a variety of fields, including politics, the economy, the military, and culture, good bilateral cooperation between Bangladesh and China has been achieved. Many bilateral treaties, agreements, and memoranda of understanding on reciprocal economic cooperation, cultural sharing, infrastructure development, educational interaction, and military assistance have been signed over the years. Mutual reciprocity on the grounds of common values has largely led to keeping bilateral ties between Bangladesh and China sustainable over time. The goal of the present study is to provide a detailed approach to the bilateral ties between Bangladesh and China in the late 20 th-early 21 st century.

Asian Profile, 2020

Myanmar is economically and strategically important to India as a hub for South Asia and Southeas... more Myanmar is economically and strategically important to India as a hub for South Asia and Southeast Asia. Myanmar is located on the coast of the Bay of Bengal with a population of 60 million, and an area of 676578 square kilometers. Myanmar has land border of 1643 kilometers with four Northeastern states of India: Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Manipur. Myanmar is the gateway for the implementation of the ‘Act East Policy’ and ‘Neighborhood First Policy’ announced by the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi in 2014. The Bay of Bengal also connects the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Malacca and the Strait of Hormuz. Myanmar has a coastal border of 725 kilometers with the Bay of Bengal. That is why, geopolitically and geo-strategically, Myanmar is important to the Western world, including India and China. India-Myanmar lively relationships are important not only for the two countries, but also for the India-Southeast Asia relations. The purpose of this research work is to analyze the political economy of India-Myanmar relations, and implications of the relationship for the neighboring countries including Bangladesh. As a member of the various regional alliances in Southeast Asia, including ASEAN and BIMSTEC, Myanmar is strategically important to India in expanding trade and commerce in the region. Myanmar is equally important to the Western world, including the United States, because of Myanmar's long-standing military and economic ties with China. The research work has been done on the basis of information obtained from the primary and secondary sources.

Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 2020

This article presents the context of food system in China, and discusses how genetic modification... more This article presents the context of food system in China, and discusses how genetic modification policy of the country is affected by the change in the food system which is reflected in the debate on genetically modified organisms (GMOs). An overview of the development of biotechnology in China followed by an analysis of the theoretical framework of food system is given to analyze the transformation of China's genetic modification policy. This article concludes with a brief review of the Chinese government's framework and contemporary propositions based on the major research questions and the debate about biotechnology as reflected in China's food policy.

Journal of Business and Management, School of Business, Faculty of Management Studies, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal , 2024

Background: In the New Year 2024, Australia sees the light of hope for the development of relatio... more Background: In the New Year 2024, Australia sees the light of hope for the development of relations with China. Relations began to strain when Australia called for an independent investigation into the origin of the coronavirus, and the Chinese government-imposed import bans on almost everything that Australia used to export to China. This ban created a problem between the two countries. The joining of Australia in the QUAD military alliance further strained relations, but the relationship is gradually improving. Objectives: This research aims to examine and assess the issues and opportunities for sustainable bilateral economic relations between China and Australia. Methods: This study uses secondary sources to gather perspectives on China-Australia relations. Although the study is qualitative, a quantitative method is also taken. A survey and data analysis were conducted with 101 participants, including international relations experts, researchers, analysts, government officials, students, businessmen, and civil society members. The data was analyzed using basic quantitative techniques for the trade data. Results: The results show that two-way trade between China and Australia has significantly increased in the last 40 years, making China Australia's most significant commercial partner. China is Australia's largest export market, the largest source of tourist spending, and the fastest-growing foreign investment source. Australia exports pearls, precious stones, meat, copper salt, and sulfur dioxide to China while importing electrical and electronic equipment, plastics, iron, and aluminum from China. Conclusion: The study indicates that China and Australia have strong economic interdependency, with China having the largest export markets and tourist destinations. Despite diplomatic issues, their relationship strengthens through trade and economics. In 2014, Australia and China signed an FTA, upgrading their relationship to a comprehensive strategic partnership. Focusing on economics rather than politics could improve trade and economic relations.

Contemporary Research An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal, 2024

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a China-led plan to boost economic growth across various gl... more The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a China-led plan to boost economic growth across various global regions. China is expanding its high-speed train network, connecting Asian countries, and increasing sales of new goods and services. The BRI encourages cooperation and promotes cultural understanding, fostering communication between China and its South Asian neighbors. Its goal is to boost economic growth and foster cooperation among countries. This study is mostly about opportunities and challenges in South Asia. It is a qualitative study from the method's point of view. This study utilized books, journals, magazines, and daily newspapers as secondary sources. This paper looks at what the BRI will mean for South Asia. Since 2013, the BRI has had an impact on both Pakistani and Indian academic policy and thinking. This study examines those effects. In light of the BRI and the many political splits in South Asia, it examines China's place in the region. The study's suggestions should ensure that everyone benefits from the BRI.

Sahayaatra सहयात्रा, 2024

In Canada's corporate and political communities, it is now commonly acknowledged that China is be... more In Canada's corporate and political communities, it is now commonly acknowledged that China is becoming a global economic superpower. For instance, it is now accepted knowledge that all companies, and even all government agencies, must create a "China Strategy," whether or not they conduct any business with China directly. Since the conclusion of the Cold War, China has assumed a larger role in world geopolitics and gained the attention of the most influential political figures. Canada is a prime example of a selective or specialized power today and looks to have established its steady place in international affairs. In order to assess the position of the modern People's Republic of China (PRC) in Canadian foreign policy, this paper explores Canada-China relations from the most current angle. This study examines several facets of bilateral ties, including human rights and democracy, economics and commerce, the ability of Chinese Canadians to advocate and their impact on Ottawa's PRC policies. An overview of the development of ties between Canada and China is also included in the article.

Academia Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 2024

At present, Bangladesh and Russia have a special relationship. It is proven that Russia is a test... more At present, Bangladesh and Russia have a special relationship. It is proven that Russia is a tested and trusted friend of Bangladesh. From the very beginning of Bangladesh as an independent and sovereign state, Russia has always stood by its welfare and development. Establishing diplomatic ties since 1972, bilateral relations have not always been smooth due to a lack of political will, particularly during the martial law regime. There are many potential areas of cooperation that could prosper together if both friendly countries utilize them. This paper identifies several potential areas of mutual cooperation and argues that to attain sustainable development, Bangladesh-Russia relations need to be strengthened more and more. This study explores the potential areas through various channels for greater interest, friendship, and opening up a new era in bilateral issues. The study also looks into the challenges and opportunities for the Bangladesh-Russia economic partnership. It investigates issues related to trade barriers, infrastructure development, and energy cooperation. Additionally, this study examines the impact of political and diplomatic factors on the economic relationship between Bangladesh and Russia. The study is based on a combination of primary and secondary sources, including surveys with key stakeholders, economic data analysis, and a review of relevant literature.

Kaumodaki: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by the Research Management Cell, Shree Vinduwasini Sanskrit Vidyapeeth (Campus), Nepal Sanskrit University, Pokhara, Nepal., 2024

China and the United States are two major economic powers that are currently engaged in trade and... more China and the United States are two major economic powers that are currently engaged in trade and are using different strategies to enhance their bilateral relations. The main objective of this research is to analyze the policies and activities that these nations are using to promote and advance their trade relations, which will likely result in financial and political benefits in the long run. This investigation is primarily based on secondary sources such as scientific and scholarly journals, research papers, books, and articles related to the topic at hand. The study comprehensively explores a variety of factors impacting trade relations between China and the United States. This includes examining bilateral treaties, one-phase agreements, the Belt and Road Initiative, the Australia, UK, and US Security Pact, policies aimed at achieving competitive advantage, as well as cooperation in addressing regional and global issues to promote trade relations between the two countries. The trade conflict between the two countries is very serious. According to the study, China and the US pursue many comprehensive and conventional barriers, such as a lack of registered goods in each nation, a rise in trade imbalance, tax disparities, a lack of business ties, the Quad, the conflict in the South China Sea, bilaterally sensitive issues, the Taiwan dispute, and environmental conditions and policies. If both countries could solve these problems then relations between the two countries would be improved in the 21st century.

Journal of Political Science, 2024

The European Union (EU) and China are two of the most influential and complex economies globally.... more The European Union (EU) and China are two of the most influential and complex economies globally. The current state of their relationship is marked by a growing trade deficit for the EU with China, along with increasing Chinese investments in Europe's energy, technology, and infrastructure sectors. The EU has expressed dissatisfaction with China's treatment of foreign investors, limited market access for European companies, and government subsidization of domestic companies. Additionally, the EU has raised concerns about China's human rights record and its policies in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and mainland China. The partnership is expected to remain a key focus for the EU's economic outlook as both sides balance economic potential with geopolitical and security considerations. This report aims to identify and explain the primary issues, key areas for improvement, and mutual interests between the EU and China, while also proposing potential solutions to enhance their economic and trade relations. Informative articles, relevant papers, textbooks, and other sources support the discussion. Although the analysis is subjective, a quantitative methodology is also employed. The discussion presents a common interface and provides recommendations for enhancing financial relations, increasing exchange, financial and security relations, participating in and benefiting from two-way engagement, and enhancing EU-China relations.

Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 2024

Geographically adjacent and friendly nations in South Asia are Bangladesh and India. The boundary... more Geographically adjacent and friendly nations in South Asia are Bangladesh and India. The boundary's approximate 5138 km total length is made up of a 4427 km land border and a 711 km water border. India and Bangladesh have a 4,096-kilometer border. While India has five border provinces, Bangladesh has 32 border districts. Bangladesh and India both have bilateral problems that date back to their inception. Since the early 1990s, the two countries' economic ties have been expanding quickly. Due to border killing by the Indian Border Security Force, human trafficking, and other concerns between these two nations, the border issue has taken center stage. (BSF). The boundary between Bangladesh and India, according to the US-based news organization "Global Post," is the worst border line in the world. They are acting erratically near the boundary, killing, kidnapping Bangladeshis, violating human rights, and committing push-in offenses, among other things. The primary sources used in this study are scholarly books, scholarly journals, research papers, and other tertiary sources that are pertinent to the topic. Although the research is qualitative, a quantitative approach is also taken. This essay looks at the current problems surrounding border killing along the land border between India and Bangladesh, finding its causes and contributing factors as well as its detrimental effects on bilateral relations. The paper also includes a number of suggestions for preventing the issue of border killings along the land border between India and Bangladesh.

Contemporary Research: An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal, 2023

In the context of the economy, India's foreign policy toward Nepal is defined by a complicated mi... more In the context of the economy, India's foreign policy toward Nepal is defined by a complicated mix of cooperation and rivalry, with both nations attempting to strike a balance between their different interests while navigating a variety of political, economic, and strategic problems. Through a number of initiatives over the past few years, including the extension of a line of credit to support infrastructure development, the creation of an India-Nepal Joint Economic Commission, and the promotion of crossborder trade and investment, India has sought to deepen its economic ties with Nepal. These efforts have been aimed at boosting economic growth and development in Nepal while enhancing India's regional influence. However, India's foreign policy towards Nepal has also faced criticism, with some arguing that it prioritizes its own interests over Nepal's. This has led to tensions between the two countries, with Nepal seeking to diversify its economic and diplomatic ties beyond India. In this study, the trade, investment, aid, and tourism relations between India and Nepal are examined. It looks at how the economic hegemony of India and Nepal shaped the two countries' economic ties. The study also looks into the challenges and opportunities for the India-Nepal economic partnership. It investigates the issues related to trade barriers, infrastructure development, and energy cooperation. Additionally, this study examines the impact of political and diplomatic factors on the economic relationship between India and Nepal. The research is based on a combination of primary and secondary sources, including interviews with key stakeholders, economic data analysis, and a review of relevant literature. The findings of

Asian Profile, 2023

China's economic relations with Japan in the early 21 st century, which were re-established as a ... more China's economic relations with Japan in the early 21 st century, which were re-established as a result of the diplomatic normalization between the two countries in the 21 st century, have transformed from dependent to interdependent. The exceptional financial development that China completed in the postwar period was generally due to the middle merchandise imported from Japan and specialized participation and joint ventures with Japanese endeavors. China and Japan have the world's second and third-biggest economies, respectively, based on nominal GDP. Furthermore, China and Japan have the world's greatest economies and are the fourth-largest economies in terms of GDP PPP (Gross Domestic Product based on Purchasing Power Parity). This study dealt with economic relations between China and Japan in the early 21 st century. Methodologically, it could be something to think about, which is based on both primary and secondary information. The main goals of this study are to analyze the current Sino-Japanese economic relations in the 21 st century, to discuss the major obstacles in China-Japan economic and trade relations at present times, and to focus on initiatives taken by China and Japan to improve trade and economic relations. Secondary information collection sources are utilized to gather the information. Finance, export-import-focused investment, and foreign direct investment are all important components of their international connections (Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)). This study is based on secondary sources. Primary data was also used in the trade data, survey part, which was the questionnaire part of this paper. Some policy recommendations have been provided to help China and Japan's economic relationship improve.

Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2023

Geo-strategy is a geopolitical branch of foreign policy that is largely influenced by geographica... more Geo-strategy is a geopolitical branch of foreign policy that is largely influenced by geographical variables in terms of warning, limiting, or influencing political and military preparation. The term geo-economics has been used in recent years to describe the perceived superiority of economics in interstate affairs over politics. The key purpose of this research is to concentrate on the geostrategic and economic value of the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean, and the Persian Gulf, where there is a great interest in China. In addition, the study found that the Bay of Bengal, southeast Bangladesh-Pakistan, the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf and Port of Gwadar are of considerable significance to China for trade and investment purposes, as well as for exports and imports. The study attempted to examine the ongoing development of China-Bangladesh-Pakistan relations in the diplomatic, military, and economic spheres. These trends have had a significant effect on South Asia in general and on the relations between China and Bangladesh and Pakistan in particular. China-Bangladesh-Pakistan relations have developed in the diplomatic, military, and economic realms in the early 21 st century. This analysis was carried out on the basis of secondary sources. The study argues that the Bay of Bengal is an important region for China because of its easy access to the Indian Ocean, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. Pakistan is situated at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, lying astride China, South Asia, Central Asia, and West Asia, and has the potential to become a crossroads for trade, transportation, and oil.

Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies (HASSS), 2022

Effective foreign policy in economic development is very important in the ever-competitive global... more Effective foreign policy in economic development is very important in the ever-competitive global arena. It's doubly significant when it is a question of Chinese foreign policy towards Russia or vice-versa to multi-polarizing economic spheres as well as confronts the western arbitrariness and dominance in the area. Both nations have apprehended the necessity and share a mutual interest in the development of trade and economic sectors. For this reason, bilateral and multilateral trade deals and a free economic zone agreement between states are very common trends worldwide. Asia's two global powers, China and Russia, are not lagging behind in trade. They are pursuing numerous policies to boost international ties and bring socioeconomic and political growth to the forefront in recent decades. This study aims to examine and analyze the problems and potential to promote bilateral economic relations between China and Russia. This study focuses on essentially secondary sources, including scholarly publications, scholarly articles, research papers, books, and other relevant sources pertaining to the subject. The study is qualitative but the quantitative method is also used. The study raises mutual interests and gives recommendations for the improvement of economic ties, the growth of military relations, trade relations, the development of regional cooperation, the promotion of advantageous bilateral cooperation, joint work, the strengthening of relations with international organizations, and the successful enhancement of bilateral ties between China and Russia.

Asian Profile, 2022

In the span of a few decades, China (Dragon) and India (Elephant) have achieved amazing and inspi... more In the span of a few decades, China (Dragon) and India (Elephant) have achieved amazing and inspiring progress in a variety of sectors. Both are considered icons for their rapid growth and development. Despite the fact that both countries have strong and trusted ties all around the world, the world has become concerned about India and China's continuous conflict. Due to the existing border war and diplomacy, both giant countries are still in a dilemma trying to reach a solution. Earlier, there was a big frontal confrontation between India and China in 1962. Following this war, the two Asian superpowers amassed a massive arsenal of weapons over the next several decades. At the same time, hostility between the two countries has suddenly increased in Ladakh recently. Huge numbers of troops have died in different sectors of the border area. At this moment, lots of questions are being raised and there is an apprehension of war between the countries. The study offers a thorough examination of the Sino-Indian border war, through both a quantitative and qualitative study based on secondary data.

Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal , 2022

Food insecurity is threatening populations with its implications on health and nourishment not on... more Food insecurity is threatening populations with its implications on health and nourishment not only in rural but also in urban areas as the poverty patterns shift from developing countries towards rest of the world. Women's presence in agriculture and food production as main labors, their responsibility of caretakers of children which affects future of societies, rising numbers of single mothers in the world and female vulnerability due to physiological needs require particular attention to problems of women caused by food insecurity. This study discusses women's health problems related to food insecurity as health is seen as crucial for survival. This paper analyzed "How does food insecurity affect women's health?" Focus group discussions, interviews, observations, and secondary data were all used in this analysis.

Asian Profile, 2022

In terms of culture, economics, language, political history, and religion, Bangladesh shares a lo... more In terms of culture, economics, language, political history, and religion, Bangladesh shares a lot of similarities with India. About the fact that India was instrumental in Bangladesh's independence, the relationship between New Delhi and Dhaka has never been especially warm or free of squabbles. After the assassination of Bangladesh's founding father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, in 1975, the country has been governed by military and pseudo-democratic rulers. Ties between the two adjacent states remained fraught for the next three decades, though relations strengthened in the late 1990s. However, when the Bangladesh Nationalist Party was in power from 2001 to 2006, much confidence was lost. Both governments have taken measures to improve relations since the Awami League took office again in December 2008. The frenzy of action suggests that the two countries are working together to improve bilateral relations. The aim of this research is to look at and explore the issues and opportunities for improving Bangladesh-India economic relations. This research is both primary sources and secondary sources. Secondary sources such as academic journals, scholarly documents, research papers, books, and other related sources. Although the analysis is both qualitative and quantitative approaches, the quantitative approach is often used to make the research more explicit.

QUANTUM JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, 2022

The concept of "development" is one that could be likened to running after a moving train. It is ... more The concept of "development" is one that could be likened to running after a moving train. It is a concept that has been constructed in a particular history, culture and time, linked with industrialization, economic growth, and social transformations through economic, political and social rearrangements creating a modern "state besides over the years the world has been confronted by a number of development challenges. Critical perspectives on development such as post-development, reject the idea of development as a universal necessity, as something desirable and a moral imperative, and as something that the Western world is entitled to bring about in other regions of the world. Post-development argues that the west proclaimed development as a universal and ahistorical process based on its own local experience. The starting point of this paper is the following question: What is the role of the notions of agency and power in the post-development Critique on the development discourse and Practices? Hence through review of the scholar's analysis this paper tries to reflect that development as a eurocentric myth, economic hegemony, economical dependency, legitimacy and power and geopolitical tool which is ruining the social system of development partitioner. Therefore, based on this background, this study will try to analyze the development process according to the power relations between the participants.

Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2021

Geopolitically, the Bay of Bengal is very important because it is connected with Andaman Sea and ... more Geopolitically, the Bay of Bengal is very important because it is connected with Andaman Sea and Malacca Straits. Moreover, the Bay of Bengal has direct links with South Asia and South East Asia including the Indian Ocean. Particularly, both China and India are very interested in the Bay of Bengal for mineral resources. Through the Bay of Bengal, China wants a direct connectivity between China and Indian Ocean through either South East Bangladesh or Rakhine state of Myanmar. This study has dealt with the importance of the Bay of Bengal in the light of China's geopolitical desire, trade and investment, oil and gas, and regional connectivity. Many geopolitical issues of China and Bangladesh have been discussed in this study. The main objective of this study is to focus on strengthening the relationship between China and Bangladesh, so that these two neighboring countries can be beneficiaries through trade and investment, regional connectivity, expanding the exports and imports. And these two friendly countries can be also beneficiaries through constructing the deep seaports along the Eastern Coastal Zone of Bangladesh, particularly Southeast Cox's Bazar. The findings of this study are that, the relationship Between China and Bangladesh in the light of the geopolitics and geo-economic issues is, of course, pivotal for both countries for trade and investment, and for economic cooperation and development. Methodologically it is a qualitative study, which is based on both primary and secondary data.

Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Review (JSSHR), 2021

The ratio of rape in Bangladesh has increased dramatically in the recent past. It is happening du... more The ratio of rape in Bangladesh has increased dramatically in the recent past. It is happening due to the deterioration in social norms, and other several invisible social reasons. For any society's ethical degradation, there are social, political, economic and cultural reasons. The proportion of rape has not only enhanced in the South Asian countries but also in the developed countries as well. The main objective of this study was to find out the reasons for rape, and to provide with some suggestions for controlling the incidence of rape in Bangladesh. Also, this study has done a historical review on how it can influence society, state, and psycho-physical conditions of the victims. The historical review is very effective in finding out the main causes of rape in any society. Methodologically this is a qualitative research work, based on both primary and secondary sources of data. The article has discussed the nature and inherent causes of the rape which occurred in some South Asian countries with particular emphasis to Bangladesh. Also, the social causes of the increase of rape-incidences in Bangladesh have been discussed and analyzed. The study found that there are a number of examples of rape incidents in Bangladesh. Based on the findings of this study, it is strongly recommended that, the authority should formulate legal framework, proper policies, and should take adequate steps for the proper implementation of the rule and/or law to control rape incidents in the society.

Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (QJSSH), 2021

Rahman and Kubra: The late 20th to early 21st century of foreign policy of Bangladesh in economic... more Rahman and Kubra: The late 20th to early 21st century of foreign policy of Bangladesh in economic dimension towards China.-72-QUANTUM JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES 2(1): 72-83. Abstract. Bangladesh and China have established robust bilateral cooperation based on mutual confidence and interests since the establishment of diplomatic ties. The Bangladesh-China relationship's most motivating attribute is its relative consistency and longevity. After the establishment of a formal diplomatic relationship in October 1975, Bangladesh and China have continued to be close friends and development partners. In a variety of fields, including politics, the economy, the military, and culture, good bilateral cooperation between Bangladesh and China has been achieved. Many bilateral treaties, agreements, and memoranda of understanding on reciprocal economic cooperation, cultural sharing, infrastructure development, educational interaction, and military assistance have been signed over the years. Mutual reciprocity on the grounds of common values has largely led to keeping bilateral ties between Bangladesh and China sustainable over time. The goal of the present study is to provide a detailed approach to the bilateral ties between Bangladesh and China in the late 20 th-early 21 st century.

Asian Profile, 2020

Myanmar is economically and strategically important to India as a hub for South Asia and Southeas... more Myanmar is economically and strategically important to India as a hub for South Asia and Southeast Asia. Myanmar is located on the coast of the Bay of Bengal with a population of 60 million, and an area of 676578 square kilometers. Myanmar has land border of 1643 kilometers with four Northeastern states of India: Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Manipur. Myanmar is the gateway for the implementation of the ‘Act East Policy’ and ‘Neighborhood First Policy’ announced by the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi in 2014. The Bay of Bengal also connects the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Malacca and the Strait of Hormuz. Myanmar has a coastal border of 725 kilometers with the Bay of Bengal. That is why, geopolitically and geo-strategically, Myanmar is important to the Western world, including India and China. India-Myanmar lively relationships are important not only for the two countries, but also for the India-Southeast Asia relations. The purpose of this research work is to analyze the political economy of India-Myanmar relations, and implications of the relationship for the neighboring countries including Bangladesh. As a member of the various regional alliances in Southeast Asia, including ASEAN and BIMSTEC, Myanmar is strategically important to India in expanding trade and commerce in the region. Myanmar is equally important to the Western world, including the United States, because of Myanmar's long-standing military and economic ties with China. The research work has been done on the basis of information obtained from the primary and secondary sources.

Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 2020

This article presents the context of food system in China, and discusses how genetic modification... more This article presents the context of food system in China, and discusses how genetic modification policy of the country is affected by the change in the food system which is reflected in the debate on genetically modified organisms (GMOs). An overview of the development of biotechnology in China followed by an analysis of the theoretical framework of food system is given to analyze the transformation of China's genetic modification policy. This article concludes with a brief review of the Chinese government's framework and contemporary propositions based on the major research questions and the debate about biotechnology as reflected in China's food policy.