Megaravalli R Manasa - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Megaravalli R Manasa
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2022
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2022
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Physiology and Pharmacology
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
Background: Inflammation is a defensive mechanism that protects the body from noxious stimuli. Cu... more Background: Inflammation is a defensive mechanism that protects the body from noxious stimuli. Currently available anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with numerous adverse effects. Hence there is a need for novel anti-inflammatory agent with better safety profile. The current study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic and hexane extracts of Sesamum indicum L. seeds by carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema respectively in Wistar rats. Methods: The animals were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 was given normal saline orally and Group 2 Indomethacin. Groups 3-5 in Carrageenan model were administered ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum L. at three doses - 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg respectively, whereas in Formalin model, they were given hexane extract at the same doses orally. Anti-inflammatory potential was investigated by Carrageenan and Formalin induced models of inflammation. Results: Sesamum indicum L. ethanolic extract at 250 mg/kg exhi...
Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2019
Introduction: Analgesics relieve pain which otherwise can cause distress and suffering. But analg... more Introduction: Analgesics relieve pain which otherwise can cause distress and suffering. But analgesics like NSAIDs and opioids can cause side effects like gastric irritation, tolerance and dependence. Hence it is essential to develop new compounds with analgesic potential. Objectives: To evaluate the analgesic potential of ethanolic extract (EE) of Lagenaria siceraria (L. siceraria) root by tail flick method in albino mice. Materials and Methods: Animals were allocated to four groups. Group 1(control) was administered normal saline. Group 2 was given aspirin 40 mg/kg (Standard). EE of L. siceraria roots 100 mg/kg BW was given to Group 3. Group 4 was given EE of L. siceraria roots 200 mg/kg BW. All administrations were per oral. Analgesic potential was analysed by tail flick method. Results: EE of L. siceraria roots (100 mg/kg BW) increased the reaction time significantly at 15 minutes (p < 0.001) in comparison with the control. Its analgesic potential was equivalent to standard. L. siceraria root extract (200 mg/kg BW) increased the reaction time significantly at 15 and 60 minutes (p < 0.001) in comparison with control. Its analgesic potential was comparable to Aspirin at 15 minutes and 60 minutes. The maximum activity was observed at 60 minutes. Conclusion: The EE of L. siceraria roots possess analgesic activity in albino mice.
Cephalosporins are widely used antibiotics. They are active against a wide range of gram positive... more Cephalosporins are widely used antibiotics. They are active against a wide range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Ceftriaxone is a third generation cephalosporin which is commonly used because of its enhanced efficacy and safety profile. It has high efficacy in a number of bacterial infections like bacterial meningitis, complicated urinary tract infections, multiresistant typhoid fever, abdominal sepsis and septicaemias. Allergic reactions and bleeding are the common adverse reactions caused by ceftriaxone.
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2019
Lipid peroxidation generates free radicals. These free radicals are scavenged by antioxidant defe... more Lipid peroxidation generates free radicals. These free radicals are scavenged by antioxidant defense mechanisms. An imbalance between the free radicals generation and antioxidant mechanisms can result in tissue damage. Several drugs are known to induce lipid peroxidation which can be responsible for their toxic potential. Hence the current study was planned to assess the effect of ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin, on lipid peroxidation and levels of antioxidants in albino mice. Ceftriaxone was injected intraperitoneally at two doses - 100 mg/kg body weight; 200 mg/kg body weight – to albino mice. TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) levels in plasma, erythrocytes as well as tissue and the antioxidant enzymes activities were estimated. The data from ceftriaxone groups was analyzed with control group using ANOVA and Dunnett’s test as post hoc. Ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg body weight) did not alter TBARS levels compared to control. Ceftriaxone - 200 mg/kg body weight,...
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2018
Background: Chemopreventive compounds may play an important role in cancer prevention. However, m... more Background: Chemopreventive compounds may play an important role in cancer prevention. However, many chemopreventive agents available currently are associated with toxicity. Hence, there is a need to screen for newer compounds with chemopreventive potential. Many medicinal plants can be developed as prospective chemopreventive candidates. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the protective effect of ethanolic extract of calotropis procera root in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced genotoxicity in Wistar rats by micronucleus assay. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups randomly. Group 1 received distilled water (control group). Group 2 was administered DMBA (30 mg/kg body weight [BW], single dose) intraperitoneally on the 5th day of the experiment. Group 3 rats were pretreated with C. procera root extract (500 mg/kg BW) orally for 5 days followed by DMBA injection intraperitoneally 2 h after C. procera root extract on the 5th day....
Background: Compliance to medication is an important factor in the success of any treatment. It a... more Background: Compliance to medication is an important factor in the success of any treatment. It also reduces the health care cost. The objective of the study was to examine compliance of patients to treatment and investigate reasons for such compliance and to quantify non adherence to medications and raise awareness about such factors. Methods: A prospective cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted in 300 patients during three month period in 2013. The inclusion criteria was patients aged >18 years of both sexes and on treatment for diseases like asthma, hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease. Compliance was assessed using Morisky-Green test. Data was analysed by SPSS 19 and Chi square test was used to analyse the contingency tables and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study revealed a compliance of 40.7%. There was statistically significant association between compliance and younger age, lower level of education, low socio-economic sta...
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2019
Background: Medicinal plants have been the source of innumerable drugs. Opioids derived from plan... more Background: Medicinal plants have been the source of innumerable drugs. Opioids derived from plants are commonly used analgesics. However, they are associated with side effects ranging from vomiting, constipation to tolerance, and dependence. Hence, the search for safe and efficacious analgesic is on-going. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the analgesic potential of the ethanolic extract of L. siceraria roots (EELSR) in albino mice by radiant heat method and to compare it with pentazocine. Materials and Methods: Albino mice were divided into four groups randomly. Group 1 was given saline (0.1 mg/kg) orally (control). Group 2 was injected pentazocine 4 mg/kg (standard) intraperitoneally. Groups 3 and 4 were test groups and were administered EELSR 100 mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW orally, respectively. Radiant heat method was used to screen for analgesic potential. Results: Our study demonstrated the steady increase in reaction time in the test groups which received...
Diabetes mellitus is the commonest chronic noncommunicable disease in India which affects nearly ... more Diabetes mellitus is the commonest chronic noncommunicable disease in India which affects nearly 7% of adults. The triad of foot ulceration, sepsis, and amputation are the most feared complications of diabetes. Chronic non-healing ulcers of the foot are known to increase the morbidity of these patients. The most significant and devastating complication of diabetes is believed to be diabetic foot and it is estimated that 15% of all diabetics have a lifetime risk of developing it. The WHO definition of diabetic foot is “the foot of patients with diabetes which develops ulceration, infection and / or deep tissues destruction, accompanied by neurological abnormalities and various grades of peripheral vascular disease in the lower limb”. Approximately 5% of all diabetic patients have a history of foot ulceration and in about 15-20% of them their condition progresses to require an amputation. According to numerous studies, nearly 85% of all amputations in diabetic patients are preceded by...
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Background: Free radicals generated as by-products of metabolism can cause damage to lipids, prot... more Background: Free radicals generated as by-products of metabolism can cause damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. They are scavenged by endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. But when these mechanisms are overwhelmed, free radicals can cause toxicity. There is a need to identify new antioxidant compounds. Hence the current study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera roots in Wistar rats.Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (control) were administered vehicle. Group 2 received DMBA (30mg/kg BW, single dose) intraperitoneally on day 5. Group 3 was pre-treated with Calotropis procera root extract (500mg/kg BW) orally for 5 days. On day 5, they were given DMBA injection 2 hrs after the extract. Group 4 rats received only root extract for 5 days. All rats were sacrificed on day 6 and samples were analysed for TBARS, conjugated dienes and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) levels.Results: The levels of TBARS, conjugated ...
IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Mar 15, 2019
Introduction: Skin is one of the most frequently involved organ in adverse drug reactions. A wide... more Introduction: Skin is one of the most frequently involved organ in adverse drug reactions. A wide spectrum of reactions ranging from maculopapular rashes to toxic epidermal necrolysis can be caused by different classes of drugs. Objectives: To evaluate the cutaneous adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care hospital using standard assessment scales. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital between June 2013-May 2017. All the inpatient and outpatient records were analysed for Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) during the study period. Results: Out of 124 patient case files reviewed, 90 patients were included in the study. Of these 90 patients, 55.6% were males. Maximum number of cases were in the age group of 20-39 years (37.8%). Fixed drug eruption and maculopapular rash were the most common CADRs reported. Type of drug reaction was not significantly associated with age and sex. The most common drugs implicated were antibiotics (33.3%) followed by NSAIDs (21.1%). Most of the patients were managed on outpatient basis (67.8%). Probable association was seen in 86.67% and 13.3% had a possible association. About 92.2% of CADRs were in the moderate category. Conclusion: Commonly used drugs can cause CADRs. Hence careful use of drugs weighing the benefit risk ratio is essential. Pharmacovigilance will play a vital role in monitoring ADRs especially those due to the newer drugs.
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Background: Antiepileptics available currently cause teratogenicity and chronic toxicity. Several... more Background: Antiepileptics available currently cause teratogenicity and chronic toxicity. Several plant extracts exhibit the potential to be developed into newer antiepileptics. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the anticonvulsant action of aqueous extract of Centella asiatica and compare it with sodium valproate in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in albino mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male albino mice weighing 18-30 g were divided into four groups. Group I was administered distilled water, group II sodium valproate (300 mg/kg i.p.), and groups III and IV aqueous extract of C. asiatica (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), respectively. Seizures were induced by giving PTZ (80 mg/kg s.c.) 1 h after administration of the respective treatments. Suppression of clonic seizure was considered as an indicator of anticonvulsant action of the compound. Result: The aqueous extract of C. asiatica at both doses (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) suppressed the clonic seizures in mice, and this was statistically significant. The anticonvulsant action of the extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg was comparable to that of sodium valproate in this study. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of C. asiatica at a dose of 300 mg/kg has shown anticonvulsant action comparable to sodium valproate in PTZ-induced seizures.
International Surgery Journal, 2016
Thrombo-angitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presen... more Thrombo-angitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of segmental thrombosis and occlusions of small and medium sized arteries in the lower and frequently the upper limbs, associated with prominent arterial wall inflammatory cell infiltration. In 1847, Von Winiwater first described thrombo-angitis obliterans (TAO). However, Leo Buerger studied this disease extensively and in 1924 published a book and hence it is also called Winiwater-Buerger's disease. 1,2 Even though TAO is seen worldwide, there is higher prevalence in India, Southeast Asia and eastern European countries than the West. 3-6 It is predominantly seen in young adult male smokers. 4-8 The pathogenesis is poorly understood and most hypotheses are controversial. Smoking is the major aetiological agent in the pathogenesis of this disease. 3-6 However it is unwise to consider this disease to be caused by single aetiological agent i.e. smoking. A lot of questions have to be answered-why is it common in the East where the smoking is universal? Why all heavy smokers do not end up with the disease? Why is it common among the poor ABSTRACT Background: Thrombo-angitis obliterans (TAO) is a disease of young and middle aged individuals who are addicted to smoking from early teens. Greater awareness should be created among the general population regarding smoking, as it is the major cause of TAO. Early diagnosis and management is essential as it is a self limiting disease with complete cessation of smoking. Methods: 50 patients of TAO were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected by history, clinical examination and radiological investigation. Patients were treated with conservative management, lumbar sympathectomy, cervical sympathectomy, disarticulation and amputation. Results: Majority of the patients were in the age group of 30-40 years. All the patients were males belonging to low socioeconomic status and chronic smokers. Most of them had right lower limb involvement and presented with rest pain with intermittent claudication. Majority of them were manual workers. 80% of the patients had low temperature in the affected limb. 96% of the patients had dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial arteries involvement. 44 patients underwent lumbar sympathectomy. Ischaemic ulcer healed in 56% of these patients, colour changes improved in 78% and rest pain improved in 42%. Conclusions: TAO was common in males aged 30-40 years belonging to low socioeconomic status. Lower limb was commonly involved. Smoking has a definite role in the development of TAO. Pain was the predominant complaint. Manual labourers were commonly affected. Medium to small calibre vessels were involved. Majority of the patients were treated by lumbar sympathectomy.
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
Lipid peroxidation can produce DNA adducts that can result in genotoxicity. It is involved in pat... more Lipid peroxidation can produce DNA adducts that can result in genotoxicity. It is involved in pathophysiology of various diseases and drug induced toxicities. Several cephalosporins are reported to cause chromosomal aberrations. Hence this study was planned to evaluate the genotoxic and lipid peroxidative potential of Ceftriaxone in Wistar rats. Ceftriaxone was given at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight and 1000 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally to Wistar rats. Genotoxicity was tested by performing in vivo micronucleus test. The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (%MnPCEs) and polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE:NCE) were estimated. Lipid peroxidative potential was assessed by estimating TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) levels in plasma, erythrocytes and tissue. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were also estimated. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and Dunnett's test as post hoc. Ceftriaxone at both doses did not increase the % MnPCEs and PCE: NCE ratio in Wistar rats.Ceftriaxone at the dose of 500 mg/ kg body weight has significantly altered TBARS levels in erythrocytes. But at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight, it has significantly increased plasma, erythrocyte and tissue TBARS levels. The activity of SOD was decreased significantly by ceftriaxone at both doses. The activity of GSH was decreased significantly by ceftriaxone at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight. Our study demonstrates that Ceftriaxone does not have the potential to cause genotoxicity. However, it does induce lipid peroxidation and alter the activities of antioxidant enzymes in Wistar rats.
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2018
Introduction: Analgesics relieve pain which otherwise can cause distress and suffering. But analg... more Introduction: Analgesics relieve pain which otherwise can cause distress and suffering. But analgesics like NSAIDs and opioids can cause side effects like gastric irritation, tolerance and dependence. Hence it is essential to develop new compounds with analgesic potential.
Objectives: To evaluate the analgesic potential of ethanolic extract (EE) of Lagenaria siceraria (L. siceraria) root by tail flick method in albino mice.
Materials and Methods: Animals were allocated to four groups. Group 1(control) was administered normal saline. Group 2 was given aspirin 40 mg/kg (Standard). EE of L. siceraria roots 100 mg/kg BW was given to Group 3. Group 4 was given EE of L. siceraria roots 200 mg/kg BW. All administrations were per oral. Analgesic potential was analysed by tail flick method.
Results: EE of L. siceraria roots (100 mg/kg BW) increased the reaction time significantly at 15 minutes (p < 0> Conclusion: The EE of L. siceraria roots possess analgesic activity in albino mice.
Keywords: L. siceraria, Analgesic, Albino mice, Tail flick
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2022
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2022
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Physiology and Pharmacology
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
Background: Inflammation is a defensive mechanism that protects the body from noxious stimuli. Cu... more Background: Inflammation is a defensive mechanism that protects the body from noxious stimuli. Currently available anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with numerous adverse effects. Hence there is a need for novel anti-inflammatory agent with better safety profile. The current study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic and hexane extracts of Sesamum indicum L. seeds by carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema respectively in Wistar rats. Methods: The animals were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 was given normal saline orally and Group 2 Indomethacin. Groups 3-5 in Carrageenan model were administered ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum L. at three doses - 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg respectively, whereas in Formalin model, they were given hexane extract at the same doses orally. Anti-inflammatory potential was investigated by Carrageenan and Formalin induced models of inflammation. Results: Sesamum indicum L. ethanolic extract at 250 mg/kg exhi...
Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2019
Introduction: Analgesics relieve pain which otherwise can cause distress and suffering. But analg... more Introduction: Analgesics relieve pain which otherwise can cause distress and suffering. But analgesics like NSAIDs and opioids can cause side effects like gastric irritation, tolerance and dependence. Hence it is essential to develop new compounds with analgesic potential. Objectives: To evaluate the analgesic potential of ethanolic extract (EE) of Lagenaria siceraria (L. siceraria) root by tail flick method in albino mice. Materials and Methods: Animals were allocated to four groups. Group 1(control) was administered normal saline. Group 2 was given aspirin 40 mg/kg (Standard). EE of L. siceraria roots 100 mg/kg BW was given to Group 3. Group 4 was given EE of L. siceraria roots 200 mg/kg BW. All administrations were per oral. Analgesic potential was analysed by tail flick method. Results: EE of L. siceraria roots (100 mg/kg BW) increased the reaction time significantly at 15 minutes (p < 0.001) in comparison with the control. Its analgesic potential was equivalent to standard. L. siceraria root extract (200 mg/kg BW) increased the reaction time significantly at 15 and 60 minutes (p < 0.001) in comparison with control. Its analgesic potential was comparable to Aspirin at 15 minutes and 60 minutes. The maximum activity was observed at 60 minutes. Conclusion: The EE of L. siceraria roots possess analgesic activity in albino mice.
Cephalosporins are widely used antibiotics. They are active against a wide range of gram positive... more Cephalosporins are widely used antibiotics. They are active against a wide range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Ceftriaxone is a third generation cephalosporin which is commonly used because of its enhanced efficacy and safety profile. It has high efficacy in a number of bacterial infections like bacterial meningitis, complicated urinary tract infections, multiresistant typhoid fever, abdominal sepsis and septicaemias. Allergic reactions and bleeding are the common adverse reactions caused by ceftriaxone.
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2019
Lipid peroxidation generates free radicals. These free radicals are scavenged by antioxidant defe... more Lipid peroxidation generates free radicals. These free radicals are scavenged by antioxidant defense mechanisms. An imbalance between the free radicals generation and antioxidant mechanisms can result in tissue damage. Several drugs are known to induce lipid peroxidation which can be responsible for their toxic potential. Hence the current study was planned to assess the effect of ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin, on lipid peroxidation and levels of antioxidants in albino mice. Ceftriaxone was injected intraperitoneally at two doses - 100 mg/kg body weight; 200 mg/kg body weight – to albino mice. TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) levels in plasma, erythrocytes as well as tissue and the antioxidant enzymes activities were estimated. The data from ceftriaxone groups was analyzed with control group using ANOVA and Dunnett’s test as post hoc. Ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg body weight) did not alter TBARS levels compared to control. Ceftriaxone - 200 mg/kg body weight,...
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2018
Background: Chemopreventive compounds may play an important role in cancer prevention. However, m... more Background: Chemopreventive compounds may play an important role in cancer prevention. However, many chemopreventive agents available currently are associated with toxicity. Hence, there is a need to screen for newer compounds with chemopreventive potential. Many medicinal plants can be developed as prospective chemopreventive candidates. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the protective effect of ethanolic extract of calotropis procera root in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced genotoxicity in Wistar rats by micronucleus assay. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups randomly. Group 1 received distilled water (control group). Group 2 was administered DMBA (30 mg/kg body weight [BW], single dose) intraperitoneally on the 5th day of the experiment. Group 3 rats were pretreated with C. procera root extract (500 mg/kg BW) orally for 5 days followed by DMBA injection intraperitoneally 2 h after C. procera root extract on the 5th day....
Background: Compliance to medication is an important factor in the success of any treatment. It a... more Background: Compliance to medication is an important factor in the success of any treatment. It also reduces the health care cost. The objective of the study was to examine compliance of patients to treatment and investigate reasons for such compliance and to quantify non adherence to medications and raise awareness about such factors. Methods: A prospective cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted in 300 patients during three month period in 2013. The inclusion criteria was patients aged >18 years of both sexes and on treatment for diseases like asthma, hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease. Compliance was assessed using Morisky-Green test. Data was analysed by SPSS 19 and Chi square test was used to analyse the contingency tables and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study revealed a compliance of 40.7%. There was statistically significant association between compliance and younger age, lower level of education, low socio-economic sta...
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2019
Background: Medicinal plants have been the source of innumerable drugs. Opioids derived from plan... more Background: Medicinal plants have been the source of innumerable drugs. Opioids derived from plants are commonly used analgesics. However, they are associated with side effects ranging from vomiting, constipation to tolerance, and dependence. Hence, the search for safe and efficacious analgesic is on-going. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the analgesic potential of the ethanolic extract of L. siceraria roots (EELSR) in albino mice by radiant heat method and to compare it with pentazocine. Materials and Methods: Albino mice were divided into four groups randomly. Group 1 was given saline (0.1 mg/kg) orally (control). Group 2 was injected pentazocine 4 mg/kg (standard) intraperitoneally. Groups 3 and 4 were test groups and were administered EELSR 100 mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW orally, respectively. Radiant heat method was used to screen for analgesic potential. Results: Our study demonstrated the steady increase in reaction time in the test groups which received...
Diabetes mellitus is the commonest chronic noncommunicable disease in India which affects nearly ... more Diabetes mellitus is the commonest chronic noncommunicable disease in India which affects nearly 7% of adults. The triad of foot ulceration, sepsis, and amputation are the most feared complications of diabetes. Chronic non-healing ulcers of the foot are known to increase the morbidity of these patients. The most significant and devastating complication of diabetes is believed to be diabetic foot and it is estimated that 15% of all diabetics have a lifetime risk of developing it. The WHO definition of diabetic foot is “the foot of patients with diabetes which develops ulceration, infection and / or deep tissues destruction, accompanied by neurological abnormalities and various grades of peripheral vascular disease in the lower limb”. Approximately 5% of all diabetic patients have a history of foot ulceration and in about 15-20% of them their condition progresses to require an amputation. According to numerous studies, nearly 85% of all amputations in diabetic patients are preceded by...
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Background: Free radicals generated as by-products of metabolism can cause damage to lipids, prot... more Background: Free radicals generated as by-products of metabolism can cause damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. They are scavenged by endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. But when these mechanisms are overwhelmed, free radicals can cause toxicity. There is a need to identify new antioxidant compounds. Hence the current study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera roots in Wistar rats.Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (control) were administered vehicle. Group 2 received DMBA (30mg/kg BW, single dose) intraperitoneally on day 5. Group 3 was pre-treated with Calotropis procera root extract (500mg/kg BW) orally for 5 days. On day 5, they were given DMBA injection 2 hrs after the extract. Group 4 rats received only root extract for 5 days. All rats were sacrificed on day 6 and samples were analysed for TBARS, conjugated dienes and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) levels.Results: The levels of TBARS, conjugated ...
IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Mar 15, 2019
Introduction: Skin is one of the most frequently involved organ in adverse drug reactions. A wide... more Introduction: Skin is one of the most frequently involved organ in adverse drug reactions. A wide spectrum of reactions ranging from maculopapular rashes to toxic epidermal necrolysis can be caused by different classes of drugs. Objectives: To evaluate the cutaneous adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care hospital using standard assessment scales. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital between June 2013-May 2017. All the inpatient and outpatient records were analysed for Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) during the study period. Results: Out of 124 patient case files reviewed, 90 patients were included in the study. Of these 90 patients, 55.6% were males. Maximum number of cases were in the age group of 20-39 years (37.8%). Fixed drug eruption and maculopapular rash were the most common CADRs reported. Type of drug reaction was not significantly associated with age and sex. The most common drugs implicated were antibiotics (33.3%) followed by NSAIDs (21.1%). Most of the patients were managed on outpatient basis (67.8%). Probable association was seen in 86.67% and 13.3% had a possible association. About 92.2% of CADRs were in the moderate category. Conclusion: Commonly used drugs can cause CADRs. Hence careful use of drugs weighing the benefit risk ratio is essential. Pharmacovigilance will play a vital role in monitoring ADRs especially those due to the newer drugs.
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Background: Antiepileptics available currently cause teratogenicity and chronic toxicity. Several... more Background: Antiepileptics available currently cause teratogenicity and chronic toxicity. Several plant extracts exhibit the potential to be developed into newer antiepileptics. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the anticonvulsant action of aqueous extract of Centella asiatica and compare it with sodium valproate in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in albino mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male albino mice weighing 18-30 g were divided into four groups. Group I was administered distilled water, group II sodium valproate (300 mg/kg i.p.), and groups III and IV aqueous extract of C. asiatica (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), respectively. Seizures were induced by giving PTZ (80 mg/kg s.c.) 1 h after administration of the respective treatments. Suppression of clonic seizure was considered as an indicator of anticonvulsant action of the compound. Result: The aqueous extract of C. asiatica at both doses (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) suppressed the clonic seizures in mice, and this was statistically significant. The anticonvulsant action of the extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg was comparable to that of sodium valproate in this study. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of C. asiatica at a dose of 300 mg/kg has shown anticonvulsant action comparable to sodium valproate in PTZ-induced seizures.
International Surgery Journal, 2016
Thrombo-angitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presen... more Thrombo-angitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of segmental thrombosis and occlusions of small and medium sized arteries in the lower and frequently the upper limbs, associated with prominent arterial wall inflammatory cell infiltration. In 1847, Von Winiwater first described thrombo-angitis obliterans (TAO). However, Leo Buerger studied this disease extensively and in 1924 published a book and hence it is also called Winiwater-Buerger's disease. 1,2 Even though TAO is seen worldwide, there is higher prevalence in India, Southeast Asia and eastern European countries than the West. 3-6 It is predominantly seen in young adult male smokers. 4-8 The pathogenesis is poorly understood and most hypotheses are controversial. Smoking is the major aetiological agent in the pathogenesis of this disease. 3-6 However it is unwise to consider this disease to be caused by single aetiological agent i.e. smoking. A lot of questions have to be answered-why is it common in the East where the smoking is universal? Why all heavy smokers do not end up with the disease? Why is it common among the poor ABSTRACT Background: Thrombo-angitis obliterans (TAO) is a disease of young and middle aged individuals who are addicted to smoking from early teens. Greater awareness should be created among the general population regarding smoking, as it is the major cause of TAO. Early diagnosis and management is essential as it is a self limiting disease with complete cessation of smoking. Methods: 50 patients of TAO were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected by history, clinical examination and radiological investigation. Patients were treated with conservative management, lumbar sympathectomy, cervical sympathectomy, disarticulation and amputation. Results: Majority of the patients were in the age group of 30-40 years. All the patients were males belonging to low socioeconomic status and chronic smokers. Most of them had right lower limb involvement and presented with rest pain with intermittent claudication. Majority of them were manual workers. 80% of the patients had low temperature in the affected limb. 96% of the patients had dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial arteries involvement. 44 patients underwent lumbar sympathectomy. Ischaemic ulcer healed in 56% of these patients, colour changes improved in 78% and rest pain improved in 42%. Conclusions: TAO was common in males aged 30-40 years belonging to low socioeconomic status. Lower limb was commonly involved. Smoking has a definite role in the development of TAO. Pain was the predominant complaint. Manual labourers were commonly affected. Medium to small calibre vessels were involved. Majority of the patients were treated by lumbar sympathectomy.
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
Lipid peroxidation can produce DNA adducts that can result in genotoxicity. It is involved in pat... more Lipid peroxidation can produce DNA adducts that can result in genotoxicity. It is involved in pathophysiology of various diseases and drug induced toxicities. Several cephalosporins are reported to cause chromosomal aberrations. Hence this study was planned to evaluate the genotoxic and lipid peroxidative potential of Ceftriaxone in Wistar rats. Ceftriaxone was given at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight and 1000 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally to Wistar rats. Genotoxicity was tested by performing in vivo micronucleus test. The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (%MnPCEs) and polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE:NCE) were estimated. Lipid peroxidative potential was assessed by estimating TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) levels in plasma, erythrocytes and tissue. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were also estimated. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and Dunnett's test as post hoc. Ceftriaxone at both doses did not increase the % MnPCEs and PCE: NCE ratio in Wistar rats.Ceftriaxone at the dose of 500 mg/ kg body weight has significantly altered TBARS levels in erythrocytes. But at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight, it has significantly increased plasma, erythrocyte and tissue TBARS levels. The activity of SOD was decreased significantly by ceftriaxone at both doses. The activity of GSH was decreased significantly by ceftriaxone at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight. Our study demonstrates that Ceftriaxone does not have the potential to cause genotoxicity. However, it does induce lipid peroxidation and alter the activities of antioxidant enzymes in Wistar rats.
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2018
Introduction: Analgesics relieve pain which otherwise can cause distress and suffering. But analg... more Introduction: Analgesics relieve pain which otherwise can cause distress and suffering. But analgesics like NSAIDs and opioids can cause side effects like gastric irritation, tolerance and dependence. Hence it is essential to develop new compounds with analgesic potential.
Objectives: To evaluate the analgesic potential of ethanolic extract (EE) of Lagenaria siceraria (L. siceraria) root by tail flick method in albino mice.
Materials and Methods: Animals were allocated to four groups. Group 1(control) was administered normal saline. Group 2 was given aspirin 40 mg/kg (Standard). EE of L. siceraria roots 100 mg/kg BW was given to Group 3. Group 4 was given EE of L. siceraria roots 200 mg/kg BW. All administrations were per oral. Analgesic potential was analysed by tail flick method.
Results: EE of L. siceraria roots (100 mg/kg BW) increased the reaction time significantly at 15 minutes (p < 0> Conclusion: The EE of L. siceraria roots possess analgesic activity in albino mice.
Keywords: L. siceraria, Analgesic, Albino mice, Tail flick