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Papers by Michał Sarnowski

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of resistance to permanent deformations of asphalt mixes of low air void content

Open Engineering, 2021

This article presents the issue of resistance to permanent deformations of bridge pavements. In E... more This article presents the issue of resistance to permanent deformations of bridge pavements. In Europe, bridge asphalt pavement usually consists of the wearing course and the protective layer, which are paved on the waterproofing. Protective layers of bridge pavement are often constructed using low air void asphalt mixes. Such mixes are characterized by water-tightness, resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, and enhanced fatigue life. Due to increased binder content, asphalt mixes for bridge pavement may display reduced resistance to permanent deformations. The article presents the test results of resistance to permanent deformations of asphalt mixes for bridge pavement. The study compares the rutting resistance for mixture use with low air void content. This specific kind of mixtures are dedicated to pavements on bridge deck. In this study, the resistance to permanent deformations was tested depending on the content of grit structure and air void content. Laboratory te...

Research paper thumbnail of Study of High-Temperature Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Used for Bridge Pavement with Concrete Deck

Materials, 2021

The paper presents the issue of resistance to permanent deformations of bridge pavements placed u... more The paper presents the issue of resistance to permanent deformations of bridge pavements placed upon concrete bridge decks. In Europe, bridge asphalt pavement usually consists of a wearing course and a protective layer, which are placed over the insulation (waterproofing). Protective layers of bridge pavement are commonly constructed using low air void content asphalt mixes as this provides the suitable tightness of such layers. Due to increased binder content, asphalt mixes for bridge pavement may have reduced resistance to permanent deformations. The article presents test results of resistance to permanent deformations of asphalt mixes for the protective layers. In order to determine the composition of mixtures with low air void content and resistance to permanent deformation, an experimental design was applied using a new concept of asphalt mix composition. Twenty-seven different asphalt mixture compositions were analyzed. The mixtures varied in terms of binder content, sand cont...

Research paper thumbnail of Modyfikacja lepiszczy asfaltowych polimerami i kwasem polifosforowym

Research paper thumbnail of Badania mikrostruktury asfaltów modyfikowanych w mikroskopie fluorescencyjnym

Research paper thumbnail of Badania asfaltów modyfikowanych estrami metylowymi olejów roślinnych

Research paper thumbnail of Zastosowanie strzępów gumowych w budownictwie drogowym

Research paper thumbnail of Analiza lepkosprężystych właściwości asfaltów i polimeroasfaltów

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of high temperature on properties of materials used in bridge asphalt pavement structures

Roads and bridges - Drogi i mosty, 2015

Bridge deck surface might exceptionally become exposed to extreme high temperature conditions dur... more Bridge deck surface might exceptionally become exposed to extreme high temperature conditions during fires caused, for example by vehicle failures. Bituminous binders and asphalt mixtures are thermoplastic components of surfacing and waterproofing layers, which means that their properties vary depending on the temperature. These materials, when exposed to high temperature conditions, may lose their viscoelastic properties, resulting in failure of pavement. This paper presents the results of experimental research and analyses of the effect of exposure to high temperature for a short period of time on the behaviour of bitumens and asphalt mixtures used for installation of waterproofing layers and bridge deck surfacing courses. The following materials were subjected to thermal conditioning under this research: bituminous waterproofing membranes, traditional mastic (M), mastic asphalt enriched with chippings (SMA-MA), stone mastic asphalt (SMA), mastic asphalt (MA) and asphalt concrete ...

Research paper thumbnail of Wpływ nowej metody modyfikacji asfaltów drogowych kwasem polifosforowym na zmiany odporności na starzenie

Research paper thumbnail of Badania sztywności pełzania asfaltów w reometrze zginanej belki (BBR)

Research paper thumbnail of Ocena adhezji asfaltów modyfikowanych do kruszyw mineralnych

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of an Appropriate Modifier Content in Modified Bitumen Based on the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test

Construction of a durable bituminous pavements requires high quality materials such as bituminous... more Construction of a durable bituminous pavements requires high quality materials such as bituminous binders with extended viscoelastic properties. The main objective of this paper was to compare and analyse high temperature viscoelastic properties of polymer modified bitumen (PMB) in order to assess appropriate modifier content. In this paper, there is described multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) procedure in accordance to Superpave PG specification. Using the MSCR procedure, comparison with a traditional PG criteria was discussed. PG criteria and MSCR procedure were used to asses properties of polymer modified bitumens produced in Europe and to classified them in accordance to European standards. Additionally, new MSCR procedure was used to verify properties of binders used for construction of high traffic load pavements. Based on a conventional tests (penetration, softening point, elastic recovery and Fraass breaking point) as well as recovery and non-recoverable creep compliance...

Research paper thumbnail of Bitumen Binders Properties – Middle-European Climate Requirements

The article concerns the properties of bitumens and modified binders manufactured in Poland and u... more The article concerns the properties of bitumens and modified binders manufactured in Poland and used inCentral and Eastern Europe for road paving. The aim of the article is to evaluate the properties of bituminous bindersin terms of the climatic conditions of Central and Eastern Europe, taking the Polish climate as an example. In order toobtain a qualitative assessment of binders taking into account their role in the formation of road surface and its operatingconditions in a wide range of temperatures, extensive research of the binders most commonly used in the constructionof asphalt pavement were carried out. Aside from the results of standard tests, this article also presents theresults of studies determining the functional properties of binders according to the SUPERPAVE method.Based on the results, it was found that the bituminous binders meet the requirements specified in European standardsand technical guidelines. The temperature range of viscoelasticity of all the tested bitu...

Research paper thumbnail of Bituminous binders fluxed with vegetable oil methyl esters and asphalt mixtures with these binders

In this research, conventional bitumen solvents were replaced with environmentally-friendly fluxe... more In this research, conventional bitumen solvents were replaced with environmentally-friendly fluxes obtained from vegetable oils. These binders are hardened by cross-linking unsaturated fatty acids due to oxidation instead of evaporation of the solvent. The binders have an ignition point above 200degreesC, so their application does not cause safety problems. Rapeseed and linseed oils were used, as well as their methyl esters. Rapeseed oil and rapeseed methyl ester need oxidation in the presence of a catalyst before they are mixed with bitumen. A binary catalyst composed of cobalt and zirconium naphthenates was found to be most effective. Linseed oil and linseed oil methyl ester do not need oxidation before they are mixed with bitumen, but the addition of a catalyst is necessary. Vegetable oil methyl esters proved to be better bitumen fluxes than their respective oils. Of the liquid binders tested, the one with linseed oil methyl ester used as a flux had the best properties. It change...

Research paper thumbnail of Mieszanki mineralno-asfaltowe z lepiszczem polimerowo-gumowym do warstw ścieralnych

Research paper thumbnail of Właściwości asfaltów modyfikowanych gumą i mieszanek mineralno-gumowo-asfaltowych

Research paper thumbnail of Właściwości mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych z kruszywami polodowcowymi

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of High Process Temperature on Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer Modified Bitumen in Waterproofing and Bridge Pavements

This paper presents the most widespread materials and technological solutions of pavement systems... more This paper presents the most widespread materials and technological solutions of pavement systems on bridge decks used in countries of central Europe, including Poland, with particular emphasis on the impact of high process temperatures on bridge surfacing systems durability. In Europe, the dominant system solutions on bridges is to lay on the steel or concrete deck bridge waterproofing layer (insulation) and then asphalt layers, consisting of waterproofing protective course and a wearing course. For the bridge pavements several kinds of asphalt mixtures containing polymer modified bitumen can be used. In recent years, the protective and wearing courses are mostly built from mastic asphalt. In the research was proved that the impact of high process temperatures (above 250°C) was particularly destructive for commonly used polymer modified bitumen in bridge pavements and waterproofing layers.

Research paper thumbnail of Environmentally friendly material and technological solutions of road pavements

Budownictwo i Architektura, 2014

In recent years road construction is a subject of dynamic changes. The main challenge for designe... more In recent years road construction is a subject of dynamic changes. The main challenge for designers and technologists is to develop durable and environmental friendly road technologies that can be successfully applied on natural valuable areas. The paper presents selected modern material and technological solutions used for road pavements on areas under special protection (eg Natura 2000). An example of modern environmentally friendly solutions in road construction are: asphalt pavements with the addition of rubber from used car tires, asphalt mixtures with reduced emissions of volatile substances, “quiet” pavements, pavements from recycled materials and from local materials, “biologically active” pavements (permeable mineral layers). Modern and ecological pavements are the important part of science activity of Warsaw University of Technology. New ongoing project is designed to identify the main directions of technological development of road construction in the next 30 years, with ...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of technology temperature on the fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures used for bridge pavement

Budownictwo i Architektura, 2014

Bridges are an integral part of road infrastructure. In times of the roadnetwork expansion in Pol... more Bridges are an integral part of road infrastructure. In times of the roadnetwork expansion in Poland a lot of bridges were constructed. Due to the nature of work, a bridge structure should comply with specific features and requirements. This article presents the results of the fatigue life of selected asphalt mixtures used in bridge structures. Mixtures for various pavement layers were investigated. The effect of high temperature on stiffness modulus and fatigue cracking resistance with different levels of strain were analyzed. These relationships were presented in the regression equations form. The crucial influence of increased technology temperature on asphalt mix fatigue life was proved.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of resistance to permanent deformations of asphalt mixes of low air void content

Open Engineering, 2021

This article presents the issue of resistance to permanent deformations of bridge pavements. In E... more This article presents the issue of resistance to permanent deformations of bridge pavements. In Europe, bridge asphalt pavement usually consists of the wearing course and the protective layer, which are paved on the waterproofing. Protective layers of bridge pavement are often constructed using low air void asphalt mixes. Such mixes are characterized by water-tightness, resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, and enhanced fatigue life. Due to increased binder content, asphalt mixes for bridge pavement may display reduced resistance to permanent deformations. The article presents the test results of resistance to permanent deformations of asphalt mixes for bridge pavement. The study compares the rutting resistance for mixture use with low air void content. This specific kind of mixtures are dedicated to pavements on bridge deck. In this study, the resistance to permanent deformations was tested depending on the content of grit structure and air void content. Laboratory te...

Research paper thumbnail of Study of High-Temperature Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Used for Bridge Pavement with Concrete Deck

Materials, 2021

The paper presents the issue of resistance to permanent deformations of bridge pavements placed u... more The paper presents the issue of resistance to permanent deformations of bridge pavements placed upon concrete bridge decks. In Europe, bridge asphalt pavement usually consists of a wearing course and a protective layer, which are placed over the insulation (waterproofing). Protective layers of bridge pavement are commonly constructed using low air void content asphalt mixes as this provides the suitable tightness of such layers. Due to increased binder content, asphalt mixes for bridge pavement may have reduced resistance to permanent deformations. The article presents test results of resistance to permanent deformations of asphalt mixes for the protective layers. In order to determine the composition of mixtures with low air void content and resistance to permanent deformation, an experimental design was applied using a new concept of asphalt mix composition. Twenty-seven different asphalt mixture compositions were analyzed. The mixtures varied in terms of binder content, sand cont...

Research paper thumbnail of Modyfikacja lepiszczy asfaltowych polimerami i kwasem polifosforowym

Research paper thumbnail of Badania mikrostruktury asfaltów modyfikowanych w mikroskopie fluorescencyjnym

Research paper thumbnail of Badania asfaltów modyfikowanych estrami metylowymi olejów roślinnych

Research paper thumbnail of Zastosowanie strzępów gumowych w budownictwie drogowym

Research paper thumbnail of Analiza lepkosprężystych właściwości asfaltów i polimeroasfaltów

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of high temperature on properties of materials used in bridge asphalt pavement structures

Roads and bridges - Drogi i mosty, 2015

Bridge deck surface might exceptionally become exposed to extreme high temperature conditions dur... more Bridge deck surface might exceptionally become exposed to extreme high temperature conditions during fires caused, for example by vehicle failures. Bituminous binders and asphalt mixtures are thermoplastic components of surfacing and waterproofing layers, which means that their properties vary depending on the temperature. These materials, when exposed to high temperature conditions, may lose their viscoelastic properties, resulting in failure of pavement. This paper presents the results of experimental research and analyses of the effect of exposure to high temperature for a short period of time on the behaviour of bitumens and asphalt mixtures used for installation of waterproofing layers and bridge deck surfacing courses. The following materials were subjected to thermal conditioning under this research: bituminous waterproofing membranes, traditional mastic (M), mastic asphalt enriched with chippings (SMA-MA), stone mastic asphalt (SMA), mastic asphalt (MA) and asphalt concrete ...

Research paper thumbnail of Wpływ nowej metody modyfikacji asfaltów drogowych kwasem polifosforowym na zmiany odporności na starzenie

Research paper thumbnail of Badania sztywności pełzania asfaltów w reometrze zginanej belki (BBR)

Research paper thumbnail of Ocena adhezji asfaltów modyfikowanych do kruszyw mineralnych

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of an Appropriate Modifier Content in Modified Bitumen Based on the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test

Construction of a durable bituminous pavements requires high quality materials such as bituminous... more Construction of a durable bituminous pavements requires high quality materials such as bituminous binders with extended viscoelastic properties. The main objective of this paper was to compare and analyse high temperature viscoelastic properties of polymer modified bitumen (PMB) in order to assess appropriate modifier content. In this paper, there is described multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) procedure in accordance to Superpave PG specification. Using the MSCR procedure, comparison with a traditional PG criteria was discussed. PG criteria and MSCR procedure were used to asses properties of polymer modified bitumens produced in Europe and to classified them in accordance to European standards. Additionally, new MSCR procedure was used to verify properties of binders used for construction of high traffic load pavements. Based on a conventional tests (penetration, softening point, elastic recovery and Fraass breaking point) as well as recovery and non-recoverable creep compliance...

Research paper thumbnail of Bitumen Binders Properties – Middle-European Climate Requirements

The article concerns the properties of bitumens and modified binders manufactured in Poland and u... more The article concerns the properties of bitumens and modified binders manufactured in Poland and used inCentral and Eastern Europe for road paving. The aim of the article is to evaluate the properties of bituminous bindersin terms of the climatic conditions of Central and Eastern Europe, taking the Polish climate as an example. In order toobtain a qualitative assessment of binders taking into account their role in the formation of road surface and its operatingconditions in a wide range of temperatures, extensive research of the binders most commonly used in the constructionof asphalt pavement were carried out. Aside from the results of standard tests, this article also presents theresults of studies determining the functional properties of binders according to the SUPERPAVE method.Based on the results, it was found that the bituminous binders meet the requirements specified in European standardsand technical guidelines. The temperature range of viscoelasticity of all the tested bitu...

Research paper thumbnail of Bituminous binders fluxed with vegetable oil methyl esters and asphalt mixtures with these binders

In this research, conventional bitumen solvents were replaced with environmentally-friendly fluxe... more In this research, conventional bitumen solvents were replaced with environmentally-friendly fluxes obtained from vegetable oils. These binders are hardened by cross-linking unsaturated fatty acids due to oxidation instead of evaporation of the solvent. The binders have an ignition point above 200degreesC, so their application does not cause safety problems. Rapeseed and linseed oils were used, as well as their methyl esters. Rapeseed oil and rapeseed methyl ester need oxidation in the presence of a catalyst before they are mixed with bitumen. A binary catalyst composed of cobalt and zirconium naphthenates was found to be most effective. Linseed oil and linseed oil methyl ester do not need oxidation before they are mixed with bitumen, but the addition of a catalyst is necessary. Vegetable oil methyl esters proved to be better bitumen fluxes than their respective oils. Of the liquid binders tested, the one with linseed oil methyl ester used as a flux had the best properties. It change...

Research paper thumbnail of Mieszanki mineralno-asfaltowe z lepiszczem polimerowo-gumowym do warstw ścieralnych

Research paper thumbnail of Właściwości asfaltów modyfikowanych gumą i mieszanek mineralno-gumowo-asfaltowych

Research paper thumbnail of Właściwości mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych z kruszywami polodowcowymi

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of High Process Temperature on Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer Modified Bitumen in Waterproofing and Bridge Pavements

This paper presents the most widespread materials and technological solutions of pavement systems... more This paper presents the most widespread materials and technological solutions of pavement systems on bridge decks used in countries of central Europe, including Poland, with particular emphasis on the impact of high process temperatures on bridge surfacing systems durability. In Europe, the dominant system solutions on bridges is to lay on the steel or concrete deck bridge waterproofing layer (insulation) and then asphalt layers, consisting of waterproofing protective course and a wearing course. For the bridge pavements several kinds of asphalt mixtures containing polymer modified bitumen can be used. In recent years, the protective and wearing courses are mostly built from mastic asphalt. In the research was proved that the impact of high process temperatures (above 250°C) was particularly destructive for commonly used polymer modified bitumen in bridge pavements and waterproofing layers.

Research paper thumbnail of Environmentally friendly material and technological solutions of road pavements

Budownictwo i Architektura, 2014

In recent years road construction is a subject of dynamic changes. The main challenge for designe... more In recent years road construction is a subject of dynamic changes. The main challenge for designers and technologists is to develop durable and environmental friendly road technologies that can be successfully applied on natural valuable areas. The paper presents selected modern material and technological solutions used for road pavements on areas under special protection (eg Natura 2000). An example of modern environmentally friendly solutions in road construction are: asphalt pavements with the addition of rubber from used car tires, asphalt mixtures with reduced emissions of volatile substances, “quiet” pavements, pavements from recycled materials and from local materials, “biologically active” pavements (permeable mineral layers). Modern and ecological pavements are the important part of science activity of Warsaw University of Technology. New ongoing project is designed to identify the main directions of technological development of road construction in the next 30 years, with ...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of technology temperature on the fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures used for bridge pavement

Budownictwo i Architektura, 2014

Bridges are an integral part of road infrastructure. In times of the roadnetwork expansion in Pol... more Bridges are an integral part of road infrastructure. In times of the roadnetwork expansion in Poland a lot of bridges were constructed. Due to the nature of work, a bridge structure should comply with specific features and requirements. This article presents the results of the fatigue life of selected asphalt mixtures used in bridge structures. Mixtures for various pavement layers were investigated. The effect of high temperature on stiffness modulus and fatigue cracking resistance with different levels of strain were analyzed. These relationships were presented in the regression equations form. The crucial influence of increased technology temperature on asphalt mix fatigue life was proved.