Michael Andrew - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Michael Andrew

Psychiatry Research, 2009

Chronic stress can result in frequent or persistent challenges of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adre... more Chronic stress can result in frequent or persistent challenges of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis resulting in abnormal cortisol patterns and increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Police work is an environment replete with stress. The present article describes associations between cortisol, a biomarker of stress, and brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) in police officers. A random sample stratified on

American Journal of Human Biology, 2014

Objective: Low heart rate variability (HRV) has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Our object... more Objective: Low heart rate variability (HRV) has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to examine the cross-sectional association between insulin and HRV.

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2013

Purpose Police work is a stressful occupation. Depressive symptoms, which may occur as a result o... more Purpose Police work is a stressful occupation. Depressive symptoms, which may occur as a result of exposure to stressors in police work, have been known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between depressive symptoms and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) among police officers. Methods CIMT was measured with B-mode carotid ultrasonography. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Analyses of variance and covariance were utilized to examine the mean values of common CIMT (CCA IMT) and maximum CIMT (MMXIMT) across quintiles of depressive symptoms.

Safety and health at work, 2013

Mental health has been shown to be linked with certain underlying physiological mechanisms. The o... more Mental health has been shown to be linked with certain underlying physiological mechanisms. The objective of this cross sectional study was to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and brachial artery reactivity (BAR) in an understudied population: police officers. Participants were 351 police officers who were clinically examined in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Police Stress (BCOPS) study. BAR was performed using standard B-Mode ultrasound procedures. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Mean values of the difference between the baseline and maximum diameters of the brachial artery were determined across three categories of CES-D score using the analysis of variance and the analysis of covariance. p-values for linear trends were obtained from linear regression models. The mean age (± standard deviation) of all officers was 40.9 ± 7.2 years. Women had a slightly higher mean CES-D score than men (8...

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2011

Objective: To examine relations of shift work with occupational, sports, and household physical a... more Objective: To examine relations of shift work with occupational, sports, and household physical activity (PA) among police officers. Methods: Selfreported PA was assessed among 350 male and female officers (aged 27 to 66). Day, afternoon, or midnight shift was identified from daily payroll records. Results: Shift work was associated with prevalence of hard-intensity (occupational and sport) PA among men, and very hard-intensity sport PA among women, with afternoon workers reporting the highest prevalence. Shift work was independently associated with total hours of hard-intensity PA among men and very hard-intensity PA among women, with afternoon workers reporting the most hours. Conclusion: Results indicated that hard and very hard-intensity PA varied significantly across shifts with afternoon workers being the most active.

Annals of Neurology, 1988

Seven patients with vascular dementia completed an 8month randomized double-blind crossover trial... more Seven patients with vascular dementia completed an 8month randomized double-blind crossover trial of bromocriptine i n a dosage of u p to 30 mg per day. Patients were assessed using a modified UCLA Parkinson Rating Scale of symptoms and signs, and neuropsychological testing including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Wechsler Memory Scale, modified Thurstone Word Fluency Test, Wisconsin Card Sort, a test of visual vigilance, and a reaction time task. Subjects failed to perform significantly better on any measure while on bromocriptine, and on several measures their performance while on the drug was worse.

…, Jan 1, 2005

The distribution of echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) mass differs among ethnicities. Becau... more The distribution of echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) mass differs among ethnicities. Because ethnic-specific echocardiographic criteria for LV hypertrophy (LVH) are not established, we determined whether threshold values derived from overwhelmingly white populations are appropriate for blacks, a subgroup having more LVH. Between 1992 and 1994, LV mass was measured echocardiographically in the Jackson, Mississippi, black cohort of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Participants free of prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) (nϭ1616; meanϮSD, age 59Ϯ5.7; 65% women and 57% with hypertension) were included. The optimal LVH threshold value was selected from the continuum of LV mass index (LVMIϭLV mass/height 2.7 ) using 3 methods: (1) the best operating point from the area under the resulting receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve predicting incident CVD; (2) the value with the smallest probability value associated with incident CVD; and (3) visual inspection of functions of LVMI and CVD in the general additive model (GAM) plot. At a median follow-up of 6.8 years, there were 192 events (coronary heart diseaseϭ87, strokeϭ62, and congestive heart failureϭ43; incidenceϭ17.6/1000 person-years). The best operating point from the resulting ROC analysis was 51.2 g/m 2.7 for sensitivity (53.4%) and specificity (61.5%). The Cox and GAM models adjusted for age, gender, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, total cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio, LVH by ECG criterion, and socioeconomic status found 50 to 51 g/m 2.7 as the optimal threshold for LVH in middle-aged blacks, corresponding to a minimum probability value and to a log-hazard ratio of zero, respectively. Because these values are close to the 51 g/m 2.7 established from predominantly white populations, this cutpoint is appropriate for both groups. (Hypertension. 2005;45:58-63.)

Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 2007

$Research paper thumbnail of Risk factors for fractures among Japanese-American men: The Honolulu Heart Program and Honolulu–Asia Aging Study$

Archives of Osteoporosis, 2011

Baseline risk factors were associated with fractures that developed after 29-31 years among Japan... more Baseline risk factors were associated with fractures that developed after 29-31 years among Japanese-American men. Hip fracture risk increased with increasing BMI (28% increase for 1 U increase), physical activity (7% increase for 1 U increase), and was decreased with increasing arm girth (27% decrease for 1 U increase). The objective of this study was to identify risk factors among Japanese-American men aged 45-68 years at baseline that were associated with prevalence and incidence of fractures at advanced age. We used baseline information from Honolulu Heart Program (HHP) and Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS). The HHP was a prospective study with primary focus on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A cohort of 8,006 men of Japanese ancestry aged 45-68 years residing on Oahu was recruited in 1965 and followed for 31 years. The HAAS started in 1991 in conjunction with the HHP with a focus on age-related health conditions. Self-reported hip, spine, and forearm fracture prevalence was ascertained in 1991-1993 among 3,845 men aged 71-93 years. Incidence was obtained during the period (1994-1999) among 2,737 men aged 74-98 years. Poisson regression models were used to determine multi-variable adjusted prevalence and incidence ratios for fracture. Incident hip fracture was directly associated with baseline body mass index (BMI) and physical activity, and inversely associated with left upper arm girth. Incident spine fracture was directly associated with baseline age. Prevalent hip fracture was directly associated with baseline pack-years of smoking. Prevalent spine fracture was inversely associated with baseline education, and directly associated with standing height and use of medication for diabetes. Prevalent forearm fracture was inversely associated with baseline age, and directly associated with education. Results indicated that multiple baseline demographic lifestyle and anthropometric characteristics predict fracture risk at advanced age. In addition, associations varied by fracture location.

Annals of Epidemiology, 2014

Purpose: We investigated the cross-sectional associations between police stress and posttraumatic... more Purpose: We investigated the cross-sectional associations between police stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and the role of coping. Methods: A total score from PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), a 17-item self-report questionnaire, was used for PTSD assessment in 342 officers. Job stress was assessed using the 60-item Spielberger Police Stress Survey. Mean stress indices were computed by averaging the products of the stress rating (0-100) and frequency (events occurring in the previous year to the date of examination) for total and stress subscales including administrative pressure, physical/psychological threats, and lack of support. Active and passive coping scores were derived from the Brief COPE. Simple and multiple linear regression models were used in the analyses. Results: PTSD symptoms were positively associated with total stress (B=0.016, p<0.001) and each stress subscale (administrative pressure: B=0.012, p<0.001; physical/psychological threats: B=0.013, p<0.001; lack of support: B=0.016, p<0.001) after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, and alcohol. These associations were stronger in officers with a lower active coping score compared with those who had a higher active coping score, and in officers having a higher passive coping score compared with those who had a lower passive coping score.