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Papers by Michael Bamuwamye

Research paper thumbnail of Call for emergency action to restore dietary diversity and protect global food systems in times of COVID-19 and beyond: Results from a cross-sectional study in 38 countries

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of Dietary Polyphenols from Whole Foods and Purified Food Polyphenol Extracts in Optimizing Cardiometabolic Health: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Advances in Nutrition, Mar 1, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of P24-065-23 Exploring Uganda's Indigenous Fruits and Vegetables With Potential Cardiometabolic Health Benefits: Understanding Barriers and Facilitators to Consumption

Current Developments in Nutrition

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring indigenous fruits and vegetables with potential cardiometabolic health benefits: Understanding barriers and facilitators to consumption

Indigenous Fruits and Vegetables (IFV) may offer sustainable remedy for the surging cardiometabol... more Indigenous Fruits and Vegetables (IFV) may offer sustainable remedy for the surging cardiometabolic dysfunction in sub–Saharan Africa. In Uganda consumption of IFV is pervasively low, despite a rich diversity. Our study aimed to catalogue IFV reputed for cardiometabolic benefits as well as understand the determinants of consumption. We collected data around the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA) through Focus Group Discussions (FGD), Key Informant Interviews (KII) and market surveys. Participants for the FGD were recruited from the general population while for KII, farmers, ethnobotanists, nutritionists, herbalists, and health workers were interviewed. We conducted surveys in supermarkets and open-air markets together with explorative interviews with market vendors. Discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. We performed phenolic characterisation of the identified IFV using Phenol-Explorer and PhytoHub databases. Eleven FGD (84 participant...

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of Dietary Polyphenols from Whole Foods and Purified Food Polyphenol Extracts in Optimizing Cardiometabolic Health: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Research paper thumbnail of Health Risk Posed by Lead, Copper and Iron via Consumption of Organ Meats in Kampala City (Uganda)

Journal of environment pollution and human health, Jan 23, 2014

Organ meat is a good source of protein, and some organs, notably the liver and kidney, are rich i... more Organ meat is a good source of protein, and some organs, notably the liver and kidney, are rich in vital minerals. In less developed countries, it is highly consumed because of tradition and being inexpensive. However, organ meats may contain high levels of heavy metals. The major objective of this study was to assess the level of risk posed to consumers by lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) via the consumption of organ meats in Kampala City. Beef, goat and chicken liver, kidney, rumen, intestine, and chicken gizzard from five major markets in Kampala were assessed for levels of Pb, Cu and Fe. The heavy metal content was determined by flame and furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) was used in health risk assessment to determine carcinogenicity of the samples. The concentration of heavy metals ranged from 0.04 to 1.11 mg/kg for lead; 3.5 x 10-4 to 0.66 mg/kg for copper, and 26.20 to 41.00 mg/kg for iron. The level of lead in the liver, kidney, rumen, intestine and gizzard was higher than the maximum recommended limit (0.5 mg/kg wet weight) according to EFSA. A health risk analysis based on the THQ yielded a value >1 for lead in beef and goat liver and kidney, and goat intestine, and 0.99 in chicken liver. This suggests that consumers would possibly experience significant risk from the consumption of lead through these organs. Regular consumption of offal in Kampala may therefore cause deleterious effects during a lifetime in humans most especially for children and women of child bearing age.

Research paper thumbnail of ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms of Interactions Involving Formation and Rupture of Sulfur- Sulfur Bonds in Inorganic Sulfur Oxo-Derivative Systems

Research paper thumbnail of Dietary Content and Potential Health Risks of Metals in Commercial Black Tea in Kampala (Uganda)

Journal of Food Research

Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is among the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages. It... more Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is among the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages. It is a rich source of essential dietary elements mainly potassium and manganese. Tea may also contain toxic metals such as cadmium and lead which pose a threat to human health because of their toxicity. Twenty samples of commercial black tea in Kampala city were randomly obtained and analysed for potassium, sodium, aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Human health risks due to exposure to toxic elements from daily consumption of tea were determined using incremental lifetime cancer risk and non-cancer hazard quotient. Metal contents of black tea sold in Kampala were below international regulatory limits. The estimated daily intake of the elements in two grams of black tea was below the recommended values. Hazard quotient and hazard index were within acceptable range. Total cancer risk leve...

Research paper thumbnail of Fatty acid profile of wild edible and cultivated mushrooms (pleurotus ostreatus, amanita spp and termitomyces microcarpus)

Nutrition & Food Science, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Cancer and Non-cancer Risks Associated With Heavy Metal Exposures from Street Foods: Evaluation of Roasted Meats in an Urban Setting

Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health, Jan 23, 2015

Street foods (SF) are important in meeting energy and nutrient requirements for urban populations... more Street foods (SF) are important in meeting energy and nutrient requirements for urban populations because of their convenience and low-cost. In contrast, SF represents a major public health risk due to chemical contamination especially with heavy metals. The study aimed at quantifying the levels of heavy metals (HM); lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in street roasted and vended meats (SRVM); estimating daily HM intake; determining the cancer and non-cancer risks associated with HM exposure using probabilistic risk assessment models. Twelve samples of each SRVM (pork, beef, goat and chicken) were randomly purchased on the streets of Kampala and their HM content measured. The cancer and non-cancer risks were estimated using incremental lifetime cancer risk and target hazard quotient (THQ), respectively. Lead, Cd and As content was above maximum limits according to EFSA and WHO, while Cr, Cu, Zn and Fe were below prescribed limits. The daily intake of Pb measured in beef and pork was higher than the recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) for both children and adults while that of Cd, As, Cu, Zn and Fe was <TDI. The probability of an adult developing cancer as a result of consuming SRVM over a 70-year lifetime was greater than US EPA management level of 1x10-4 for all the meats. THQ showed potential risk for humans due to the intake of Pb in pork and beef, and As in chicken with respect to children. THQ values also presented Pb, Cd and As as dominant contaminants. The combined non-carcinogenic effect of all metals considered in the study expressed as hazard index (HI) was >1, with values for children higher than those for adults. Regular consumption of SRVM in Kampala is a health risk with respect to Pb, Cd and As.

Research paper thumbnail of Health Risk Posed by Lead, Copper and Iron via Consumption of Organ Meats in Kampala City (Uganda

Organ meat is a good source of protein, and some organs, notably the liver and kidney, are rich i... more Organ meat is a good source of protein, and some organs, notably the liver and kidney, are rich in vital minerals. In less developed countries, it is highly consumed because of tradition and being inexpensive. However, organ meats may contain high levels of heavy metals. The major objective of this study was to assess the level of risk posed to consumers by lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) via the consumption of organ meats in Kampala City. Beef, goat and chicken liver, kidney, rumen, intestine, and chicken gizzard from five major markets in Kampala were assessed for levels of Pb, Cu and Fe. The heavy metal content was determined by flame and furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) was used in health risk assessment to determine carcinogenicity of the samples. The concentration of heavy metals ranged from 0.04 to 1.11 mg/kg for lead; 3.5 x 10-4 to 0.66 mg/kg for copper, and 26.20 to 41.00 mg/kg for iron. The level of lead in the liver, kidney, rumen, intestine and gizzard was higher than the maximum recommended limit (0.5 mg/kg wet weight) according to EFSA. A health risk analysis based on the THQ yielded a value >1 for lead in beef and goat liver and kidney, and goat intestine, and 0.99 in chicken liver. This suggests that consumers would possibly experience significant risk from the consumption of lead through these organs. Regular consumption of offal in Kampala may therefore cause deleterious effects during a lifetime in humans most especially for children and women of child bearing age.

Research paper thumbnail of Cancer and Non-cancer Risks Associated With Heavy Metal Exposures from Street Foods: Evaluation of Roasted Meats in an Urban Setting

Street foods (SF) are important in meeting energy and nutrient requirements for urban populations... more Street foods (SF) are important in meeting energy and nutrient requirements for urban populations because of their convenience and low-cost. In contrast, SF represents a major public health risk due to chemical contamination especially with heavy metals. The study aimed at quantifying the levels of heavy metals (HM); lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in street roasted and vended meats (SRVM); estimating daily HM intake; determining the cancer and non-cancer risks associated with HM exposure using probabilistic risk assessment models. Twelve samples of each SRVM (pork, beef, goat and chicken) were randomly purchased on the streets of Kampala and their HM content measured. The cancer and non-cancer risks were estimated using incremental lifetime cancer risk and target hazard quotient (THQ), respectively. Lead, Cd and As content was above maximum limits according to EFSA and WHO, while Cr, Cu, Zn and Fe were below prescribed limits. The daily intake of Pb measured in beef and pork was higher than the recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) for both children and adults while that of Cd, As, Cu, Zn and Fe was <TDI. The probability of an adult developing cancer as a result of consuming SRVM over a 70-year lifetime was greater than US EPA management level of 1x10-4 for all the meats. THQ showed potential risk for humans due to the intake of Pb in pork and beef, and As in chicken with respect to children. THQ values also presented Pb, Cd and As as dominant contaminants. The combined non-carcinogenic effect of all metals considered in the study expressed as hazard index (HI) was >1, with values for children higher than those for adults. Regular consumption of SRVM in Kampala is a health risk with respect to Pb, Cd and As.

Research paper thumbnail of Call for emergency action to restore dietary diversity and protect global food systems in times of COVID-19 and beyond: Results from a cross-sectional study in 38 countries

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of Dietary Polyphenols from Whole Foods and Purified Food Polyphenol Extracts in Optimizing Cardiometabolic Health: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Advances in Nutrition, Mar 1, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of P24-065-23 Exploring Uganda's Indigenous Fruits and Vegetables With Potential Cardiometabolic Health Benefits: Understanding Barriers and Facilitators to Consumption

Current Developments in Nutrition

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring indigenous fruits and vegetables with potential cardiometabolic health benefits: Understanding barriers and facilitators to consumption

Indigenous Fruits and Vegetables (IFV) may offer sustainable remedy for the surging cardiometabol... more Indigenous Fruits and Vegetables (IFV) may offer sustainable remedy for the surging cardiometabolic dysfunction in sub–Saharan Africa. In Uganda consumption of IFV is pervasively low, despite a rich diversity. Our study aimed to catalogue IFV reputed for cardiometabolic benefits as well as understand the determinants of consumption. We collected data around the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA) through Focus Group Discussions (FGD), Key Informant Interviews (KII) and market surveys. Participants for the FGD were recruited from the general population while for KII, farmers, ethnobotanists, nutritionists, herbalists, and health workers were interviewed. We conducted surveys in supermarkets and open-air markets together with explorative interviews with market vendors. Discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. We performed phenolic characterisation of the identified IFV using Phenol-Explorer and PhytoHub databases. Eleven FGD (84 participant...

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of Dietary Polyphenols from Whole Foods and Purified Food Polyphenol Extracts in Optimizing Cardiometabolic Health: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Research paper thumbnail of Health Risk Posed by Lead, Copper and Iron via Consumption of Organ Meats in Kampala City (Uganda)

Journal of environment pollution and human health, Jan 23, 2014

Organ meat is a good source of protein, and some organs, notably the liver and kidney, are rich i... more Organ meat is a good source of protein, and some organs, notably the liver and kidney, are rich in vital minerals. In less developed countries, it is highly consumed because of tradition and being inexpensive. However, organ meats may contain high levels of heavy metals. The major objective of this study was to assess the level of risk posed to consumers by lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) via the consumption of organ meats in Kampala City. Beef, goat and chicken liver, kidney, rumen, intestine, and chicken gizzard from five major markets in Kampala were assessed for levels of Pb, Cu and Fe. The heavy metal content was determined by flame and furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) was used in health risk assessment to determine carcinogenicity of the samples. The concentration of heavy metals ranged from 0.04 to 1.11 mg/kg for lead; 3.5 x 10-4 to 0.66 mg/kg for copper, and 26.20 to 41.00 mg/kg for iron. The level of lead in the liver, kidney, rumen, intestine and gizzard was higher than the maximum recommended limit (0.5 mg/kg wet weight) according to EFSA. A health risk analysis based on the THQ yielded a value >1 for lead in beef and goat liver and kidney, and goat intestine, and 0.99 in chicken liver. This suggests that consumers would possibly experience significant risk from the consumption of lead through these organs. Regular consumption of offal in Kampala may therefore cause deleterious effects during a lifetime in humans most especially for children and women of child bearing age.

Research paper thumbnail of ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms of Interactions Involving Formation and Rupture of Sulfur- Sulfur Bonds in Inorganic Sulfur Oxo-Derivative Systems

Research paper thumbnail of Dietary Content and Potential Health Risks of Metals in Commercial Black Tea in Kampala (Uganda)

Journal of Food Research

Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is among the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages. It... more Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is among the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages. It is a rich source of essential dietary elements mainly potassium and manganese. Tea may also contain toxic metals such as cadmium and lead which pose a threat to human health because of their toxicity. Twenty samples of commercial black tea in Kampala city were randomly obtained and analysed for potassium, sodium, aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Human health risks due to exposure to toxic elements from daily consumption of tea were determined using incremental lifetime cancer risk and non-cancer hazard quotient. Metal contents of black tea sold in Kampala were below international regulatory limits. The estimated daily intake of the elements in two grams of black tea was below the recommended values. Hazard quotient and hazard index were within acceptable range. Total cancer risk leve...

Research paper thumbnail of Fatty acid profile of wild edible and cultivated mushrooms (pleurotus ostreatus, amanita spp and termitomyces microcarpus)

Nutrition & Food Science, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Cancer and Non-cancer Risks Associated With Heavy Metal Exposures from Street Foods: Evaluation of Roasted Meats in an Urban Setting

Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health, Jan 23, 2015

Street foods (SF) are important in meeting energy and nutrient requirements for urban populations... more Street foods (SF) are important in meeting energy and nutrient requirements for urban populations because of their convenience and low-cost. In contrast, SF represents a major public health risk due to chemical contamination especially with heavy metals. The study aimed at quantifying the levels of heavy metals (HM); lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in street roasted and vended meats (SRVM); estimating daily HM intake; determining the cancer and non-cancer risks associated with HM exposure using probabilistic risk assessment models. Twelve samples of each SRVM (pork, beef, goat and chicken) were randomly purchased on the streets of Kampala and their HM content measured. The cancer and non-cancer risks were estimated using incremental lifetime cancer risk and target hazard quotient (THQ), respectively. Lead, Cd and As content was above maximum limits according to EFSA and WHO, while Cr, Cu, Zn and Fe were below prescribed limits. The daily intake of Pb measured in beef and pork was higher than the recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) for both children and adults while that of Cd, As, Cu, Zn and Fe was <TDI. The probability of an adult developing cancer as a result of consuming SRVM over a 70-year lifetime was greater than US EPA management level of 1x10-4 for all the meats. THQ showed potential risk for humans due to the intake of Pb in pork and beef, and As in chicken with respect to children. THQ values also presented Pb, Cd and As as dominant contaminants. The combined non-carcinogenic effect of all metals considered in the study expressed as hazard index (HI) was >1, with values for children higher than those for adults. Regular consumption of SRVM in Kampala is a health risk with respect to Pb, Cd and As.

Research paper thumbnail of Health Risk Posed by Lead, Copper and Iron via Consumption of Organ Meats in Kampala City (Uganda

Organ meat is a good source of protein, and some organs, notably the liver and kidney, are rich i... more Organ meat is a good source of protein, and some organs, notably the liver and kidney, are rich in vital minerals. In less developed countries, it is highly consumed because of tradition and being inexpensive. However, organ meats may contain high levels of heavy metals. The major objective of this study was to assess the level of risk posed to consumers by lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) via the consumption of organ meats in Kampala City. Beef, goat and chicken liver, kidney, rumen, intestine, and chicken gizzard from five major markets in Kampala were assessed for levels of Pb, Cu and Fe. The heavy metal content was determined by flame and furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) was used in health risk assessment to determine carcinogenicity of the samples. The concentration of heavy metals ranged from 0.04 to 1.11 mg/kg for lead; 3.5 x 10-4 to 0.66 mg/kg for copper, and 26.20 to 41.00 mg/kg for iron. The level of lead in the liver, kidney, rumen, intestine and gizzard was higher than the maximum recommended limit (0.5 mg/kg wet weight) according to EFSA. A health risk analysis based on the THQ yielded a value >1 for lead in beef and goat liver and kidney, and goat intestine, and 0.99 in chicken liver. This suggests that consumers would possibly experience significant risk from the consumption of lead through these organs. Regular consumption of offal in Kampala may therefore cause deleterious effects during a lifetime in humans most especially for children and women of child bearing age.

Research paper thumbnail of Cancer and Non-cancer Risks Associated With Heavy Metal Exposures from Street Foods: Evaluation of Roasted Meats in an Urban Setting

Street foods (SF) are important in meeting energy and nutrient requirements for urban populations... more Street foods (SF) are important in meeting energy and nutrient requirements for urban populations because of their convenience and low-cost. In contrast, SF represents a major public health risk due to chemical contamination especially with heavy metals. The study aimed at quantifying the levels of heavy metals (HM); lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in street roasted and vended meats (SRVM); estimating daily HM intake; determining the cancer and non-cancer risks associated with HM exposure using probabilistic risk assessment models. Twelve samples of each SRVM (pork, beef, goat and chicken) were randomly purchased on the streets of Kampala and their HM content measured. The cancer and non-cancer risks were estimated using incremental lifetime cancer risk and target hazard quotient (THQ), respectively. Lead, Cd and As content was above maximum limits according to EFSA and WHO, while Cr, Cu, Zn and Fe were below prescribed limits. The daily intake of Pb measured in beef and pork was higher than the recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) for both children and adults while that of Cd, As, Cu, Zn and Fe was <TDI. The probability of an adult developing cancer as a result of consuming SRVM over a 70-year lifetime was greater than US EPA management level of 1x10-4 for all the meats. THQ showed potential risk for humans due to the intake of Pb in pork and beef, and As in chicken with respect to children. THQ values also presented Pb, Cd and As as dominant contaminants. The combined non-carcinogenic effect of all metals considered in the study expressed as hazard index (HI) was >1, with values for children higher than those for adults. Regular consumption of SRVM in Kampala is a health risk with respect to Pb, Cd and As.