Michael Brain - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Michael Brain
Gut, 1964
EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The gain in weight and incidence of mitosis of the posterior lobes of ironload... more EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The gain in weight and incidence of mitosis of the posterior lobes of ironloaded and control rats are compared following partial hepatectomy. The percentage gain in weight of the regenerating livers over the first 72 hours was similar in the two groups, but at 11 days and 12 weeks growth of the iron-loaded livers was less than that of the controls. An increased incidence of mitosis was found in the iron-loaded rats, both before and after partial hepatectomy. IRON LOADING Iron-dextran (Imferon) was administered in a dose of 7 5 mg. per 100 g. body weight by injection 374
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1964
The Lancet, 1967
Red-blood-cell fragments were produced when normal red blood-cells were forced, at arterial flow ... more Red-blood-cell fragments were produced when normal red blood-cells were forced, at arterial flow velocity, through a loose mesh of fibrin or other synthetic fibres. These fragments were morphologically indistinguishable from those which are found in the microangiopathic hæmolytic anæmia syndrome. Fragmentation resulted when membrane tears occurred in an arrested red blood-cell as a result of buffeting from rapidly flowing cells. The shape of the fragment formed depended on the position in which the red blood-cell was arrested and the site of membrane tears.
Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien, 1992
A logenic bone marrow 4 l | transplantation from a human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibli... more A logenic bone marrow 4 l | transplantation from a human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling can cure patients with life-threatening disorders, such as aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. Unfortunately, only about 30% to 40% of potential marrow recipients have an HLA-identical sibling available. 1,2 The use of unrelated HLA-matched marrow donors, however, would dramatically increase the number of potential marrow recipients.2 The recent establishment of a bone marrow donor registry in Canada,'
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1968
Hemoglobin and Red Cell Structure and Function, 1972
Bone marrow transplantation, 1991
Between February 1988 and January 1990, 35 patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantat... more Between February 1988 and January 1990, 35 patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from unrelated donors using measures routinely employed for matched related donors. Median patient age was 34 years (range 2-49). Thirty-two patients had hematologic malignancies, including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in 16; three patients had severe aplastic anemia. Donor-patient pairs were matched at the HLA loci tested serologically (HLA-A, -B, -DR) in 29 cases; mixed leukocyte culture results were variable but often reactive. Five patients died prior to day +28 without evidence of myeloid engraftment, and one patient developed fatal graft failure several months after initial engraftment. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurred in 77% (95% confidence interval [CI] 60-90%) of all patients, and GVHD contributed to the death of 10 patients. Fatal regimen-related toxicity occurred in four patients and another died due to neurologic complications of a process that ...
The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1973
Intravascular coagulation (thrombosis or defibrination) is frequently associated with mucin-produ... more Intravascular coagulation (thrombosis or defibrination) is frequently associated with mucin-producing adenocarcinomas. Studies are reported which test the hypothesis that mucus entering the circulation might activate coagulation and determine the site of activation. Extracts of human mucus had procoagulant activity. Partial purification of the mucus extracts was achieved and the product had remarkable stability, the procoagulant activity being resistant to a variety of physicial conditions and chemical agents. The active material had a high carbohydrate-to-protein ratio and contained very little phospholipid material. The partial thromboplastin time of plasmas deficient in factors XI, IX, VIII, VII, and partially deficient in X was corrected by addition of the mucus extracts. In a two-stage factor X activation test the extract activated factor X in the presence of Ca ++ and had a potency comparable to Russell's viper venom at a concentration of 50 μg per milliliter. There were n...
Blood, 1979
An improved variation of a technique recently published by Brailsford et al.6 to determine the el... more An improved variation of a technique recently published by Brailsford et al.6 to determine the elastic properties of erythrocytes is presented. The method involves the use of Nuclepore filters (pore diameter, 0.7 im or 1.0 tm and pore density, 2 x 1 0 pores/sq cm), erythrocytes being partially aspirated by the action of positive hydrostatic pressure. The dimensions of the aspirated "tongue," as observed by SEM after glutaraldehyde fixation, were determined and related to the applied pressure. Selected erythrocytes with a single tongue protruding at or near the center dimpled region of a discoid erythrocyte were measured. The hydrostatic pressure ranged from 200 to 800 dyne/sq cm, and the plot of a dimensionless deformation (D /R) against a dimensionless tension parameter (P x R / t) was linear with the elastic shear modulus. i = 10.4 x i0 dyne/cm. These results are in agreement with those obtained using the micropipette aspiration technique and differ from the results obtained by Brailsford et al. It is argued that the nonlinear elastic behavior of the erythrocyte membrane that Brailsford et al.6 found using the filter technique may have depended on their experimental
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1967
Bone marrow transplantation, 1993
A significant proportion of patients relapse after allogeneic BMT for CML. These relapses have be... more A significant proportion of patients relapse after allogeneic BMT for CML. These relapses have been treated by induction of a graft-versus-leukemia effect by transfusing donor leukocytes. We have treated a 27-year-old woman with interferon and donor leukocyte transfusion and a complete haematological and cytogenetic remission was obtained coincident with the onset of GVHD. Her course was complicated by prolonged and profound pancytopenia which was fully reversed by the administration of rGM-CSF. She remains in CR with mild dermatomyositis due to chronic GVHD 17 months after the procedure.
Seminars in hematology, 1969
The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1975
The spectrophotometric determination of hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation on dilute red cell suspens... more The spectrophotometric determination of hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation on dilute red cell suspensions has been modified by the use of a bicarbonate buffer containing bovine serum albumin. The red cell suspension is equillibrated with known ratios of air and nitrogen and 5 per cent carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure using two gas pumps. The method enables the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve to be measured on 10 to 20 mul of whole blood, and has given values for the P50 (the oxygen tension at 50 per cent hemoglobin-oxygen saturation) of 25.9 plus or minus 1.5 S. D. which are comparable to the value of 26.0 plus or minus 1.0 S. D. obtained by the mixing technique and by other methods. The addition of bovine albumin (35 mg. per cent or greater) increased the P50 by 3 mm. Hg above that obtained with buffer alone. The P50 value has been compared in bis-Tris and phosphate buffers with and without albumin, and in bicarbonate buffers with the addition of approximately equimolar conc...
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1992
This volume addresses various facets of the current practice of haematology and oncology and is d... more This volume addresses various facets of the current practice of haematology and oncology and is designed to provide personal therapeutic approaches from practising specialists within their field. All the information has been broken down into concise chapters, containing information which should assist physicians in the management and treatment of patients. Using new specialists for this third volume, the book covers key topics such as AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma.
British Journal of Haematology, 1969
The quantitative distribution of 31 I-fibrin in the organs and tissues of rabbits with inhibition... more The quantitative distribution of 31 I-fibrin in the organs and tissues of rabbits with inhibition of fibrinolysis was compared following the injection of the purified coagulant enzyme of Agkistrodon rhodostorna venom (Arvin) or the infusion of thrombin. There was virtually complete conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by both Arvin and thrombin, although the rate of conversion was three times as fast with Arvin. 67-79 per cent of the radioactive fibrin was present in the kidneys, lungs, liver and bone marrow. After Arvin most fibrin (33 per cent) was present in the lungs, but after thrombin most fibrin (24 per cent) was in the kidneys. It is suggested that the distribution of fibrin between the organs may be dependent on the speed of fibrin formation and hence the size of microclot formed. The large accumulation of fibrin in the kidneys after thrombin may reflect the well-recognized clinical association between disseminated intravascular coagulation and impaired renal function.
British Journal of Haematology, 1968
In rabbits transient haemoglobinaemia accompanied rapid defibrination produced by the purified co... more In rabbits transient haemoglobinaemia accompanied rapid defibrination produced by the purified coagulant fraction of the venom of the Malayan pit-viper, Agkistrodon rhodostoma. The degree of haemoglobinaemia was dependent upon the rate of defibrination. Haemutological studies. Routine procedures were carried out as described by Dacie and Lewis (1963). Blood films were prepared directly from free-flowing blood and the films
Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases, 2004
Red cells exposed to glycophorin A reactive antibodies and lectins develop a non-specific cation ... more Red cells exposed to glycophorin A reactive antibodies and lectins develop a non-specific cation permeability. To determine if this might be due to the activation of a non-selective mechanosensitive channel we have subjected red cells, loaded with a calcium responsive fluorescent probe, to filtration through 5 and 3 microm pores. Calcium entered 28% of normal red cells at the moment of deformation when 3 microm filtered, a finding consistent with the transient activation of a mechanosensitive channel. Red cells containing hemoglobin AC and AS had enhanced calcium responses to filtration. An increased influx of calcium in hemoglobin disorders might play a role in providing protection against Falciparum malaria.
Gut, 1964
EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The gain in weight and incidence of mitosis of the posterior lobes of ironload... more EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The gain in weight and incidence of mitosis of the posterior lobes of ironloaded and control rats are compared following partial hepatectomy. The percentage gain in weight of the regenerating livers over the first 72 hours was similar in the two groups, but at 11 days and 12 weeks growth of the iron-loaded livers was less than that of the controls. An increased incidence of mitosis was found in the iron-loaded rats, both before and after partial hepatectomy. IRON LOADING Iron-dextran (Imferon) was administered in a dose of 7 5 mg. per 100 g. body weight by injection 374
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1964
The Lancet, 1967
Red-blood-cell fragments were produced when normal red blood-cells were forced, at arterial flow ... more Red-blood-cell fragments were produced when normal red blood-cells were forced, at arterial flow velocity, through a loose mesh of fibrin or other synthetic fibres. These fragments were morphologically indistinguishable from those which are found in the microangiopathic hæmolytic anæmia syndrome. Fragmentation resulted when membrane tears occurred in an arrested red blood-cell as a result of buffeting from rapidly flowing cells. The shape of the fragment formed depended on the position in which the red blood-cell was arrested and the site of membrane tears.
Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien, 1992
A logenic bone marrow 4 l | transplantation from a human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibli... more A logenic bone marrow 4 l | transplantation from a human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling can cure patients with life-threatening disorders, such as aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. Unfortunately, only about 30% to 40% of potential marrow recipients have an HLA-identical sibling available. 1,2 The use of unrelated HLA-matched marrow donors, however, would dramatically increase the number of potential marrow recipients.2 The recent establishment of a bone marrow donor registry in Canada,'
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1968
Hemoglobin and Red Cell Structure and Function, 1972
Bone marrow transplantation, 1991
Between February 1988 and January 1990, 35 patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantat... more Between February 1988 and January 1990, 35 patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from unrelated donors using measures routinely employed for matched related donors. Median patient age was 34 years (range 2-49). Thirty-two patients had hematologic malignancies, including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in 16; three patients had severe aplastic anemia. Donor-patient pairs were matched at the HLA loci tested serologically (HLA-A, -B, -DR) in 29 cases; mixed leukocyte culture results were variable but often reactive. Five patients died prior to day +28 without evidence of myeloid engraftment, and one patient developed fatal graft failure several months after initial engraftment. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurred in 77% (95% confidence interval [CI] 60-90%) of all patients, and GVHD contributed to the death of 10 patients. Fatal regimen-related toxicity occurred in four patients and another died due to neurologic complications of a process that ...
The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1973
Intravascular coagulation (thrombosis or defibrination) is frequently associated with mucin-produ... more Intravascular coagulation (thrombosis or defibrination) is frequently associated with mucin-producing adenocarcinomas. Studies are reported which test the hypothesis that mucus entering the circulation might activate coagulation and determine the site of activation. Extracts of human mucus had procoagulant activity. Partial purification of the mucus extracts was achieved and the product had remarkable stability, the procoagulant activity being resistant to a variety of physicial conditions and chemical agents. The active material had a high carbohydrate-to-protein ratio and contained very little phospholipid material. The partial thromboplastin time of plasmas deficient in factors XI, IX, VIII, VII, and partially deficient in X was corrected by addition of the mucus extracts. In a two-stage factor X activation test the extract activated factor X in the presence of Ca ++ and had a potency comparable to Russell's viper venom at a concentration of 50 μg per milliliter. There were n...
Blood, 1979
An improved variation of a technique recently published by Brailsford et al.6 to determine the el... more An improved variation of a technique recently published by Brailsford et al.6 to determine the elastic properties of erythrocytes is presented. The method involves the use of Nuclepore filters (pore diameter, 0.7 im or 1.0 tm and pore density, 2 x 1 0 pores/sq cm), erythrocytes being partially aspirated by the action of positive hydrostatic pressure. The dimensions of the aspirated "tongue," as observed by SEM after glutaraldehyde fixation, were determined and related to the applied pressure. Selected erythrocytes with a single tongue protruding at or near the center dimpled region of a discoid erythrocyte were measured. The hydrostatic pressure ranged from 200 to 800 dyne/sq cm, and the plot of a dimensionless deformation (D /R) against a dimensionless tension parameter (P x R / t) was linear with the elastic shear modulus. i = 10.4 x i0 dyne/cm. These results are in agreement with those obtained using the micropipette aspiration technique and differ from the results obtained by Brailsford et al. It is argued that the nonlinear elastic behavior of the erythrocyte membrane that Brailsford et al.6 found using the filter technique may have depended on their experimental
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1967
Bone marrow transplantation, 1993
A significant proportion of patients relapse after allogeneic BMT for CML. These relapses have be... more A significant proportion of patients relapse after allogeneic BMT for CML. These relapses have been treated by induction of a graft-versus-leukemia effect by transfusing donor leukocytes. We have treated a 27-year-old woman with interferon and donor leukocyte transfusion and a complete haematological and cytogenetic remission was obtained coincident with the onset of GVHD. Her course was complicated by prolonged and profound pancytopenia which was fully reversed by the administration of rGM-CSF. She remains in CR with mild dermatomyositis due to chronic GVHD 17 months after the procedure.
Seminars in hematology, 1969
The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1975
The spectrophotometric determination of hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation on dilute red cell suspens... more The spectrophotometric determination of hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation on dilute red cell suspensions has been modified by the use of a bicarbonate buffer containing bovine serum albumin. The red cell suspension is equillibrated with known ratios of air and nitrogen and 5 per cent carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure using two gas pumps. The method enables the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve to be measured on 10 to 20 mul of whole blood, and has given values for the P50 (the oxygen tension at 50 per cent hemoglobin-oxygen saturation) of 25.9 plus or minus 1.5 S. D. which are comparable to the value of 26.0 plus or minus 1.0 S. D. obtained by the mixing technique and by other methods. The addition of bovine albumin (35 mg. per cent or greater) increased the P50 by 3 mm. Hg above that obtained with buffer alone. The P50 value has been compared in bis-Tris and phosphate buffers with and without albumin, and in bicarbonate buffers with the addition of approximately equimolar conc...
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1992
This volume addresses various facets of the current practice of haematology and oncology and is d... more This volume addresses various facets of the current practice of haematology and oncology and is designed to provide personal therapeutic approaches from practising specialists within their field. All the information has been broken down into concise chapters, containing information which should assist physicians in the management and treatment of patients. Using new specialists for this third volume, the book covers key topics such as AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma.
British Journal of Haematology, 1969
The quantitative distribution of 31 I-fibrin in the organs and tissues of rabbits with inhibition... more The quantitative distribution of 31 I-fibrin in the organs and tissues of rabbits with inhibition of fibrinolysis was compared following the injection of the purified coagulant enzyme of Agkistrodon rhodostorna venom (Arvin) or the infusion of thrombin. There was virtually complete conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by both Arvin and thrombin, although the rate of conversion was three times as fast with Arvin. 67-79 per cent of the radioactive fibrin was present in the kidneys, lungs, liver and bone marrow. After Arvin most fibrin (33 per cent) was present in the lungs, but after thrombin most fibrin (24 per cent) was in the kidneys. It is suggested that the distribution of fibrin between the organs may be dependent on the speed of fibrin formation and hence the size of microclot formed. The large accumulation of fibrin in the kidneys after thrombin may reflect the well-recognized clinical association between disseminated intravascular coagulation and impaired renal function.
British Journal of Haematology, 1968
In rabbits transient haemoglobinaemia accompanied rapid defibrination produced by the purified co... more In rabbits transient haemoglobinaemia accompanied rapid defibrination produced by the purified coagulant fraction of the venom of the Malayan pit-viper, Agkistrodon rhodostoma. The degree of haemoglobinaemia was dependent upon the rate of defibrination. Haemutological studies. Routine procedures were carried out as described by Dacie and Lewis (1963). Blood films were prepared directly from free-flowing blood and the films
Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases, 2004
Red cells exposed to glycophorin A reactive antibodies and lectins develop a non-specific cation ... more Red cells exposed to glycophorin A reactive antibodies and lectins develop a non-specific cation permeability. To determine if this might be due to the activation of a non-selective mechanosensitive channel we have subjected red cells, loaded with a calcium responsive fluorescent probe, to filtration through 5 and 3 microm pores. Calcium entered 28% of normal red cells at the moment of deformation when 3 microm filtered, a finding consistent with the transient activation of a mechanosensitive channel. Red cells containing hemoglobin AC and AS had enhanced calcium responses to filtration. An increased influx of calcium in hemoglobin disorders might play a role in providing protection against Falciparum malaria.