Michael H Krane - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Michael H Krane
Fluid Dynamics Research, 2019
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Journal of the American Helicopter Society
A 1:4.25-scale model of a generic helicopter rotor hub was tested at Reynolds numbers ranging fro... more A 1:4.25-scale model of a generic helicopter rotor hub was tested at Reynolds numbers ranging from 1.75 × 106 to 7 × 106 at advance ratio of 0.2 in The Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory Garfield Thomas 48-inch diameter water tunnel. Measurements including drag and wake characteristics were performed up to full-scale Reynolds number with respect to an industry-representative helicopter rotor hub. In particular, the variation of drag and flow field with Reynolds number was characterized. Load measurements were conducted using an improved load cell design, with greater accuracy than in previous experiments. Wake velocity was measured using laser Doppler velocimetry at two downstream planes, yielding velocity statistics to the second order. Improved load measurement accuracy and wake velocity spatial resolution, at full-scale Reynolds number, provide a unique dataset for computational fluid dynamics validation as part of the Penn State Rotor Hub Flow Prediction W...
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Experiments in Fluids, 2018
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Journal of Biomechanics, 2006
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Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Cavitation (CAV2018), 2018
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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
This paper presents measurements conducted in a physical model of the adult human airway. The goa... more This paper presents measurements conducted in a physical model of the adult human airway. The goals of this work are to (1) benchmark the physical model to excised larynx models in the literature and (2) empirically demonstrate the relationship between vocal fold drag and sound production. Results from the airway model are first benchmarked to published time-averaged behavior of excised larynx models. The airway model in this work exhibited higher glottal volume flow, lower glottal resistance, and less fundamental frequency variation than excised larynx models. Next, concurrent measurements of source behavior and radiated sound were compared. Unsteady transglottal pressure (a surrogate measure for vocal fold drag) and radiated sound, measured at the mouth, showed good correlation. In particular, the standard deviation and the ratio of the power of the first and second harmonics of the transglottal and mouth pressures were strongly correlated. This empirical result supports the assertion that vocal fold drag is the principal source of sound in phonation.
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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
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Scientific Reports
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Computers & Fluids
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Journal of fluids and structures, 2018
In this work, a non-reflective boundary condition, the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) technique, i... more In this work, a non-reflective boundary condition, the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) technique, is adapted and implemented in a fluid-structure interaction numerical framework to demonstrate that proper boundary conditions are not only necessary to capture correct wave propagations in a flow field, but also its interacted solid behavior and responses. While most research on the topics of the non-reflective boundary conditions are focused on fluids, little effort has been done in a fluid-structure interaction setting. In this study, the effectiveness of the PML is closely examined in both pure fluid and fluid-structure interaction settings upon incorporating the PML algorithm in a fully-coupled fluid-structure interaction framework, the Immersed Finite Element Method. The performance of the PML boundary condition is evaluated and compared to reference solutions with a variety of benchmark test cases including known and expected solutions of aeroacoustic wave propagation as well as vo...
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Ocean Engineering
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Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
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Measurement Science and Technology
ABSTRACT Color crosstalk and chromatic aberration can bias estimates of fluid velocity measured b... more ABSTRACT Color crosstalk and chromatic aberration can bias estimates of fluid velocity measured by color particle shadow velocimetry (CPSV), using multicolor illumination and a color camera. This article describes corrections to remove these bias errors, and their evaluation. Color crosstalk removal is demonstrated with linear unmixing. It is also shown that chromatic aberrations may be removed using either scale calibration, or by processing an image illuminated by all colors simultaneously. CPSV measurements of a fully developed turbulent pipe flow of glycerin were conducted. Corrected velocity statistics from these measurements were compared to both single-color PSV and LDV measurements and showed excellent agreement to fourth-order, to well into the viscous sublayer. Recommendations for practical assessment and correction of color aberration and color crosstalk are discussed.
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Aps Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts, Nov 1, 2007
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Aps Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts, Nov 1, 2003
The effect of transverse curvature on boundary layer structure is studied using DPIV measurements... more The effect of transverse curvature on boundary layer structure is studied using DPIV measurements of the velocity field in the boundary layer of an axial flow over a series of small radius cables. Of particular interest is the occurrence of relaminarixation for small transverse curvature. Velocity measurements in the r-z and r-q planes are presented as radial profiles of mean
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Experimental results derived from DPIV measurements in a scaled up dynamic human vocal fold model... more Experimental results derived from DPIV measurements in a scaled up dynamic human vocal fold model are presented. The 10x scale vocal fold model is a new design that incorporates key features of vocal fold oscillatory motion. This includes coupling of down/upstream ...
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Aps Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts, Nov 1, 2006
The behavior of the starting vortex issuing from a time-varying rectangular slit with an imposed ... more The behavior of the starting vortex issuing from a time-varying rectangular slit with an imposed pressure gradient, representing the flow through the human glottis, is presented. The range of reduced frequency of vibration was 0.01-0.04 and the Reynolds number ...
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Experiments were conducted in a compliant, self-oscillating model of the glottis in a large free-... more Experiments were conducted in a compliant, self-oscillating model of the glottis in a large free-surface water tunnel. The in vitro model was geometrically similar to the human vocal folds, allowing a greater understanding of fluid-solid coupling, but was not dynamically ...
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ABSTRACT The phonation process occurs as air expelled from the lungs creates a pressure drop and ... more ABSTRACT The phonation process occurs as air expelled from the lungs creates a pressure drop and a subsequent air flow across the larynx. The fluid-structure interaction between the turbulent air flow and oscillating vocal folds, combined with additional resonance in the oral and nasal cavities, creates much of what we hear in the human voice. As many voice-related disorders can be traced to irregular vocal tract shape or motion, it is important to understand in detail the physics involved in the phonation process. To numerically compute the physics of phonation, a solver must be able to accurately model acoustic airflow through a moving domain. The open-source CFD package OpenFOAM is currently being used to evaluate existing solvers against simple acoustic test cases, including an open-ended resonator and an expansion chamber, both of which utilize boundary conditions simulating acoustic sources as well as anechoic termination. Results of these test cases will be presented and compared with theory, and the future development of a three-dimensional vocal tract model and custom-mode acoustic solver will be discussed.
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Fluid Dynamics Research, 2019
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Journal of the American Helicopter Society
A 1:4.25-scale model of a generic helicopter rotor hub was tested at Reynolds numbers ranging fro... more A 1:4.25-scale model of a generic helicopter rotor hub was tested at Reynolds numbers ranging from 1.75 × 106 to 7 × 106 at advance ratio of 0.2 in The Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory Garfield Thomas 48-inch diameter water tunnel. Measurements including drag and wake characteristics were performed up to full-scale Reynolds number with respect to an industry-representative helicopter rotor hub. In particular, the variation of drag and flow field with Reynolds number was characterized. Load measurements were conducted using an improved load cell design, with greater accuracy than in previous experiments. Wake velocity was measured using laser Doppler velocimetry at two downstream planes, yielding velocity statistics to the second order. Improved load measurement accuracy and wake velocity spatial resolution, at full-scale Reynolds number, provide a unique dataset for computational fluid dynamics validation as part of the Penn State Rotor Hub Flow Prediction W...
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Experiments in Fluids, 2018
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Journal of Biomechanics, 2006
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Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Cavitation (CAV2018), 2018
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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
This paper presents measurements conducted in a physical model of the adult human airway. The goa... more This paper presents measurements conducted in a physical model of the adult human airway. The goals of this work are to (1) benchmark the physical model to excised larynx models in the literature and (2) empirically demonstrate the relationship between vocal fold drag and sound production. Results from the airway model are first benchmarked to published time-averaged behavior of excised larynx models. The airway model in this work exhibited higher glottal volume flow, lower glottal resistance, and less fundamental frequency variation than excised larynx models. Next, concurrent measurements of source behavior and radiated sound were compared. Unsteady transglottal pressure (a surrogate measure for vocal fold drag) and radiated sound, measured at the mouth, showed good correlation. In particular, the standard deviation and the ratio of the power of the first and second harmonics of the transglottal and mouth pressures were strongly correlated. This empirical result supports the assertion that vocal fold drag is the principal source of sound in phonation.
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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
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Scientific Reports
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Computers & Fluids
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Journal of fluids and structures, 2018
In this work, a non-reflective boundary condition, the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) technique, i... more In this work, a non-reflective boundary condition, the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) technique, is adapted and implemented in a fluid-structure interaction numerical framework to demonstrate that proper boundary conditions are not only necessary to capture correct wave propagations in a flow field, but also its interacted solid behavior and responses. While most research on the topics of the non-reflective boundary conditions are focused on fluids, little effort has been done in a fluid-structure interaction setting. In this study, the effectiveness of the PML is closely examined in both pure fluid and fluid-structure interaction settings upon incorporating the PML algorithm in a fully-coupled fluid-structure interaction framework, the Immersed Finite Element Method. The performance of the PML boundary condition is evaluated and compared to reference solutions with a variety of benchmark test cases including known and expected solutions of aeroacoustic wave propagation as well as vo...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Ocean Engineering
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Measurement Science and Technology
ABSTRACT Color crosstalk and chromatic aberration can bias estimates of fluid velocity measured b... more ABSTRACT Color crosstalk and chromatic aberration can bias estimates of fluid velocity measured by color particle shadow velocimetry (CPSV), using multicolor illumination and a color camera. This article describes corrections to remove these bias errors, and their evaluation. Color crosstalk removal is demonstrated with linear unmixing. It is also shown that chromatic aberrations may be removed using either scale calibration, or by processing an image illuminated by all colors simultaneously. CPSV measurements of a fully developed turbulent pipe flow of glycerin were conducted. Corrected velocity statistics from these measurements were compared to both single-color PSV and LDV measurements and showed excellent agreement to fourth-order, to well into the viscous sublayer. Recommendations for practical assessment and correction of color aberration and color crosstalk are discussed.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Aps Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts, Nov 1, 2007
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Aps Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts, Nov 1, 2003
The effect of transverse curvature on boundary layer structure is studied using DPIV measurements... more The effect of transverse curvature on boundary layer structure is studied using DPIV measurements of the velocity field in the boundary layer of an axial flow over a series of small radius cables. Of particular interest is the occurrence of relaminarixation for small transverse curvature. Velocity measurements in the r-z and r-q planes are presented as radial profiles of mean
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Experimental results derived from DPIV measurements in a scaled up dynamic human vocal fold model... more Experimental results derived from DPIV measurements in a scaled up dynamic human vocal fold model are presented. The 10x scale vocal fold model is a new design that incorporates key features of vocal fold oscillatory motion. This includes coupling of down/upstream ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Aps Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts, Nov 1, 2006
The behavior of the starting vortex issuing from a time-varying rectangular slit with an imposed ... more The behavior of the starting vortex issuing from a time-varying rectangular slit with an imposed pressure gradient, representing the flow through the human glottis, is presented. The range of reduced frequency of vibration was 0.01-0.04 and the Reynolds number ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Experiments were conducted in a compliant, self-oscillating model of the glottis in a large free-... more Experiments were conducted in a compliant, self-oscillating model of the glottis in a large free-surface water tunnel. The in vitro model was geometrically similar to the human vocal folds, allowing a greater understanding of fluid-solid coupling, but was not dynamically ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
ABSTRACT The phonation process occurs as air expelled from the lungs creates a pressure drop and ... more ABSTRACT The phonation process occurs as air expelled from the lungs creates a pressure drop and a subsequent air flow across the larynx. The fluid-structure interaction between the turbulent air flow and oscillating vocal folds, combined with additional resonance in the oral and nasal cavities, creates much of what we hear in the human voice. As many voice-related disorders can be traced to irregular vocal tract shape or motion, it is important to understand in detail the physics involved in the phonation process. To numerically compute the physics of phonation, a solver must be able to accurately model acoustic airflow through a moving domain. The open-source CFD package OpenFOAM is currently being used to evaluate existing solvers against simple acoustic test cases, including an open-ended resonator and an expansion chamber, both of which utilize boundary conditions simulating acoustic sources as well as anechoic termination. Results of these test cases will be presented and compared with theory, and the future development of a three-dimensional vocal tract model and custom-mode acoustic solver will be discussed.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact