Michael Matus - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Michael Matus
Metrologia
A comparison measurement between 10 national metrology institutes on two types of depth setting s... more A comparison measurement between 10 national metrology institutes on two types of depth setting standards was conducted using mostly tactile but also two optical instruments for measurement. Three etched silicon standards with depths of 5, 20 and 50 μm and one diamond turned nickel coated copper standard with depths of 200, 600 and 900 μm were measured. The cross section of the grooves was trapezoidal. Most of the participants confirmed their CMC entries. Since many measurements had to be made, contamination of the standards and heavy wear on the standards were also observed after the comparison was completed. The wear consists of indentation marks from stylus instruments on both types of standards and as many as 70 scratch marks on the nickel coated copper artefact used. This indicates that the contact pressure of the tactile measuring devices used by some partners was too high. This can be caused by a too high probing force or a too small probing tip radius. Thus, for future compa...
Physics and Chemistry of the Fullerenes
This contribution reviews physical properties of C60 fullerites and fullerides as characterized b... more This contribution reviews physical properties of C60 fullerites and fullerides as characterized by vibrational spectroscopy. Particular attention is paid to Raman and infrared spectroscopy for the pristine and alkali metal doped material. Experimental results as obtained from thin films and from single-crystals are considered. Characteristic changes of the material as a function of temperature, laser illumination, and doping conditions are discussed. A basic understanding of temperature induced line splitting, photochemical reactions, and doping induced line shifts as a consequence of electron-phonon coupling is given. Lineshapes for single-crystals doped to the metallic phase are analysed at least for the Raman spectra.
Metrologia
This intercomparison is carried out for step height standards with nominal step sizes 8 nm, 18 nm... more This intercomparison is carried out for step height standards with nominal step sizes 8 nm, 18 nm, 88 nm and 10 µm using non-contact measurement methods, with four participating NMIs. Measurement observation from the pilot laboratory exhibit significant stability of step height standards. For each step height standard, the supplementary comparison reference value (SCRV) is determined using weighted mean, followed by calculation of En values for outlier identification. Further the outliers were excluded based upon the Birge Ratio consistency test. Measurement results from all the participating NIMs have been compiled in this report. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
The key comparison EURAMET.L-K8.2013 on roughness was carried out in the framework of a EURAMET p... more The key comparison EURAMET.L-K8.2013 on roughness was carried out in the framework of a EURAMET project starting in 2013 and ending in 2015. It involved the participation of 17 National Metrology I ...
The key comparison EURAMET.L-K1.2011 on gauge blocks was carried out in the framework of a EURAME... more The key comparison EURAMET.L-K1.2011 on gauge blocks was carried out in the framework of a EURAMET project starting in 2012 and ending in 2015. It involved the participation of 24 National Metrolog ...
A comparison measurement between 10 national metrology institutes on two types of depth setting s... more A comparison measurement between 10 national metrology institutes on two types of depth setting standards was conducted using mostly tactile but also two optical instruments for measurement. Three etched silicon standards with depths of 5, 20 and 50 μm and one diamond turned nickel coated copper standard with depths of 200, 600 and 900 μm were measured. The cross section of the grooves was trapezoidal. Most of the participants confirmed their CMC entries. Since many measurements had to be made, contamination of the standards and heavy wear on the standards were also observed after the comparison was completed. The wear consists of indentation marks from stylus instruments on both types of standards and as many as 70 scratch marks on the nickel coated copper artefact used. This indicates that the contact pressure of the tactile measuring devices used by some partners was too high. This can be caused by a too high probing force or a too small probing tip radius. Thus, for future comparisons the actual probing force and actual tip radius need to be measured during the comparison by the participants to assure that the recommended values (2 μm tip radius and 0.7 mN probing force) are not exceeded. The recently published German standard DIN 32567-3 "Determination of the influence of materials on the optical and tactile dimensional metrology - Part 3: Derivation of correction values for tactile measuring devices" describes methods to do both. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Metrologia
The results of the inter-RMO key comparison EURAMET.L-K5.2016 on the calibration of a step gauge ... more The results of the inter-RMO key comparison EURAMET.L-K5.2016 on the calibration of a step gauge are reported. Twenty-two National Metrology Institutes from four different metrological regions all over the world participated in this comparison which lasted three years, from December 2015 to December 2018. Two artefacts were circulated so that the varying ranges of participants equipment could be accommodated. A 1020 mm ceramic monolithic step gauge remained stable throughout the comparison. A 610 mm steel step gauge changed length, possibly due to an impact while travelling between participants. The comparison of this artefact was divided into two groups, those before the damage and those after, with the reference value for each group derived from a linking participant who had demonstrated equivalence in the 1020 mm artefact circulation. For the 1020 mm comparison the inverse-variance weighted mean was taken as reference value. Of the twenty two participants, eleven successfully dem...
Metrologia
It has been brought to the attention of IOP Publishing that this Technical Supplement has been pu... more It has been brought to the attention of IOP Publishing that this Technical Supplement has been published in error and is an unintended duplication of a previously published manuscript (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/54/1A/04004). As such, this Technical Supplement is being retracted by IOP Publishing Limited with the agreement of BIPM and all the authors.
Annalen der Physik
Optical-frequency standards with various levels of performance are indispensable in metrology and... more Optical-frequency standards with various levels of performance are indispensable in metrology and have many applications from length measurement to atomic clocks and much more. The evolution of optical-frequency standards has been considerable. Originally introduced as primary realizations for the meter, they have evolved to optical clocks, which surpass the uncertainty and stability of microwave clocks. Herein, the status of the development of optical-frequency standards as far as length metrology is concerned is reviewed, giving a broad overview of the historical context, as well as an outlook about future evolution.
Metrologia
During the EURAMET TC-F meeting of 2014 and following the finalization of CCM.FF-K4.2.2011 compar... more During the EURAMET TC-F meeting of 2014 and following the finalization of CCM.FF-K4.2.2011 comparison, it was agreed to start a Regional Key Comparison (KC) on volume measurements using two 100 μL micropipettes (piston pipettes) allowing the participating laboratories to assess the agreement of their results and uncertainties. Two 100 μL micropipettes were tested by 15 participants. One participant was not a member or associate member of the BIPM and was be removed from this report. The comparison started in July 2015 and ended in March 2016. The Volume and Flow Laboratory of the Portuguese Institute for Quality (IPQ) was the pilot laboratory and performed the initial and final measurements of the micropipettes. The micropipettes showed a stable volume during the whole comparison, which was confirmed by the results from the pilot laboratory. The original results of all participant NMIs were corrected to the standard atmospheric pressure in order to compare results under the same cal...
Metrologia
Supplementary comparison of distance measurements using pocket-type laser instruments (EDMs), fol... more Supplementary comparison of distance measurements using pocket-type laser instruments (EDMs), following the previous comparison EURAMET.L-S20. Originally proposed by the CEM (ES) as a bilateral comparison with BEV (AT), after the open call made at the 2014 EURAMET TC-L meeting, VSL (NL) joined the comparison too. Registered as supplementary comparison EURAMET.L-S25 with CEM acting as coordinator and pilot laboratory. Transfer devices were two Leica DISTO EDMs, being the measurands the distances from the rear part of the EDMs to a target plate situated at 0.3 m and every 5 m until covering a range of 50 m. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Metrologia
In October 2012, the EURAMET Technical Committee for Length, TC-L, decided upon a supplementary c... more In October 2012, the EURAMET Technical Committee for Length, TC-L, decided upon a supplementary comparison on gauge block measurements by mechanical comparison, numbered EURAMET.L-S22, with the Danish Technological Institute (DTI) as the pilot laboratory, assisted by NPL (Andrew Lewis), which would provide a link to CCL-K1. The comparison was registered in February 2013, artefact circulation starts in June 2013 and ended in September 2014. Eight gauge blocks were calibrated using a five point measurement. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Metrologia, 2015
Details of the planned and actual schedules as well as date of receipt of results from the partic... more Details of the planned and actual schedules as well as date of receipt of results from the participants are shown in Table 2. The MRA states that the results should be sent within six weeks of completing the measurements. Table 2. Schedule of the comparison.
From in situ Raman measurements during potassium doping of pure C60 films to a structure KxC60 in... more From in situ Raman measurements during potassium doping of pure C60 films to a structure KxC60 in the range of 0
Solid State Communications, 1991
We report relative resonance Raman cross sections and self energy as a function of temperature fo... more We report relative resonance Raman cross sections and self energy as a function of temperature for the pinch mode of Ca0 at 1468cm-~. From a fit to the Albrecht theory optical transitions energies at 2.6 and 3.4 eV were deduced in good agreement with results from LDA calculations. The temperature dependence of the self energy changes characteristically at a temperature which corresponds to the/cc to sc phase transition.
We present a GUM conform treatment for estimating the measurement uncertainty of laser frequency ... more We present a GUM conform treatment for estimating the measurement uncertainty of laser frequency calibrations using a femtosecond optical frequency comb generator. Using the formalism developed a schema for a comb-comb comparison is proposed which delivers an upper bound for the uncertainty component originating from the calibration method. Experiments using three different combs are presented and the uncertainties analyzed. This work led to a significant reduction of the uncertainties for comb based laser calibrations for both institutes involved. To our knowledge this is the first direct comparison of combs in the mode of their actual intended operation as calibration instruments.
The functional form of the Steinhart-Hart equation which describes the electrical characteristics... more The functional form of the Steinhart-Hart equation which describes the electrical characteristics of NTC thermistors, is studied particularly with regard to its metrological properties. This equation is almost exclusively used in the community and it is even hard-wired in many commercial instruments. However this equation (in its original form) does not follow the rules of quantity calculus and it is not unit invariant. Therefore the naïve use is error prone. In this contribution proper metrological concepts to avoid pitfalls are presented.
Development of distance measurement instruments based on new technology is advancing. This increa... more Development of distance measurement instruments based on new technology is advancing. This increases interest in the best possible testing and validation services in metrology institutes and among manufacturers of surveying instruments. A recent project to improve the facilities in Europe, calibration of the new BEV geodetic baseline in Innsbruck, Austria, is presented here. The traceable scale was transferred there from the Nummela Standard Baseline of the FGI, Finland, with ±0.7 mm/km uncertainty (2-�) in autumn 2008. The most accurate EDM instrument available at present was used as transfer standard, which was calibrated using the results of interference measurements of 2007 in Nummela. Comparison of the results of 2008 with the first results from 2006 indicate good stability of the new baseline. The method and results represent the best current practice and state-of-the-art in the world. The work is a part of the work package “Outdoor comparison” of the European Metrology Resear...
High Tc Superconductors, 1989
Metrologia
A comparison measurement between 10 national metrology institutes on two types of depth setting s... more A comparison measurement between 10 national metrology institutes on two types of depth setting standards was conducted using mostly tactile but also two optical instruments for measurement. Three etched silicon standards with depths of 5, 20 and 50 μm and one diamond turned nickel coated copper standard with depths of 200, 600 and 900 μm were measured. The cross section of the grooves was trapezoidal. Most of the participants confirmed their CMC entries. Since many measurements had to be made, contamination of the standards and heavy wear on the standards were also observed after the comparison was completed. The wear consists of indentation marks from stylus instruments on both types of standards and as many as 70 scratch marks on the nickel coated copper artefact used. This indicates that the contact pressure of the tactile measuring devices used by some partners was too high. This can be caused by a too high probing force or a too small probing tip radius. Thus, for future compa...
Physics and Chemistry of the Fullerenes
This contribution reviews physical properties of C60 fullerites and fullerides as characterized b... more This contribution reviews physical properties of C60 fullerites and fullerides as characterized by vibrational spectroscopy. Particular attention is paid to Raman and infrared spectroscopy for the pristine and alkali metal doped material. Experimental results as obtained from thin films and from single-crystals are considered. Characteristic changes of the material as a function of temperature, laser illumination, and doping conditions are discussed. A basic understanding of temperature induced line splitting, photochemical reactions, and doping induced line shifts as a consequence of electron-phonon coupling is given. Lineshapes for single-crystals doped to the metallic phase are analysed at least for the Raman spectra.
Metrologia
This intercomparison is carried out for step height standards with nominal step sizes 8 nm, 18 nm... more This intercomparison is carried out for step height standards with nominal step sizes 8 nm, 18 nm, 88 nm and 10 µm using non-contact measurement methods, with four participating NMIs. Measurement observation from the pilot laboratory exhibit significant stability of step height standards. For each step height standard, the supplementary comparison reference value (SCRV) is determined using weighted mean, followed by calculation of En values for outlier identification. Further the outliers were excluded based upon the Birge Ratio consistency test. Measurement results from all the participating NIMs have been compiled in this report. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
The key comparison EURAMET.L-K8.2013 on roughness was carried out in the framework of a EURAMET p... more The key comparison EURAMET.L-K8.2013 on roughness was carried out in the framework of a EURAMET project starting in 2013 and ending in 2015. It involved the participation of 17 National Metrology I ...
The key comparison EURAMET.L-K1.2011 on gauge blocks was carried out in the framework of a EURAME... more The key comparison EURAMET.L-K1.2011 on gauge blocks was carried out in the framework of a EURAMET project starting in 2012 and ending in 2015. It involved the participation of 24 National Metrolog ...
A comparison measurement between 10 national metrology institutes on two types of depth setting s... more A comparison measurement between 10 national metrology institutes on two types of depth setting standards was conducted using mostly tactile but also two optical instruments for measurement. Three etched silicon standards with depths of 5, 20 and 50 μm and one diamond turned nickel coated copper standard with depths of 200, 600 and 900 μm were measured. The cross section of the grooves was trapezoidal. Most of the participants confirmed their CMC entries. Since many measurements had to be made, contamination of the standards and heavy wear on the standards were also observed after the comparison was completed. The wear consists of indentation marks from stylus instruments on both types of standards and as many as 70 scratch marks on the nickel coated copper artefact used. This indicates that the contact pressure of the tactile measuring devices used by some partners was too high. This can be caused by a too high probing force or a too small probing tip radius. Thus, for future comparisons the actual probing force and actual tip radius need to be measured during the comparison by the participants to assure that the recommended values (2 μm tip radius and 0.7 mN probing force) are not exceeded. The recently published German standard DIN 32567-3 "Determination of the influence of materials on the optical and tactile dimensional metrology - Part 3: Derivation of correction values for tactile measuring devices" describes methods to do both. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Metrologia
The results of the inter-RMO key comparison EURAMET.L-K5.2016 on the calibration of a step gauge ... more The results of the inter-RMO key comparison EURAMET.L-K5.2016 on the calibration of a step gauge are reported. Twenty-two National Metrology Institutes from four different metrological regions all over the world participated in this comparison which lasted three years, from December 2015 to December 2018. Two artefacts were circulated so that the varying ranges of participants equipment could be accommodated. A 1020 mm ceramic monolithic step gauge remained stable throughout the comparison. A 610 mm steel step gauge changed length, possibly due to an impact while travelling between participants. The comparison of this artefact was divided into two groups, those before the damage and those after, with the reference value for each group derived from a linking participant who had demonstrated equivalence in the 1020 mm artefact circulation. For the 1020 mm comparison the inverse-variance weighted mean was taken as reference value. Of the twenty two participants, eleven successfully dem...
Metrologia
It has been brought to the attention of IOP Publishing that this Technical Supplement has been pu... more It has been brought to the attention of IOP Publishing that this Technical Supplement has been published in error and is an unintended duplication of a previously published manuscript (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/54/1A/04004). As such, this Technical Supplement is being retracted by IOP Publishing Limited with the agreement of BIPM and all the authors.
Annalen der Physik
Optical-frequency standards with various levels of performance are indispensable in metrology and... more Optical-frequency standards with various levels of performance are indispensable in metrology and have many applications from length measurement to atomic clocks and much more. The evolution of optical-frequency standards has been considerable. Originally introduced as primary realizations for the meter, they have evolved to optical clocks, which surpass the uncertainty and stability of microwave clocks. Herein, the status of the development of optical-frequency standards as far as length metrology is concerned is reviewed, giving a broad overview of the historical context, as well as an outlook about future evolution.
Metrologia
During the EURAMET TC-F meeting of 2014 and following the finalization of CCM.FF-K4.2.2011 compar... more During the EURAMET TC-F meeting of 2014 and following the finalization of CCM.FF-K4.2.2011 comparison, it was agreed to start a Regional Key Comparison (KC) on volume measurements using two 100 μL micropipettes (piston pipettes) allowing the participating laboratories to assess the agreement of their results and uncertainties. Two 100 μL micropipettes were tested by 15 participants. One participant was not a member or associate member of the BIPM and was be removed from this report. The comparison started in July 2015 and ended in March 2016. The Volume and Flow Laboratory of the Portuguese Institute for Quality (IPQ) was the pilot laboratory and performed the initial and final measurements of the micropipettes. The micropipettes showed a stable volume during the whole comparison, which was confirmed by the results from the pilot laboratory. The original results of all participant NMIs were corrected to the standard atmospheric pressure in order to compare results under the same cal...
Metrologia
Supplementary comparison of distance measurements using pocket-type laser instruments (EDMs), fol... more Supplementary comparison of distance measurements using pocket-type laser instruments (EDMs), following the previous comparison EURAMET.L-S20. Originally proposed by the CEM (ES) as a bilateral comparison with BEV (AT), after the open call made at the 2014 EURAMET TC-L meeting, VSL (NL) joined the comparison too. Registered as supplementary comparison EURAMET.L-S25 with CEM acting as coordinator and pilot laboratory. Transfer devices were two Leica DISTO EDMs, being the measurands the distances from the rear part of the EDMs to a target plate situated at 0.3 m and every 5 m until covering a range of 50 m. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Metrologia
In October 2012, the EURAMET Technical Committee for Length, TC-L, decided upon a supplementary c... more In October 2012, the EURAMET Technical Committee for Length, TC-L, decided upon a supplementary comparison on gauge block measurements by mechanical comparison, numbered EURAMET.L-S22, with the Danish Technological Institute (DTI) as the pilot laboratory, assisted by NPL (Andrew Lewis), which would provide a link to CCL-K1. The comparison was registered in February 2013, artefact circulation starts in June 2013 and ended in September 2014. Eight gauge blocks were calibrated using a five point measurement. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Metrologia, 2015
Details of the planned and actual schedules as well as date of receipt of results from the partic... more Details of the planned and actual schedules as well as date of receipt of results from the participants are shown in Table 2. The MRA states that the results should be sent within six weeks of completing the measurements. Table 2. Schedule of the comparison.
From in situ Raman measurements during potassium doping of pure C60 films to a structure KxC60 in... more From in situ Raman measurements during potassium doping of pure C60 films to a structure KxC60 in the range of 0
Solid State Communications, 1991
We report relative resonance Raman cross sections and self energy as a function of temperature fo... more We report relative resonance Raman cross sections and self energy as a function of temperature for the pinch mode of Ca0 at 1468cm-~. From a fit to the Albrecht theory optical transitions energies at 2.6 and 3.4 eV were deduced in good agreement with results from LDA calculations. The temperature dependence of the self energy changes characteristically at a temperature which corresponds to the/cc to sc phase transition.
We present a GUM conform treatment for estimating the measurement uncertainty of laser frequency ... more We present a GUM conform treatment for estimating the measurement uncertainty of laser frequency calibrations using a femtosecond optical frequency comb generator. Using the formalism developed a schema for a comb-comb comparison is proposed which delivers an upper bound for the uncertainty component originating from the calibration method. Experiments using three different combs are presented and the uncertainties analyzed. This work led to a significant reduction of the uncertainties for comb based laser calibrations for both institutes involved. To our knowledge this is the first direct comparison of combs in the mode of their actual intended operation as calibration instruments.
The functional form of the Steinhart-Hart equation which describes the electrical characteristics... more The functional form of the Steinhart-Hart equation which describes the electrical characteristics of NTC thermistors, is studied particularly with regard to its metrological properties. This equation is almost exclusively used in the community and it is even hard-wired in many commercial instruments. However this equation (in its original form) does not follow the rules of quantity calculus and it is not unit invariant. Therefore the naïve use is error prone. In this contribution proper metrological concepts to avoid pitfalls are presented.
Development of distance measurement instruments based on new technology is advancing. This increa... more Development of distance measurement instruments based on new technology is advancing. This increases interest in the best possible testing and validation services in metrology institutes and among manufacturers of surveying instruments. A recent project to improve the facilities in Europe, calibration of the new BEV geodetic baseline in Innsbruck, Austria, is presented here. The traceable scale was transferred there from the Nummela Standard Baseline of the FGI, Finland, with ±0.7 mm/km uncertainty (2-�) in autumn 2008. The most accurate EDM instrument available at present was used as transfer standard, which was calibrated using the results of interference measurements of 2007 in Nummela. Comparison of the results of 2008 with the first results from 2006 indicate good stability of the new baseline. The method and results represent the best current practice and state-of-the-art in the world. The work is a part of the work package “Outdoor comparison” of the European Metrology Resear...
High Tc Superconductors, 1989