Michael Weigold - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Michael Weigold
To my parents, Eui-Sin Lim and Jung-Sook Shin. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to give special th... more To my parents, Eui-Sin Lim and Jung-Sook Shin. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to give special thanks to Dr. Michael Weigold for being an excellent mentor, professor, advisor, and thesis committee chair. I appreciate all the time and knowledge he put into helping me with my thesis, and challenging me to learn more. I also want to thank my thesis committee members, Dr. Johanna Cleary and Dr. Jorge Villegas, for their insights, patience and support. v
Journal of Advertising Education, 2020
For the last twenty years, Chamberlin has been conducting and supervising scholarly research abou... more For the last twenty years, Chamberlin has been conducting and supervising scholarly research about Freedom of Information issues, including fiftystate comparisons of laws providing access to state meetings and records. Chamberlin has been asked to participate in the public policy debate over access to government information in numerous states, including California, Illinois, Iowa, Florida, New Jersey, and Wyoming. He also regularly talks to reporters about access issues. Chamberlin has received one national award for his work on MBCAP, and another three in part based on the project.
Social Cognition, 1990
Positive and negative motives and outcomes were manipulated in a series of short vignettes, along... more Positive and negative motives and outcomes were manipulated in a series of short vignettes, along with whether the outcomes of behavior were relatively foreseeable or unforeseeable. Subjects rated the actor's responsibility (praise-blame) for the outcome and for the goodness or badness of the actor's intentions. As expected, main effects were obtained for both the actor's motives and the outcomes they produced on ratings of perceived responsibility and intention. The proposed link between motive and intention was supported by the fact that the effect of motive on responsibility was completely eradicated when ratings of intention were covaried. When the outcomes of behavior were foreseeable, evidential (mediated by inferences of intentionality) influences of outcome information were expected to occur, whereas with low foreseeability, only an extraevidential effect (unmediated by inferences about intentionality) was expected. As predicted, the effect of outcome information was significant under conditions of both high and low foreseeability but was unassociated with ratings of intention when the outcomes of behavior were relatively unforeseeable. The distinction between evidential and extra-evidential factors sheds light on previous attributional research on responsibility and related evaluations.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1987
Previous research has found a strong and positive relationship between an individual's degree... more Previous research has found a strong and positive relationship between an individual's degree of self-monitoring and his or her memory for information about an observed other. In the present study this self-monitoring-memory correlation was undermined by subsequently exposing subjects to leading questions. This reduced self-monitoring-memory correlation resulted from the greater susceptibility of high- (relative to low-) self-monitoring individuals to the leading questions. Additional data indicated that the memorial advantage of high self-monitoring may be limited to specific kinds of information. It is concluded that high-self-monitoring individuals may make better eyewitnesses than low-self-monitoring individuals only under certain conditions.
Journal of Advertising, 1994
This study investigates the perceptions of familiar advertising controversies that are obtained f... more This study investigates the perceptions of familiar advertising controversies that are obtained from a diverse sample of 292 consumers. Topics from two broad categories of advertising practices are investigated: targeting practices and message strategies. For each topic, ...
Communication Research, 1995
... VIVIAN С. ... Schlenker, Britt, Pennington, Murphy, and Doherty (1994) argued that responsibi... more ... VIVIAN С. ... Schlenker, Britt, Pennington, Murphy, and Doherty (1994) argued that responsibility was a necessary component of the process of holding people accountable for their conduct, whereas accountability explicitly involves responsibility and evaluator-audiences who ...
Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1990
Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or ... more Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or disagreed with the decision maker's choice. Subjects read one of two vignettes describing the alternatives available to the decision maker, indicated which alternative they personally favored, and then learned about the decision maker's choice and the outcome that occurred. Study 1 varied whether the outcomes of the decision maker's choice were positive or negative, and whether the subject's preferred option matched (congruent choice) or did not match (incongruent choice) that of the decision maker. Subjects rated the extent to which they thought the decision maker was worthy of praise (in the case of positive outcomes) or blame (in the case of negative outcomes), and the decision maker's likableness and competence. Results revealed a strong effect of congruence on attributions of praise and blame: More praise was ascribed to an agreeing decision maker and more blame to a disagreeing decision maker. The degree...
Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1990
Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or ... more Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or disagreed with the decision maker's choice. Subjects read one of two vignettes describing the alternatives available to the decision maker, indicated which alternative they personally favored, and then learned about the decision maker's choice and the outcome that occurred. Study 1 varied whether the outcomes of the decision maker's choice were positive or negative, and whether the subject's preferred option matched (congruent choice) or did not match (incongruent choice) that of the decision maker. Subjects rated the extent to which they thought the decision maker was worthy of praise (in the case of positive outcomes) or blame (in the case of negative outcomes), and the decision maker's likableness and competence. Results revealed a strong effect of congruence on attributions of praise and blame: More praise was ascribed to an agreeing decision maker and more blame to a disagreeing decision maker. The degree...
Science Communication - SCI COMMUN, 2001
This article provides an overview of science communication, which is a vital area of mass communi... more This article provides an overview of science communication, which is a vital area of mass communication scholarship. The review is organized around the key players, including news organizations, reporters, science information professionals, scientists, and audiences. Also reviewed is the problem of science communication, which may be partly responsible for widespread science illiteracy. Ways of improving the practice of science communication and an agenda for future research are offered.
Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, Apr 1, 1999
EJ585494 - The Meaning of Diversity among the Professoriate.
A study examined the relationships among source diversity, medium reliance, and nominal issue div... more A study examined the relationships among source diversity, medium reliance, and nominal issue diversity. Source diversity is defined as the number of categories or classes of sources, and in the study nominal diversity within media (newspapers, television and magazines) was examined. Medium reliance is defined as the perceived usefulness of a given medium for information about issues, while nominal issue diversity is the number of categories or classes of issues considered salient by an individuol. A random sample of 223 graduate and undergraduate students at the University of Florida were interviewed. Results suggest positive associations between issue diversity and the following: newspaper diversity, magazine diversity, newspaper reliance and magazine reliance. Television diversity--measured as the number of channels ordinarily watched--was not found to be related to issue diversity. Similar patterns were found between medium reliance and issue diversity. Reliance on magazines and newspapers, but not radio and television, is related to nominal issue diversity. Findings also suggest that media diversity, in combination with motivation, is related to issue domain differentiation. These findings, when integrated with those from previous studies, represent the beginning 3f a model of issue domain structure and the antecedents of this structure. (A list of 67 sources is provided.) (NICA)
A study examined how the_diversity of media sources affected the structure of socia1:issue_cognit... more A study examined how the_diversity of media sources affected the structure of socia1:issue_cognitions. Interviews with 239 adults:produced data concerning (1) the need for cognition; (2) issue domain salience, (3) vnrcce reliance; (4) source diversity; (5) source exposure; (6) issue domain differentiation; and (7) domain integration. Support was found for a model in which issue integration is a function of need for cognition and issue salience. Issue__ differentiation was_positively associated with need for cognition and with media_source diversity. However; a powerful negative_ relationship_was observed_between_issue salience and issue differentiation. The findings suggest that source diversity is good predictor of issue-related cognitive effects. By contrast; source exposure and source reliance appeared to be unrelated to cognitive processes of differentiation and integration.
Health Communication, 2015
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that patients ask health care pro... more The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that patients ask health care providers to cleanse their hands in the patients' presence for each examination. This study investigates the utility of the recommendation in light of potential challenges stemming from norms in the provider-patient relationship. In addition, we investigate the role of individual differences that may make such a discussion especially difficult (e.g., interaction anxiety) or seem inappropriate (e.g., authoritarianism). We also seek to identify how well-known predictors of behavioral intentions (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, efficacy, outcome benefits and costs) affect intentions to perform this specific behavior. In total, 250 hospitalized, postsurgical patients were asked about their own likelihood of following the CDC recommendation. They were also asked to view and respond to video depictions of a doctor and patient interaction that varied the presence of a patient request and a doctor's cleansing. Results of the study suggest the CDC recommendation, without additional considerations, is unlikely to reduce dangers posed by health care worker transmission of infectious disease.
thesis [is] that people's problems dealing with accountability are at the core of most dysfun... more thesis [is] that people's problems dealing with accountability are at the core of most dysfunctional behaviors / when people confront threats to identity, as when they anticipate or experience failures, they increasingly attempt to change the timing, terms, and outcomes of their accountability present a model of accountability and try to establish its relevance for clinical symptomology / examine how people arrange their environments so as to control, as best as possible, the timing, terms, and outcomes of accountability in order to preserve desired identities (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
with the objective of integration, this chapter will discuss aspects of a theory of self-identifi... more with the objective of integration, this chapter will discuss aspects of a theory of self-identification / we consider the nature and implications of self-identification as a goal-directed activity in its own right and as a component of other goal-directed social behaviors the nature of self-identification / desirable images / "active" and "passive" self-identification context / person, situation, and audience identity images (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Journal of Direct Marketing, 1992
ABSTRACT Reactions to direct response ads for a personal computer are examined using a path analy... more ABSTRACT Reactions to direct response ads for a personal computer are examined using a path analysis. Endogenous variables are dispositional tendencies toward risk, knowledge of computers, product price, ad artwork, and information provided. Attitude toward the ad, brand attractiveness, brand value, and purchase riskiness are treated as mediating variables of purchase consideration. Results suggest information has important indirect and direct effects. Other variables, such as risk tendencies and purchase riskiness, appear to contribute little to our understanding of purchase consideration.
To my parents, Eui-Sin Lim and Jung-Sook Shin. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to give special th... more To my parents, Eui-Sin Lim and Jung-Sook Shin. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to give special thanks to Dr. Michael Weigold for being an excellent mentor, professor, advisor, and thesis committee chair. I appreciate all the time and knowledge he put into helping me with my thesis, and challenging me to learn more. I also want to thank my thesis committee members, Dr. Johanna Cleary and Dr. Jorge Villegas, for their insights, patience and support. v
Journal of Advertising Education, 2020
For the last twenty years, Chamberlin has been conducting and supervising scholarly research abou... more For the last twenty years, Chamberlin has been conducting and supervising scholarly research about Freedom of Information issues, including fiftystate comparisons of laws providing access to state meetings and records. Chamberlin has been asked to participate in the public policy debate over access to government information in numerous states, including California, Illinois, Iowa, Florida, New Jersey, and Wyoming. He also regularly talks to reporters about access issues. Chamberlin has received one national award for his work on MBCAP, and another three in part based on the project.
Social Cognition, 1990
Positive and negative motives and outcomes were manipulated in a series of short vignettes, along... more Positive and negative motives and outcomes were manipulated in a series of short vignettes, along with whether the outcomes of behavior were relatively foreseeable or unforeseeable. Subjects rated the actor's responsibility (praise-blame) for the outcome and for the goodness or badness of the actor's intentions. As expected, main effects were obtained for both the actor's motives and the outcomes they produced on ratings of perceived responsibility and intention. The proposed link between motive and intention was supported by the fact that the effect of motive on responsibility was completely eradicated when ratings of intention were covaried. When the outcomes of behavior were foreseeable, evidential (mediated by inferences of intentionality) influences of outcome information were expected to occur, whereas with low foreseeability, only an extraevidential effect (unmediated by inferences about intentionality) was expected. As predicted, the effect of outcome information was significant under conditions of both high and low foreseeability but was unassociated with ratings of intention when the outcomes of behavior were relatively unforeseeable. The distinction between evidential and extra-evidential factors sheds light on previous attributional research on responsibility and related evaluations.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1987
Previous research has found a strong and positive relationship between an individual's degree... more Previous research has found a strong and positive relationship between an individual's degree of self-monitoring and his or her memory for information about an observed other. In the present study this self-monitoring-memory correlation was undermined by subsequently exposing subjects to leading questions. This reduced self-monitoring-memory correlation resulted from the greater susceptibility of high- (relative to low-) self-monitoring individuals to the leading questions. Additional data indicated that the memorial advantage of high self-monitoring may be limited to specific kinds of information. It is concluded that high-self-monitoring individuals may make better eyewitnesses than low-self-monitoring individuals only under certain conditions.
Journal of Advertising, 1994
This study investigates the perceptions of familiar advertising controversies that are obtained f... more This study investigates the perceptions of familiar advertising controversies that are obtained from a diverse sample of 292 consumers. Topics from two broad categories of advertising practices are investigated: targeting practices and message strategies. For each topic, ...
Communication Research, 1995
... VIVIAN С. ... Schlenker, Britt, Pennington, Murphy, and Doherty (1994) argued that responsibi... more ... VIVIAN С. ... Schlenker, Britt, Pennington, Murphy, and Doherty (1994) argued that responsibility was a necessary component of the process of holding people accountable for their conduct, whereas accountability explicitly involves responsibility and evaluator-audiences who ...
Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1990
Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or ... more Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or disagreed with the decision maker's choice. Subjects read one of two vignettes describing the alternatives available to the decision maker, indicated which alternative they personally favored, and then learned about the decision maker's choice and the outcome that occurred. Study 1 varied whether the outcomes of the decision maker's choice were positive or negative, and whether the subject's preferred option matched (congruent choice) or did not match (incongruent choice) that of the decision maker. Subjects rated the extent to which they thought the decision maker was worthy of praise (in the case of positive outcomes) or blame (in the case of negative outcomes), and the decision maker's likableness and competence. Results revealed a strong effect of congruence on attributions of praise and blame: More praise was ascribed to an agreeing decision maker and more blame to a disagreeing decision maker. The degree...
Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1990
Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or ... more Two studies were conducted in which decision makers were evaluated by subjects who had agreed or disagreed with the decision maker's choice. Subjects read one of two vignettes describing the alternatives available to the decision maker, indicated which alternative they personally favored, and then learned about the decision maker's choice and the outcome that occurred. Study 1 varied whether the outcomes of the decision maker's choice were positive or negative, and whether the subject's preferred option matched (congruent choice) or did not match (incongruent choice) that of the decision maker. Subjects rated the extent to which they thought the decision maker was worthy of praise (in the case of positive outcomes) or blame (in the case of negative outcomes), and the decision maker's likableness and competence. Results revealed a strong effect of congruence on attributions of praise and blame: More praise was ascribed to an agreeing decision maker and more blame to a disagreeing decision maker. The degree...
Science Communication - SCI COMMUN, 2001
This article provides an overview of science communication, which is a vital area of mass communi... more This article provides an overview of science communication, which is a vital area of mass communication scholarship. The review is organized around the key players, including news organizations, reporters, science information professionals, scientists, and audiences. Also reviewed is the problem of science communication, which may be partly responsible for widespread science illiteracy. Ways of improving the practice of science communication and an agenda for future research are offered.
Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, Apr 1, 1999
EJ585494 - The Meaning of Diversity among the Professoriate.
A study examined the relationships among source diversity, medium reliance, and nominal issue div... more A study examined the relationships among source diversity, medium reliance, and nominal issue diversity. Source diversity is defined as the number of categories or classes of sources, and in the study nominal diversity within media (newspapers, television and magazines) was examined. Medium reliance is defined as the perceived usefulness of a given medium for information about issues, while nominal issue diversity is the number of categories or classes of issues considered salient by an individuol. A random sample of 223 graduate and undergraduate students at the University of Florida were interviewed. Results suggest positive associations between issue diversity and the following: newspaper diversity, magazine diversity, newspaper reliance and magazine reliance. Television diversity--measured as the number of channels ordinarily watched--was not found to be related to issue diversity. Similar patterns were found between medium reliance and issue diversity. Reliance on magazines and newspapers, but not radio and television, is related to nominal issue diversity. Findings also suggest that media diversity, in combination with motivation, is related to issue domain differentiation. These findings, when integrated with those from previous studies, represent the beginning 3f a model of issue domain structure and the antecedents of this structure. (A list of 67 sources is provided.) (NICA)
A study examined how the_diversity of media sources affected the structure of socia1:issue_cognit... more A study examined how the_diversity of media sources affected the structure of socia1:issue_cognitions. Interviews with 239 adults:produced data concerning (1) the need for cognition; (2) issue domain salience, (3) vnrcce reliance; (4) source diversity; (5) source exposure; (6) issue domain differentiation; and (7) domain integration. Support was found for a model in which issue integration is a function of need for cognition and issue salience. Issue__ differentiation was_positively associated with need for cognition and with media_source diversity. However; a powerful negative_ relationship_was observed_between_issue salience and issue differentiation. The findings suggest that source diversity is good predictor of issue-related cognitive effects. By contrast; source exposure and source reliance appeared to be unrelated to cognitive processes of differentiation and integration.
Health Communication, 2015
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that patients ask health care pro... more The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that patients ask health care providers to cleanse their hands in the patients' presence for each examination. This study investigates the utility of the recommendation in light of potential challenges stemming from norms in the provider-patient relationship. In addition, we investigate the role of individual differences that may make such a discussion especially difficult (e.g., interaction anxiety) or seem inappropriate (e.g., authoritarianism). We also seek to identify how well-known predictors of behavioral intentions (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, efficacy, outcome benefits and costs) affect intentions to perform this specific behavior. In total, 250 hospitalized, postsurgical patients were asked about their own likelihood of following the CDC recommendation. They were also asked to view and respond to video depictions of a doctor and patient interaction that varied the presence of a patient request and a doctor's cleansing. Results of the study suggest the CDC recommendation, without additional considerations, is unlikely to reduce dangers posed by health care worker transmission of infectious disease.
thesis [is] that people's problems dealing with accountability are at the core of most dysfun... more thesis [is] that people's problems dealing with accountability are at the core of most dysfunctional behaviors / when people confront threats to identity, as when they anticipate or experience failures, they increasingly attempt to change the timing, terms, and outcomes of their accountability present a model of accountability and try to establish its relevance for clinical symptomology / examine how people arrange their environments so as to control, as best as possible, the timing, terms, and outcomes of accountability in order to preserve desired identities (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
with the objective of integration, this chapter will discuss aspects of a theory of self-identifi... more with the objective of integration, this chapter will discuss aspects of a theory of self-identification / we consider the nature and implications of self-identification as a goal-directed activity in its own right and as a component of other goal-directed social behaviors the nature of self-identification / desirable images / "active" and "passive" self-identification context / person, situation, and audience identity images (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Journal of Direct Marketing, 1992
ABSTRACT Reactions to direct response ads for a personal computer are examined using a path analy... more ABSTRACT Reactions to direct response ads for a personal computer are examined using a path analysis. Endogenous variables are dispositional tendencies toward risk, knowledge of computers, product price, ad artwork, and information provided. Attitude toward the ad, brand attractiveness, brand value, and purchase riskiness are treated as mediating variables of purchase consideration. Results suggest information has important indirect and direct effects. Other variables, such as risk tendencies and purchase riskiness, appear to contribute little to our understanding of purchase consideration.