Michela Lanchi - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Michela Lanchi
Low Temperature Production of SO2 from H2SO4 In the Si Thermochemical Cycle by Using Iron(III) Sulfate Intermediate
ABSTRACT
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation into Alternative Versions of the Bunsen Reaction
Low-cost, high-capacity processes for the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals are esse... more Low-cost, high-capacity processes for the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals are essential for expanding the utilization of carbon neutral processes, reducing dependency on fossil fuel resources, and increasing rural income. The quality of bio-oils can be improved by the partial or total elimination of the oxygenated functionalities present. Two main deoxygenation methods have been studied for this purpose. The first comprises bio-oil cracking over solid acid catalysts at atmospheric pressure, resulting in simultaneous dehydrationdecarboxylation. The other utilizes typical hydrotreating conditions, high hydrogen pressures in combination with conventional catalysts, for the hydrogenation of unsaturated groups and hydrogenation-hydrocracking of large molecules. Although hydrotreating is extremely effective, technoeconomic analyses reveal its economics to be unfavorable for the production of the fuel-type products it affords. If renewable hydrogen is readily available, then this may not be such a disadvantage; however, this approach is unsuited for the distributed stabilization/upgrading of pyrolysis oil. Hydroprocessing of vegetable oils allows easy transformation of fatty acid triglycerides into hydrocarbons. In this study is represented a new process for the production of hydrogenated bio-oils starting with "waste" of petroleum processing (sulfur) to get hydrogen, using concentrated solar energy, for hydrogenation of bio-oils.
Hydrogen Production by Sulfur-Iodine Thermochemical Cycle: Experimental Tests on Hydriodic Section Concerning Iodine Purification System
ABSTRACT
Experimetal study of the Bunsen reaction for the S-I Thermochemical Cycle
Chemical Engineering Transactions
It is widely agreed that the most energy consuming part of the S-I thermochemical cycle for hydro... more It is widely agreed that the most energy consuming part of the S-I thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production is represented by separation processes, especially for the HI decomposition section. The design of these processes and consequently the assessment of the real potential of the S-I cycle depends on the understanding of thermodynamic equilibrium and models construction of the ternary system HI-H 2 O-I 2 . In this paper, a new thermodynamic model for the electrolyte system HI-I 2 -H 2 O is proposed and validated against vapour-liquid (V-L) equilibrium data at atmospheric pressure. The proposed model provides a reliable description of V-L equilibrium of the ternary system of interest.
Hydrogen Production by Sulphur Iodine Cycle Fed by Solar Energy: Realization of a Laboratory Plant and Possible Spin-off On the Industrial Field
In a desirable future in which energy could be not related to greenhouse emissions of gases into ... more In a desirable future in which energy could be not related to greenhouse emissions of gases into the atmosphere and without consuming resources owned from few countries, with its resulting strategic use, the hydrogen produced from water using renewable energy sources seems the best solution. In this framework, ENEA has started a study of the thermolysis through thermochemical cycles powered by solar energy. The TEPSI project, in this regard, has as main objective, the construction of a plant for the production of 10 NL/h of hydrogen by sulfur-iodine cycle, which starting from water through a closed cycle of reactions that generate and consume iodine, hydriodic acid, sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide, produces hydrogen and oxygen at a temperature compatible with current solar collectors technology and with a higher efficiency then the traditional methods of water thermolysis. A massive hydrogen production by this researched innovative methods will presumably be achieved by 2030, when ...
Hydrogen Production by Means of S-I Thermochemical Cycle Powered by Combined Solar-fossil Energy
Hydrogen production from water using sulfur-iodine (S-I) thermochemical cycle, powered by combine... more Hydrogen production from water using sulfur-iodine (S-I) thermochemical cycle, powered by combined solar and fossil heat sources, has been investigated in terms of process efficiency and costs. The combined energy supply has been conceived in order to operate the chemical process continuously: a solar concentrator plant supplies thermal load for services at medium temperatures (<550°C) by the use of molten salts as energy carrier with a large scale heat storage, while a fossil fuel furnace provides heat load for endothermic reactor operating at higher temperatures. This device permits the plant to provide continuously thermal power at a constant rate, regardless of variations in solar power availability. Moreover, the S-I chemical process has been interfaced to a methanol production plant fed with the carbon oxides generated by fossil fuel combustion and a fraction of the hydrogen produced. Since the sulfuric acid concentration/decomposition section of the chemical plant is inter...
Synthèse de métaux supportés Ni/Al2O3 et Pt/Al2O3 pour la production de H2 à partir de HI
Synthesis of the catalyst Ni/Al2O3 for the production of H2 from HI decomposition in the thermochemical water splitting
Supported Catalysts in Heterogeneous Gas Phase Hydrogen Iodide Decomposition Reaction: a Screening Study
ON-SUN DEMONSTRATION OF THE HYDROGEN RELEASING STEP OF THE MIXED FERRITES THERMOCHEMICAL CYCLE: THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE REACTOR
The Sulphur-Iodine (S-I) thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production from water is one of the wi... more The Sulphur-Iodine (S-I) thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production from water is one of the widest investigated cycles in the world. Considered the complexity of the S-I process scheme, the focus on chemical characterization of the flowstreams in the loop plant is crucial in order to fully understand chemical equilibriums involved at varying hydriodic acid: (HI:I 2 ) ratio in the mixtures and to determine HI and I 2 contents as well. Raman spectroscopy has been widely used to investigate iodine solutions, however few works deals with I 2 in HI aqueous mixtures. The aim of the present study is to use Raman spectroscopy for a rapid qualitative and quantitative characterization of the HI-H 2 O-I 2 mixtures involved in the S-I process. At this purpose, Raman spectra of solutions with known HI and I 2 concentration have been recorded at varying I 2 and HI compositions. It has been found that the chemistry of these solutions is highly dependant on HI:I 2 molar ratio. For ratio up to 1:1, the dominant iodine compounds are I 3 and its corresponding ion pair HI 3 . At higher values, close to those of the hydriodic phase HIx of the Bunsen reaction, there is experimental evidence of the formation of higher polyiodine and polyiodides compounds.
Solar Energy, 2013
The manganese-ferrite thermochemical cycle developed by ENEA for hydrogen production, whose maxim... more The manganese-ferrite thermochemical cycle developed by ENEA for hydrogen production, whose maximum temperature level lays in the range 750-800°C, has a high potential for coupling with the solar source using conventional structural materials. As a first step for the on sun feasibility validation of the cycle, an experimental survey of the thermal performance of a receiver-reactor designed by ENEA, to be powered by a solar furnace (1 kW), has been carried out in the absence of a reaction. The temperature distribution over the reactor chamber as a function of solar irradiation has been measured and the thermal inertia of the system has been evaluated. The experimental results confirm that the reactor temperature and inertia are compatible with the manganese-ferrite cycle and other cycles operating at moderate temperatures. In order to set the basis for the evaluation of this and other similar prototypes, a finite element model (FEM) has been developed to describe the thermofluidodynamic behavior of the reactor. Good agreement between calculated and experimental data has been obtained; therefore this model will be improved and extended to describe both the hydrogen and oxygen releasing reactions of the manganese-ferrite cycle, with the aim of optimizing the reactor design.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation into the Formation and Reactivity of M(Cp)(CO) 2 (CO 2 ) (M = Mn or Re) in Liquid and Supercritical CO 2 and the Effect of Different CO 2 Coordination Modes on Reaction Rates with CO, H 2 , and N 2
Organometallics, 2009
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012
H 2 SO 4 Flue gas Desulphurization a b s t r a c t The use of low quality fossil fuel with high s... more H 2 SO 4 Flue gas Desulphurization a b s t r a c t The use of low quality fossil fuel with high sulfur content is becoming more frequent and probably will play a very important role in the future, due to the depletion of reserves.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012
The faster and faster global growth of energy consumption generates serious problems on its suppl... more The faster and faster global growth of energy consumption generates serious problems on its supply and about the pollution that may result. Through the use of thermochemical cycles it is possible to use renewable energy to produce hydrogen from water, with the dual purpose of having an unlimited source of energy without producing greenhouse gases.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
R. Liberatore). A v a i l a b l e a t w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m j o u r n a l h o... more R. Liberatore). A v a i l a b l e a t w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / h e
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012
Raman spectroscopy I 2 speciation HIeI 2 eH 2 O Solutions a b s t r a c t The SulphureIodine (SeI... more Raman spectroscopy I 2 speciation HIeI 2 eH 2 O Solutions a b s t r a c t The SulphureIodine (SeI) thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production from water is one of the widest investigated cycles in the world. The SeI cycle is composed of three main sections which correspond to its three main reactions: the Bunsen reaction, the hydriodic acid (HI) decomposition and the sulphuric acid decomposition. The investigation, comprehension and modelling of the complex electrolytic chemistry of the HI solutions is crucial for the process optimization. In particular, the analysis of chemical speciation in the HI solutions is a key factor for the full understanding of the chemical equilibria involved at varying I 2 :HI ratio in the mixtures. The aim of the present study is to use Raman spectroscopy for characterizing the chemical speciation of iodine compounds existing in the mixtures that pertain to the SeI process. For this purpose, Raman spectra of solutions with known HI and I 2 concentration have been recorded. It has been found that the chemistry of these solutions is highly dependent on I 2 :HI molar ratio. Up to 1:1 ratio, I À 3 and its corresponding ion pair HI 3 * are the dominant iodine compounds. At higher values, the formation of higher polyiodine and polyiodides compounds has been suggested.
Use of metallic Ni for H2 production in S–I thermochemical cycle: Experimental and theoretical analysis
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
ABSTRACT The gaseous hydrogen iodide decomposition is a thermodynamically limited reaction and su... more ABSTRACT The gaseous hydrogen iodide decomposition is a thermodynamically limited reaction and subsequently a considerable energy expense for the separation and recirculation of the unreacted species is required. In addition the homogeneous gas phase decomposition of hydrogen iodide has a very low rate and the use of a catalytic system, which is generally highly expensive, is necessary. Hence, with the aim of overcoming the bottleneck represented by the hydrogen releasing step of the Sulphur–Iodine (S–I) cycle in terms of costs and process efficiency, in the present work an alternative version of the HI decomposition section (HIx section) is proposed. In that alternative configuration the addition of metallic nickel into the heavy phase coming from Bunsen reaction is conceived in order to quantitatively obtain hydrogen at low temperature. A theoretical and experimental investigation has been performed, a new cycle has been conceived and the resulting energy demand assessed.
Low Temperature Production of SO2 from H2SO4 In the Si Thermochemical Cycle by Using Iron(III) Sulfate Intermediate
ABSTRACT
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation into Alternative Versions of the Bunsen Reaction
Low-cost, high-capacity processes for the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals are esse... more Low-cost, high-capacity processes for the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals are essential for expanding the utilization of carbon neutral processes, reducing dependency on fossil fuel resources, and increasing rural income. The quality of bio-oils can be improved by the partial or total elimination of the oxygenated functionalities present. Two main deoxygenation methods have been studied for this purpose. The first comprises bio-oil cracking over solid acid catalysts at atmospheric pressure, resulting in simultaneous dehydrationdecarboxylation. The other utilizes typical hydrotreating conditions, high hydrogen pressures in combination with conventional catalysts, for the hydrogenation of unsaturated groups and hydrogenation-hydrocracking of large molecules. Although hydrotreating is extremely effective, technoeconomic analyses reveal its economics to be unfavorable for the production of the fuel-type products it affords. If renewable hydrogen is readily available, then this may not be such a disadvantage; however, this approach is unsuited for the distributed stabilization/upgrading of pyrolysis oil. Hydroprocessing of vegetable oils allows easy transformation of fatty acid triglycerides into hydrocarbons. In this study is represented a new process for the production of hydrogenated bio-oils starting with "waste" of petroleum processing (sulfur) to get hydrogen, using concentrated solar energy, for hydrogenation of bio-oils.
Hydrogen Production by Sulfur-Iodine Thermochemical Cycle: Experimental Tests on Hydriodic Section Concerning Iodine Purification System
ABSTRACT
Experimetal study of the Bunsen reaction for the S-I Thermochemical Cycle
Chemical Engineering Transactions
It is widely agreed that the most energy consuming part of the S-I thermochemical cycle for hydro... more It is widely agreed that the most energy consuming part of the S-I thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production is represented by separation processes, especially for the HI decomposition section. The design of these processes and consequently the assessment of the real potential of the S-I cycle depends on the understanding of thermodynamic equilibrium and models construction of the ternary system HI-H 2 O-I 2 . In this paper, a new thermodynamic model for the electrolyte system HI-I 2 -H 2 O is proposed and validated against vapour-liquid (V-L) equilibrium data at atmospheric pressure. The proposed model provides a reliable description of V-L equilibrium of the ternary system of interest.
Hydrogen Production by Sulphur Iodine Cycle Fed by Solar Energy: Realization of a Laboratory Plant and Possible Spin-off On the Industrial Field
In a desirable future in which energy could be not related to greenhouse emissions of gases into ... more In a desirable future in which energy could be not related to greenhouse emissions of gases into the atmosphere and without consuming resources owned from few countries, with its resulting strategic use, the hydrogen produced from water using renewable energy sources seems the best solution. In this framework, ENEA has started a study of the thermolysis through thermochemical cycles powered by solar energy. The TEPSI project, in this regard, has as main objective, the construction of a plant for the production of 10 NL/h of hydrogen by sulfur-iodine cycle, which starting from water through a closed cycle of reactions that generate and consume iodine, hydriodic acid, sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide, produces hydrogen and oxygen at a temperature compatible with current solar collectors technology and with a higher efficiency then the traditional methods of water thermolysis. A massive hydrogen production by this researched innovative methods will presumably be achieved by 2030, when ...
Hydrogen Production by Means of S-I Thermochemical Cycle Powered by Combined Solar-fossil Energy
Hydrogen production from water using sulfur-iodine (S-I) thermochemical cycle, powered by combine... more Hydrogen production from water using sulfur-iodine (S-I) thermochemical cycle, powered by combined solar and fossil heat sources, has been investigated in terms of process efficiency and costs. The combined energy supply has been conceived in order to operate the chemical process continuously: a solar concentrator plant supplies thermal load for services at medium temperatures (<550°C) by the use of molten salts as energy carrier with a large scale heat storage, while a fossil fuel furnace provides heat load for endothermic reactor operating at higher temperatures. This device permits the plant to provide continuously thermal power at a constant rate, regardless of variations in solar power availability. Moreover, the S-I chemical process has been interfaced to a methanol production plant fed with the carbon oxides generated by fossil fuel combustion and a fraction of the hydrogen produced. Since the sulfuric acid concentration/decomposition section of the chemical plant is inter...
Synthèse de métaux supportés Ni/Al2O3 et Pt/Al2O3 pour la production de H2 à partir de HI
Synthesis of the catalyst Ni/Al2O3 for the production of H2 from HI decomposition in the thermochemical water splitting
Supported Catalysts in Heterogeneous Gas Phase Hydrogen Iodide Decomposition Reaction: a Screening Study
ON-SUN DEMONSTRATION OF THE HYDROGEN RELEASING STEP OF THE MIXED FERRITES THERMOCHEMICAL CYCLE: THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE REACTOR
The Sulphur-Iodine (S-I) thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production from water is one of the wi... more The Sulphur-Iodine (S-I) thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production from water is one of the widest investigated cycles in the world. Considered the complexity of the S-I process scheme, the focus on chemical characterization of the flowstreams in the loop plant is crucial in order to fully understand chemical equilibriums involved at varying hydriodic acid: (HI:I 2 ) ratio in the mixtures and to determine HI and I 2 contents as well. Raman spectroscopy has been widely used to investigate iodine solutions, however few works deals with I 2 in HI aqueous mixtures. The aim of the present study is to use Raman spectroscopy for a rapid qualitative and quantitative characterization of the HI-H 2 O-I 2 mixtures involved in the S-I process. At this purpose, Raman spectra of solutions with known HI and I 2 concentration have been recorded at varying I 2 and HI compositions. It has been found that the chemistry of these solutions is highly dependant on HI:I 2 molar ratio. For ratio up to 1:1, the dominant iodine compounds are I 3 and its corresponding ion pair HI 3 . At higher values, close to those of the hydriodic phase HIx of the Bunsen reaction, there is experimental evidence of the formation of higher polyiodine and polyiodides compounds.
Solar Energy, 2013
The manganese-ferrite thermochemical cycle developed by ENEA for hydrogen production, whose maxim... more The manganese-ferrite thermochemical cycle developed by ENEA for hydrogen production, whose maximum temperature level lays in the range 750-800°C, has a high potential for coupling with the solar source using conventional structural materials. As a first step for the on sun feasibility validation of the cycle, an experimental survey of the thermal performance of a receiver-reactor designed by ENEA, to be powered by a solar furnace (1 kW), has been carried out in the absence of a reaction. The temperature distribution over the reactor chamber as a function of solar irradiation has been measured and the thermal inertia of the system has been evaluated. The experimental results confirm that the reactor temperature and inertia are compatible with the manganese-ferrite cycle and other cycles operating at moderate temperatures. In order to set the basis for the evaluation of this and other similar prototypes, a finite element model (FEM) has been developed to describe the thermofluidodynamic behavior of the reactor. Good agreement between calculated and experimental data has been obtained; therefore this model will be improved and extended to describe both the hydrogen and oxygen releasing reactions of the manganese-ferrite cycle, with the aim of optimizing the reactor design.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation into the Formation and Reactivity of M(Cp)(CO) 2 (CO 2 ) (M = Mn or Re) in Liquid and Supercritical CO 2 and the Effect of Different CO 2 Coordination Modes on Reaction Rates with CO, H 2 , and N 2
Organometallics, 2009
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012
H 2 SO 4 Flue gas Desulphurization a b s t r a c t The use of low quality fossil fuel with high s... more H 2 SO 4 Flue gas Desulphurization a b s t r a c t The use of low quality fossil fuel with high sulfur content is becoming more frequent and probably will play a very important role in the future, due to the depletion of reserves.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012
The faster and faster global growth of energy consumption generates serious problems on its suppl... more The faster and faster global growth of energy consumption generates serious problems on its supply and about the pollution that may result. Through the use of thermochemical cycles it is possible to use renewable energy to produce hydrogen from water, with the dual purpose of having an unlimited source of energy without producing greenhouse gases.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
R. Liberatore). A v a i l a b l e a t w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m j o u r n a l h o... more R. Liberatore). A v a i l a b l e a t w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / h e
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012
Raman spectroscopy I 2 speciation HIeI 2 eH 2 O Solutions a b s t r a c t The SulphureIodine (SeI... more Raman spectroscopy I 2 speciation HIeI 2 eH 2 O Solutions a b s t r a c t The SulphureIodine (SeI) thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production from water is one of the widest investigated cycles in the world. The SeI cycle is composed of three main sections which correspond to its three main reactions: the Bunsen reaction, the hydriodic acid (HI) decomposition and the sulphuric acid decomposition. The investigation, comprehension and modelling of the complex electrolytic chemistry of the HI solutions is crucial for the process optimization. In particular, the analysis of chemical speciation in the HI solutions is a key factor for the full understanding of the chemical equilibria involved at varying I 2 :HI ratio in the mixtures. The aim of the present study is to use Raman spectroscopy for characterizing the chemical speciation of iodine compounds existing in the mixtures that pertain to the SeI process. For this purpose, Raman spectra of solutions with known HI and I 2 concentration have been recorded. It has been found that the chemistry of these solutions is highly dependent on I 2 :HI molar ratio. Up to 1:1 ratio, I À 3 and its corresponding ion pair HI 3 * are the dominant iodine compounds. At higher values, the formation of higher polyiodine and polyiodides compounds has been suggested.
Use of metallic Ni for H2 production in S–I thermochemical cycle: Experimental and theoretical analysis
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
ABSTRACT The gaseous hydrogen iodide decomposition is a thermodynamically limited reaction and su... more ABSTRACT The gaseous hydrogen iodide decomposition is a thermodynamically limited reaction and subsequently a considerable energy expense for the separation and recirculation of the unreacted species is required. In addition the homogeneous gas phase decomposition of hydrogen iodide has a very low rate and the use of a catalytic system, which is generally highly expensive, is necessary. Hence, with the aim of overcoming the bottleneck represented by the hydrogen releasing step of the Sulphur–Iodine (S–I) cycle in terms of costs and process efficiency, in the present work an alternative version of the HI decomposition section (HIx section) is proposed. In that alternative configuration the addition of metallic nickel into the heavy phase coming from Bunsen reaction is conceived in order to quantitatively obtain hydrogen at low temperature. A theoretical and experimental investigation has been performed, a new cycle has been conceived and the resulting energy demand assessed.