Michele Candela - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Michele Candela
RILEM Bookseries, 2019
The work describes the static and dynamic experimentation carried out on a pavilion vault, recons... more The work describes the static and dynamic experimentation carried out on a pavilion vault, reconstructed in brick masonry with traditional techniques in an old partially collapsed convent. The vault was instrumented by using special bricks in some points, equipped with strain gauges inside them, in order to measure the stress state under static and dynamic conditions. The static tests were carried out through vertical loads at the extrados, uniformly distributed over the entire plan or, asymmetrically, only on a quarter of the vault plan. The dynamic tests were carried out by inducing the vibration to the entire convent through explosive charges, placed at a short distance and calibrated in such a way as to induce an excitation that is as similar as possible to an impulsive earthquake motion of low intensity. The results have shown the good behavior of this structural element under dynamic conditions, even if the level of excitation was rather low. Moreover, a first calibration of t...
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2008
... Alessia Bianco^, Michele Candela^ and Roberta Fontf ... This last has attenuated in terrestri... more ... Alessia Bianco^, Michele Candela^ and Roberta Fontf ... This last has attenuated in terrestrial where the presence of a vegetable coverage or a mantle of deposits it determines one some protection to the underlying rock, nevertheless, rigid winters can produce energetic actions ...
In the paper one focuses on the need of coupling the building site experience with a deep theoret... more In the paper one focuses on the need of coupling the building site experience with a deep theoretical knowledge, which is of primary importance especially when dealing with masonry fabrics, and in particular with constructions with an historical or monumental relevance. The case of the monumental complex of S. Domenico Maggiore in the Campania Region is focused on, by presenting some intervention strategy adopted for increasing the seismic vulnerability of the main Chapter Hall. Key-Words: Masonry constructions, Monumental Heritage, Preservation, Refurbishment, in-situ investigations, Study case.
In this study, seismic precautions in Ottoman Baths related with architectural design and constru... more In this study, seismic precautions in Ottoman Baths related with architectural design and construction detailing is identified according to the methodological approach which was studied in Politecnico Di Milano as a PhD thesis. There are so many questions that arise from the investigation on ancient structures. Butone of the most interesting one is; how old masons design architectural plan and sectional layout support with ancient anti - seismic constructions details? This question is important in order to understand the development of the construction against the seismicity. Three case studies Gazi Mihal Bey Bath 15th century, Suleymanpasa Bath 15th century and Kesan Bath 16th century baths in Turkey were examined. To define the question, those structures of case studies were analyzed with qualitative criteria’s.
the historical centre of this city was strongly damaged by it. In order to research and obtain an... more the historical centre of this city was strongly damaged by it. In order to research and obtain an effective and sustainable strategy of intervention, strictly connected to this masonry typology, a destructive in-situ test campaign for full-scale structural elements was planned. According to the Municipality Authorities, a corner palace permanent damaged was chosen. It is placed along the left side of Saint Peter' Square, beside to the homonym church. The masonry features: no ordinary setting, small size of the stones, regular flatten made in bricks, no transversal section links, made hard the consolidation approach detection. Seven panels were selected, strengthened with different methods, and tested with the final aim to evaluate in-plane and out-of-plane masonry response. This paper will point up panels' out-of-plane answer, data reading and final remarks (in-plane mechanical characterization is illustrate in Candela et al. (2012).
The presented research investigates the problem of assessing the seismic resistance of rubble mas... more The presented research investigates the problem of assessing the seismic resistance of rubble masonry walls to normal lateral forces. Published research on this topic is sparse and reliable data on existing rubble masonry are still lacking. In particular, further studies are required when disconnected rubble walls are rocking out-of-plane with fully cracked sections. This subject was addressed by on-site experimental tests of full-scale elements. The selected case studies are located in Italy, in regions prone to earthquakes, which were
The areas around the Messina' strait are affected by a geological pathology, which produced typic... more The areas around the Messina' strait are affected by a geological pathology, which produced typical pattern of cracks duo to horizontal movement of translation of the ground. This slow creep's phenomenon in the soil is called "soil-fluxion" and generally it can be noticed in clayey soil, which easily absorbs a lot of water. In particular, the historical and monumental buildings placed on this soil and consequently affected by this problem deserve particular emphasis for their safety; therefore the careful examination of the crack distribution on the masonry walls became very important to clearly identify the diagnosis: in this paper some study cases will be point out to clearly explain the matter. The solifluxion phenomenon has no solution but may be possible to propose an innovative strategy of intervention. It consists in "oleo-dynamic" devices employ, they are called shock block transmitters and they can provide different restraint condition according to loading one variation. In addition, in case of earthquake, an important part of the input seismic energy can be dissipated. As a result, masonry wall physically separated by the cracks must be consolidated like elements statically independent each other. Metal tie-rods equipped with "oleo dynamic" devices will supply masonry disconnection; moreover, in case of dynamic condition, such as earthquake ones, each "oleo dynamic" device provides a fully restraint effect.
Advanced Materials Research, 2010
For at least five hundred years, the majestic grange of St. Anne in Montauro (CZ) has been overlo... more For at least five hundred years, the majestic grange of St. Anne in Montauro (CZ) has been overlooking the wonderful gulf of Squillace, placed at the core of Calabrian Ionic Coast. Masonry ramparts size (more than 7 metres high and 1,60 wide at the basis) together with the massive presence of four angular towers immediately hit even an inattentive beholder. Unfortunately, the predominant presence of grange results damaged by a clearly visible crack outline, which turned a great part of surrounding wall into a perpendicular heap of huge masonry portions. They appear disconnected and sheer, so that some panel systems are already collapsed on the north-east side of the building, included many internal constructions such as the church. The serious damage is not only due to repeated seismic events of high magnitude, that systematically run over this zone of Calabria. This article will describe in detail the methodologies and techniques of its making safe, considering the seismic and geol...
punto di vista teorico, che tecnico-pratico, sarà tema focale su cui è incentrata e sviluppata l&... more punto di vista teorico, che tecnico-pratico, sarà tema focale su cui è incentrata e sviluppata l'intera memoria evidenziandone gli aspetti di base inerenti proprio il ruolo meccanico dei singoli elementi costitutivi, la risposta per sollecitazioni fuori dal piano di una parete singola analizzata in termini di legge forza-spostamento e l'influenza di differenti tecniche di consolidamento auspicabili alla luce dell'individuazione di deficienze tecnico-costruttive di base; nonchè lo studio sistematico degli apparecchi murari in area reggina declinati secondo la regola dell'arte muraria locale. Focalizzati questi aspetti, a seguire è stata realizzata una campagna sperimentale in situ, il cui programma ha previsto test statici, del tipo monotono e ciclici, effettuati nel piano e fuori dal piano (test taglio-compressione è illustrato in Lagomarsino et al, 2013). Si espongono di seguito prime note sui dati sperimentalmente ottenuti.
The Amendolea Castle is a building complex placed on Reggio Calabria territory. It was gradually ... more The Amendolea Castle is a building complex placed on Reggio Calabria territory. It was gradually built up close to the homonymous watercourse, on the hill top. The old masonry structures, settled up directly on the rock, are several damages by vertical cracks mostly due to engineering soil disarrangement. Nowadays, the construction is largely characterized by a fault that across all the historical site; therefore the safety and restoration projects were planned both focused to soil and masonry instability. The performed design marked many operative problems related to these difficulties and fixed on masonry straitening strategy. Thought this paper we’d like show the particular retrofitting strategy pointed out and its application issue. In particular, it is referred about the most damaged structure: the “window hall”; it was retrofitted by an innovative material: lead, it was largely applied for construction in the ancient time, now we propose it like component useful for stabilized...
Advanced Materials Research, 2010
... a.vittorio.ceradini@unirc.it, b.ing. ... Figure 4-6: Different stiffenings examples, from the... more ... a.vittorio.ceradini@unirc.it, b.ing. ... Figure 4-6: Different stiffenings examples, from the left to the right: Mausoleum of Theodoric, Ravenna (extradosed); Minerva Medica's temple, Rome,(inside); Bib Mardum' Mosque in Toledo,( intradoses) ...
The assessment of historical masonry mechanical parameters, in particular of the shear strength, ... more The assessment of historical masonry mechanical parameters, in particular of the shear strength, is one of the most critical issues related to historical buildings preservation and safety evaluation in seismic area: this is due to the difficulty in performing reliable tests without making an excessive impact on the structure. Many doubts related to L'Aquila masonry quality, arisen during post-earthquake rehabilitation and reconstruction, might be solved by destructive in-situ tests. To this aim, a masonry building severely damaged by the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake was chosen as able to execute an in-situ shear tests. The building has been selected by considering different aspects, like as: safety of worker; accessibility; representativeness of masonry for typical historical buildings in the Abruzzo region. This paper focuses on the procedures to carry out the experimental campaign, the analysis of results and their comparison with reference ranges proposed in the Italian Code for Structural Design.
Atti del XIV Convegno ANIDIS L' …, 2011
... accordo con le Autorità competenti ed i proprietari dell'immobile oggetto di studio,... more ... accordo con le Autorità competenti ed i proprietari dell'immobile oggetto di studio, è stato proposto un programma di prove ... selezionate sei pannellature murarie, dislocate lungo la facciata principale prospettante Via Pretatti, con simulazione di danneggiamento fuori dal piano ...
Atti del XIV Convegno …, 2011
Regarding old masonry response under seismic actions, destructive testing campaign was planned. I... more Regarding old masonry response under seismic actions, destructive testing campaign was planned. It was directed to rubble masonry, with particularly reference to L’Aquila old masonry type. The 6th April 2009 Earthquake, strongly damaged L’Aquila historical centre; in the hearth of the so-called “red zone”, a corner palace permanent damaged was chosen. The main masonry features are: no ordinary setting, small size of the stones, regular flattens made in bricks, no transversal links and stones contact. These marks are representative of the Italian smallest historical centres and European one. The detection of appropriate strengthening approach is obviously hard; hence, seven panels were selected in order to research and achieve effective strategy of intervention, strictly connected to the above masonry type. Five reinforcement approaches were pointed out; starting from the common injections up to cutting-edge methods like “the reticolatus”, without overlook the tradition techniques. T...
RILEM Bookseries, 2019
The work describes the static and dynamic experimentation carried out on a pavilion vault, recons... more The work describes the static and dynamic experimentation carried out on a pavilion vault, reconstructed in brick masonry with traditional techniques in an old partially collapsed convent. The vault was instrumented by using special bricks in some points, equipped with strain gauges inside them, in order to measure the stress state under static and dynamic conditions. The static tests were carried out through vertical loads at the extrados, uniformly distributed over the entire plan or, asymmetrically, only on a quarter of the vault plan. The dynamic tests were carried out by inducing the vibration to the entire convent through explosive charges, placed at a short distance and calibrated in such a way as to induce an excitation that is as similar as possible to an impulsive earthquake motion of low intensity. The results have shown the good behavior of this structural element under dynamic conditions, even if the level of excitation was rather low. Moreover, a first calibration of t...
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2008
... Alessia Bianco^, Michele Candela^ and Roberta Fontf ... This last has attenuated in terrestri... more ... Alessia Bianco^, Michele Candela^ and Roberta Fontf ... This last has attenuated in terrestrial where the presence of a vegetable coverage or a mantle of deposits it determines one some protection to the underlying rock, nevertheless, rigid winters can produce energetic actions ...
In the paper one focuses on the need of coupling the building site experience with a deep theoret... more In the paper one focuses on the need of coupling the building site experience with a deep theoretical knowledge, which is of primary importance especially when dealing with masonry fabrics, and in particular with constructions with an historical or monumental relevance. The case of the monumental complex of S. Domenico Maggiore in the Campania Region is focused on, by presenting some intervention strategy adopted for increasing the seismic vulnerability of the main Chapter Hall. Key-Words: Masonry constructions, Monumental Heritage, Preservation, Refurbishment, in-situ investigations, Study case.
In this study, seismic precautions in Ottoman Baths related with architectural design and constru... more In this study, seismic precautions in Ottoman Baths related with architectural design and construction detailing is identified according to the methodological approach which was studied in Politecnico Di Milano as a PhD thesis. There are so many questions that arise from the investigation on ancient structures. Butone of the most interesting one is; how old masons design architectural plan and sectional layout support with ancient anti - seismic constructions details? This question is important in order to understand the development of the construction against the seismicity. Three case studies Gazi Mihal Bey Bath 15th century, Suleymanpasa Bath 15th century and Kesan Bath 16th century baths in Turkey were examined. To define the question, those structures of case studies were analyzed with qualitative criteria’s.
the historical centre of this city was strongly damaged by it. In order to research and obtain an... more the historical centre of this city was strongly damaged by it. In order to research and obtain an effective and sustainable strategy of intervention, strictly connected to this masonry typology, a destructive in-situ test campaign for full-scale structural elements was planned. According to the Municipality Authorities, a corner palace permanent damaged was chosen. It is placed along the left side of Saint Peter' Square, beside to the homonym church. The masonry features: no ordinary setting, small size of the stones, regular flatten made in bricks, no transversal section links, made hard the consolidation approach detection. Seven panels were selected, strengthened with different methods, and tested with the final aim to evaluate in-plane and out-of-plane masonry response. This paper will point up panels' out-of-plane answer, data reading and final remarks (in-plane mechanical characterization is illustrate in Candela et al. (2012).
The presented research investigates the problem of assessing the seismic resistance of rubble mas... more The presented research investigates the problem of assessing the seismic resistance of rubble masonry walls to normal lateral forces. Published research on this topic is sparse and reliable data on existing rubble masonry are still lacking. In particular, further studies are required when disconnected rubble walls are rocking out-of-plane with fully cracked sections. This subject was addressed by on-site experimental tests of full-scale elements. The selected case studies are located in Italy, in regions prone to earthquakes, which were
The areas around the Messina' strait are affected by a geological pathology, which produced typic... more The areas around the Messina' strait are affected by a geological pathology, which produced typical pattern of cracks duo to horizontal movement of translation of the ground. This slow creep's phenomenon in the soil is called "soil-fluxion" and generally it can be noticed in clayey soil, which easily absorbs a lot of water. In particular, the historical and monumental buildings placed on this soil and consequently affected by this problem deserve particular emphasis for their safety; therefore the careful examination of the crack distribution on the masonry walls became very important to clearly identify the diagnosis: in this paper some study cases will be point out to clearly explain the matter. The solifluxion phenomenon has no solution but may be possible to propose an innovative strategy of intervention. It consists in "oleo-dynamic" devices employ, they are called shock block transmitters and they can provide different restraint condition according to loading one variation. In addition, in case of earthquake, an important part of the input seismic energy can be dissipated. As a result, masonry wall physically separated by the cracks must be consolidated like elements statically independent each other. Metal tie-rods equipped with "oleo dynamic" devices will supply masonry disconnection; moreover, in case of dynamic condition, such as earthquake ones, each "oleo dynamic" device provides a fully restraint effect.
Advanced Materials Research, 2010
For at least five hundred years, the majestic grange of St. Anne in Montauro (CZ) has been overlo... more For at least five hundred years, the majestic grange of St. Anne in Montauro (CZ) has been overlooking the wonderful gulf of Squillace, placed at the core of Calabrian Ionic Coast. Masonry ramparts size (more than 7 metres high and 1,60 wide at the basis) together with the massive presence of four angular towers immediately hit even an inattentive beholder. Unfortunately, the predominant presence of grange results damaged by a clearly visible crack outline, which turned a great part of surrounding wall into a perpendicular heap of huge masonry portions. They appear disconnected and sheer, so that some panel systems are already collapsed on the north-east side of the building, included many internal constructions such as the church. The serious damage is not only due to repeated seismic events of high magnitude, that systematically run over this zone of Calabria. This article will describe in detail the methodologies and techniques of its making safe, considering the seismic and geol...
punto di vista teorico, che tecnico-pratico, sarà tema focale su cui è incentrata e sviluppata l&... more punto di vista teorico, che tecnico-pratico, sarà tema focale su cui è incentrata e sviluppata l'intera memoria evidenziandone gli aspetti di base inerenti proprio il ruolo meccanico dei singoli elementi costitutivi, la risposta per sollecitazioni fuori dal piano di una parete singola analizzata in termini di legge forza-spostamento e l'influenza di differenti tecniche di consolidamento auspicabili alla luce dell'individuazione di deficienze tecnico-costruttive di base; nonchè lo studio sistematico degli apparecchi murari in area reggina declinati secondo la regola dell'arte muraria locale. Focalizzati questi aspetti, a seguire è stata realizzata una campagna sperimentale in situ, il cui programma ha previsto test statici, del tipo monotono e ciclici, effettuati nel piano e fuori dal piano (test taglio-compressione è illustrato in Lagomarsino et al, 2013). Si espongono di seguito prime note sui dati sperimentalmente ottenuti.
The Amendolea Castle is a building complex placed on Reggio Calabria territory. It was gradually ... more The Amendolea Castle is a building complex placed on Reggio Calabria territory. It was gradually built up close to the homonymous watercourse, on the hill top. The old masonry structures, settled up directly on the rock, are several damages by vertical cracks mostly due to engineering soil disarrangement. Nowadays, the construction is largely characterized by a fault that across all the historical site; therefore the safety and restoration projects were planned both focused to soil and masonry instability. The performed design marked many operative problems related to these difficulties and fixed on masonry straitening strategy. Thought this paper we’d like show the particular retrofitting strategy pointed out and its application issue. In particular, it is referred about the most damaged structure: the “window hall”; it was retrofitted by an innovative material: lead, it was largely applied for construction in the ancient time, now we propose it like component useful for stabilized...
Advanced Materials Research, 2010
... a.vittorio.ceradini@unirc.it, b.ing. ... Figure 4-6: Different stiffenings examples, from the... more ... a.vittorio.ceradini@unirc.it, b.ing. ... Figure 4-6: Different stiffenings examples, from the left to the right: Mausoleum of Theodoric, Ravenna (extradosed); Minerva Medica's temple, Rome,(inside); Bib Mardum' Mosque in Toledo,( intradoses) ...
The assessment of historical masonry mechanical parameters, in particular of the shear strength, ... more The assessment of historical masonry mechanical parameters, in particular of the shear strength, is one of the most critical issues related to historical buildings preservation and safety evaluation in seismic area: this is due to the difficulty in performing reliable tests without making an excessive impact on the structure. Many doubts related to L'Aquila masonry quality, arisen during post-earthquake rehabilitation and reconstruction, might be solved by destructive in-situ tests. To this aim, a masonry building severely damaged by the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake was chosen as able to execute an in-situ shear tests. The building has been selected by considering different aspects, like as: safety of worker; accessibility; representativeness of masonry for typical historical buildings in the Abruzzo region. This paper focuses on the procedures to carry out the experimental campaign, the analysis of results and their comparison with reference ranges proposed in the Italian Code for Structural Design.
Atti del XIV Convegno ANIDIS L' …, 2011
... accordo con le Autorità competenti ed i proprietari dell'immobile oggetto di studio,... more ... accordo con le Autorità competenti ed i proprietari dell'immobile oggetto di studio, è stato proposto un programma di prove ... selezionate sei pannellature murarie, dislocate lungo la facciata principale prospettante Via Pretatti, con simulazione di danneggiamento fuori dal piano ...
Atti del XIV Convegno …, 2011
Regarding old masonry response under seismic actions, destructive testing campaign was planned. I... more Regarding old masonry response under seismic actions, destructive testing campaign was planned. It was directed to rubble masonry, with particularly reference to L’Aquila old masonry type. The 6th April 2009 Earthquake, strongly damaged L’Aquila historical centre; in the hearth of the so-called “red zone”, a corner palace permanent damaged was chosen. The main masonry features are: no ordinary setting, small size of the stones, regular flattens made in bricks, no transversal links and stones contact. These marks are representative of the Italian smallest historical centres and European one. The detection of appropriate strengthening approach is obviously hard; hence, seven panels were selected in order to research and achieve effective strategy of intervention, strictly connected to the above masonry type. Five reinforcement approaches were pointed out; starting from the common injections up to cutting-edge methods like “the reticolatus”, without overlook the tradition techniques. T...