Michele RIOUX - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Michele RIOUX
Interventions économiques, 2021
Canada and International Affairs, 2021
Politics and Governance
In the last 75 years of international economic cooperation, we have witnessed tremendous changes.... more In the last 75 years of international economic cooperation, we have witnessed tremendous changes. The global trade and investment regime is under pressure and undergoing a significant transformation. Supply chains are being restructured, new trade blocks are forming based on strategic and political considerations, support for trade among citizens is weak and inconsistent, and populist opposition to the global economic and political order is ascendant. In this time of uncertainty about the future of the world order, the articles for this thematic issue address how and if the global trade and investment regime can be re-embedded into society.
Canada and International Affairs, 2021
The European Union (EU) developed a very ambitious supranational law dealing with state and priva... more The European Union (EU) developed a very ambitious supranational law dealing with state and private conducts. This is a unique and quite elaborate scheme of cooperation and integration at the regional level. In North America, by contrast, the regional integration model is decentralized and based on national laws (Fora 2014). The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) does not fundamentally change this model, but it certainly integrates several new cooperation initiatives that emerged in the field of competition with the entry into force and the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (Bradford and Büthe 2015). North America adopted a decentralization model rather
The North American Free Trade Agreement, (NAFTA) aims to create a unified North American market. ... more The North American Free Trade Agreement, (NAFTA) aims to create a unified North American market. Whether or not such a project is to be beneficial to the participating countriesand to the world economy as a wholeis a controversial issue. Much of the present debate surrounding NAFTA focuses on the uncertainty of NAFTA's viability, appropriateness, and benefits.f Is NAFTA part of a general process of trade liberalization or conducive to the construction of an economic bloc which, as Bergstensuggested, could provoke economic rivalry between the great powers?6 In the economic literature as well as within the international community, there has always been some unease surrounding regional economic agreements." Agreements like NAFTA, represent important departures from the mostfavoured-nation and non-discrimination principles; they are potentially detrimental to third countries through their discriminatory effects;8 they introduce additional elements of administered trade and prot...
The digital revolution has fundamentally altered the way in which cultural goods and services are... more The digital revolution has fundamentally altered the way in which cultural goods and services are produced, distributed and accessed. Indeed, the accelerated expansion of social networks and user generated content (UGC), the explosion of data created by cloud computing and the proliferation of connected multimedia devices – smartphones, tablets, phablets, e-readers – in the hands of the users have had a huge impact on the cultural scene, in both the global North and South. Technological changes have led to the emergence of new players and new logics.
Interventions économiques, 2014
Interventions économiques, 2012
The book originated from a request by Charles Taylor, of the joint department of economics and po... more The book originated from a request by Charles Taylor, of the joint department of economics and political science at McGill to write a background paper on the issue of foreign ownership for the recently created NDP. Another colleague at the joint department at McGill and active NDP supporter was Michael Oliver, who was concerned about the impact of foreign direct investments by multinational corporations on the Canadian economy in the 1960s. He later became prominent in the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. The last time I saw him before his death was at the People's Summit of the Americas in Quebec City in April 2001. The issue was whether foreign investment was beneficial to Canada. Prominent NDP economists argued that foreign investment would increase the size of the cake, and government could decide its distribution. I distinguished between portfolio and foreign direct investment and explained that the latter implied control over Canada's industrial development by US multinational corporations. The argument of the book took shape as I elaborated my position. Eventually, I was invited to a weekend retreat with the national executive of the NDP in Winnipeg under the leadership of David Lewis, whom I much respected. Out of this emerged the latest version of an article. Colleagues in the West Indies had a journal called New World Quarterly, prepared on a voluntary basis by supporters in Jamaica, Trinidad, Puerto Rico, and Montreal. Lloyd Best, a colleague from Trinidad, said "this is wonderful, we are going to publish your article in the New World Quaterly." I said: "Really?" And he said: "Yes, really." So, it was published as Economic Dependence and Political Disintegration, the case of Canada. What happened then was rather amazing because this obscure Caribbean journal began to circulate in Canada. Cy Gonick, editor of a left-wing journal, CanadianDimension, put it between two covers and launched it as a special publication with wide circulation particularly in student circles. Then came requests for formal publication. With help from NDP researchers, I expanded the original article, and together with my son Tom we came up with the more appealing title: Silent Surrender: Multinational Corporations in Canada. I approached the Macmillan where a helpful and supportive editor was ultimately responsible for the fate of the proposed book. It was sent to a reader, an economist, who rejected the manuscript as "unprofessional and unacceptable." But the editor who had worked on the manuscript had got to like it and believed that it should be published. She asked me if I could suggest another reader. Without hesitation I proposed Mel Watkins. And, as they say, the rest is history. Mel not only was very enthusiastic, but he also offered to write the introduction, which he did. That's the story of that book. It was reprinted many times and sold 40,000 copies, and even earned an unexpected and considerable sum in royalties. It was translated into French as La Capitulation tranquille, with an introduction by Jacques Parizeau, who was then a professor at the HEC.
Revue québécoise de droit international, 2016
La Convention sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles (CDEC... more La Convention sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles (CDEC) de l’Organisation des Nations unies pour l’éducation, la science et la culture (UNESCO) fait face à d’importants enjeux et défis posés par l’environnement numérique qui a beaucoup évolué une décennie après l’adoption de cet instrument juridique international. Ce texte analyse comment les parties à la Convention se sont mobilisées au cours des dernières années autour de la question de l’impact du numérique sur l’application de la CDEC. Il met particulièrement en lumière la stratégie de sensibilisation et le plaidoyer mené par la France, le Québec et le Canada tant sur la scène internationale (notamment à l’UNESCO) qu’aux niveaux nationaux et locaux, pour une meilleure adaptation des politiques et mesures visant la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles à l’ère du numérique. Notre analyse conclut sur les apports potentiels de l’adoption d’une directive opé...
Interventions économiques, 2014
Interventions économiques, 2020
Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 25 mars 2020. Les contenus de la revue Interventions ... more Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 25 mars 2020. Les contenus de la revue Interventions économiques sont mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
Open Journal of Political Science, 2020
Can trade agreements integrate innovations and progressive dispositions? In this era of fast chan... more Can trade agreements integrate innovations and progressive dispositions? In this era of fast changes linked to globalization and technological changes which fuel discontent, this question has emerged in the literature and in the negotiation processes of many recent agreements. In the first section of this article, we will introduce the structural changes that are beneath the surface of recent trade agreements using a typology of trade agreements enabling comparative analysis. In the second section, we will discuss some of the most important innovations of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) negotiated by Canada and the European Union. In the third section, we will see that part of the innovative nature of CETA, its evolutionary nature, brings many unsettled trajectories. In the fourth section, we will discuss how CETA is further unsettled in its trajectory because it puts into relation two distinctive integration models highlighted in our typology, one developed in Europe and the other in North America and, furthermore, because of the more general context that also puts into play Asia and China as emerging shapers of economic trade agreements.
Interventions économiques, 2016
Stratégies des entreprises chinoises dans le domaine des TIC en Asie du Sud-E...
Studies in Political Economy, 1993
Incomplete mergers (regimes of preferential duties in contradistinction to free customs unions) a... more Incomplete mergers (regimes of preferential duties in contradistinction to free customs unions) are decidedly undesirable, both from a selfish economic point of view of the countries concerned and because they contain a serious threat of discrimination.
Bringing together, in a common and single space, a continent characterized by such diversity and ... more Bringing together, in a common and single space, a continent characterized by such diversity and extraordinary asymmetries, is not an easy task. The Americas are still composed of different spaces, countries, cultures and societies not yet sharing a common sense of destiny. But if there is no single "America", a new regionalism has emerged and represents a roadmap to a new governance framework implying the deepening of liberal economic and institutional reforms. Resistance and obstacles remain numerous and perhaps the biggest challenge is to address the complex issues related to North-South integration within the hemisphere and the hegemonic position of the United States. If the process of "Building the Americas" can be depicted as an attempt to define governance in an era of market-led integration, the paradox is that its eventual success depends on its capacity to transcend the immediate commercial and trade orientations and create a true Community of Democraci...
Dans la première partie, nous présenterons les positions respectives des défenseurs de la coopéra... more Dans la première partie, nous présenterons les positions respectives des défenseurs de la coopération et de la concurrence fiscale. La seconde partie portera sur les formes multiples que prend la coopération internationale dans le domaine de la fiscalité. Nous identifierons trois niveaux de coopération, en fonction du degré d’autorité qu’acceptent de déléguer les acteurs, soit : le niveau global, le niveau multilatéral et le niveau bilatéral. Nous verrons que, des trois niveaux, c’est le second, le multilatéralisme, qui apparaît comme le niveau le plus « raisonnable » dans le sens où il permet de protéger l’autonomie fiscale tout en contenant les dérives et les excès. La troisième partie, enfin, portera sur le triangle impossible de la coopération. Inspiré du triangle monétaire de Mundel, le triangle a quelque chose de diabolique en ce sens qu’il oblige les gouvernements à arbitrer et à ne retenir que deux options sur trois. Nous reprendrons les trois modèles pertinents de multilaté...
Interventions économiques, 2021
Canada and International Affairs, 2021
Politics and Governance
In the last 75 years of international economic cooperation, we have witnessed tremendous changes.... more In the last 75 years of international economic cooperation, we have witnessed tremendous changes. The global trade and investment regime is under pressure and undergoing a significant transformation. Supply chains are being restructured, new trade blocks are forming based on strategic and political considerations, support for trade among citizens is weak and inconsistent, and populist opposition to the global economic and political order is ascendant. In this time of uncertainty about the future of the world order, the articles for this thematic issue address how and if the global trade and investment regime can be re-embedded into society.
Canada and International Affairs, 2021
The European Union (EU) developed a very ambitious supranational law dealing with state and priva... more The European Union (EU) developed a very ambitious supranational law dealing with state and private conducts. This is a unique and quite elaborate scheme of cooperation and integration at the regional level. In North America, by contrast, the regional integration model is decentralized and based on national laws (Fora 2014). The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) does not fundamentally change this model, but it certainly integrates several new cooperation initiatives that emerged in the field of competition with the entry into force and the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (Bradford and Büthe 2015). North America adopted a decentralization model rather
The North American Free Trade Agreement, (NAFTA) aims to create a unified North American market. ... more The North American Free Trade Agreement, (NAFTA) aims to create a unified North American market. Whether or not such a project is to be beneficial to the participating countriesand to the world economy as a wholeis a controversial issue. Much of the present debate surrounding NAFTA focuses on the uncertainty of NAFTA's viability, appropriateness, and benefits.f Is NAFTA part of a general process of trade liberalization or conducive to the construction of an economic bloc which, as Bergstensuggested, could provoke economic rivalry between the great powers?6 In the economic literature as well as within the international community, there has always been some unease surrounding regional economic agreements." Agreements like NAFTA, represent important departures from the mostfavoured-nation and non-discrimination principles; they are potentially detrimental to third countries through their discriminatory effects;8 they introduce additional elements of administered trade and prot...
The digital revolution has fundamentally altered the way in which cultural goods and services are... more The digital revolution has fundamentally altered the way in which cultural goods and services are produced, distributed and accessed. Indeed, the accelerated expansion of social networks and user generated content (UGC), the explosion of data created by cloud computing and the proliferation of connected multimedia devices – smartphones, tablets, phablets, e-readers – in the hands of the users have had a huge impact on the cultural scene, in both the global North and South. Technological changes have led to the emergence of new players and new logics.
Interventions économiques, 2014
Interventions économiques, 2012
The book originated from a request by Charles Taylor, of the joint department of economics and po... more The book originated from a request by Charles Taylor, of the joint department of economics and political science at McGill to write a background paper on the issue of foreign ownership for the recently created NDP. Another colleague at the joint department at McGill and active NDP supporter was Michael Oliver, who was concerned about the impact of foreign direct investments by multinational corporations on the Canadian economy in the 1960s. He later became prominent in the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. The last time I saw him before his death was at the People's Summit of the Americas in Quebec City in April 2001. The issue was whether foreign investment was beneficial to Canada. Prominent NDP economists argued that foreign investment would increase the size of the cake, and government could decide its distribution. I distinguished between portfolio and foreign direct investment and explained that the latter implied control over Canada's industrial development by US multinational corporations. The argument of the book took shape as I elaborated my position. Eventually, I was invited to a weekend retreat with the national executive of the NDP in Winnipeg under the leadership of David Lewis, whom I much respected. Out of this emerged the latest version of an article. Colleagues in the West Indies had a journal called New World Quarterly, prepared on a voluntary basis by supporters in Jamaica, Trinidad, Puerto Rico, and Montreal. Lloyd Best, a colleague from Trinidad, said "this is wonderful, we are going to publish your article in the New World Quaterly." I said: "Really?" And he said: "Yes, really." So, it was published as Economic Dependence and Political Disintegration, the case of Canada. What happened then was rather amazing because this obscure Caribbean journal began to circulate in Canada. Cy Gonick, editor of a left-wing journal, CanadianDimension, put it between two covers and launched it as a special publication with wide circulation particularly in student circles. Then came requests for formal publication. With help from NDP researchers, I expanded the original article, and together with my son Tom we came up with the more appealing title: Silent Surrender: Multinational Corporations in Canada. I approached the Macmillan where a helpful and supportive editor was ultimately responsible for the fate of the proposed book. It was sent to a reader, an economist, who rejected the manuscript as "unprofessional and unacceptable." But the editor who had worked on the manuscript had got to like it and believed that it should be published. She asked me if I could suggest another reader. Without hesitation I proposed Mel Watkins. And, as they say, the rest is history. Mel not only was very enthusiastic, but he also offered to write the introduction, which he did. That's the story of that book. It was reprinted many times and sold 40,000 copies, and even earned an unexpected and considerable sum in royalties. It was translated into French as La Capitulation tranquille, with an introduction by Jacques Parizeau, who was then a professor at the HEC.
Revue québécoise de droit international, 2016
La Convention sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles (CDEC... more La Convention sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles (CDEC) de l’Organisation des Nations unies pour l’éducation, la science et la culture (UNESCO) fait face à d’importants enjeux et défis posés par l’environnement numérique qui a beaucoup évolué une décennie après l’adoption de cet instrument juridique international. Ce texte analyse comment les parties à la Convention se sont mobilisées au cours des dernières années autour de la question de l’impact du numérique sur l’application de la CDEC. Il met particulièrement en lumière la stratégie de sensibilisation et le plaidoyer mené par la France, le Québec et le Canada tant sur la scène internationale (notamment à l’UNESCO) qu’aux niveaux nationaux et locaux, pour une meilleure adaptation des politiques et mesures visant la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles à l’ère du numérique. Notre analyse conclut sur les apports potentiels de l’adoption d’une directive opé...
Interventions économiques, 2014
Interventions économiques, 2020
Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 25 mars 2020. Les contenus de la revue Interventions ... more Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 25 mars 2020. Les contenus de la revue Interventions économiques sont mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
Open Journal of Political Science, 2020
Can trade agreements integrate innovations and progressive dispositions? In this era of fast chan... more Can trade agreements integrate innovations and progressive dispositions? In this era of fast changes linked to globalization and technological changes which fuel discontent, this question has emerged in the literature and in the negotiation processes of many recent agreements. In the first section of this article, we will introduce the structural changes that are beneath the surface of recent trade agreements using a typology of trade agreements enabling comparative analysis. In the second section, we will discuss some of the most important innovations of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) negotiated by Canada and the European Union. In the third section, we will see that part of the innovative nature of CETA, its evolutionary nature, brings many unsettled trajectories. In the fourth section, we will discuss how CETA is further unsettled in its trajectory because it puts into relation two distinctive integration models highlighted in our typology, one developed in Europe and the other in North America and, furthermore, because of the more general context that also puts into play Asia and China as emerging shapers of economic trade agreements.
Interventions économiques, 2016
Stratégies des entreprises chinoises dans le domaine des TIC en Asie du Sud-E...
Studies in Political Economy, 1993
Incomplete mergers (regimes of preferential duties in contradistinction to free customs unions) a... more Incomplete mergers (regimes of preferential duties in contradistinction to free customs unions) are decidedly undesirable, both from a selfish economic point of view of the countries concerned and because they contain a serious threat of discrimination.
Bringing together, in a common and single space, a continent characterized by such diversity and ... more Bringing together, in a common and single space, a continent characterized by such diversity and extraordinary asymmetries, is not an easy task. The Americas are still composed of different spaces, countries, cultures and societies not yet sharing a common sense of destiny. But if there is no single "America", a new regionalism has emerged and represents a roadmap to a new governance framework implying the deepening of liberal economic and institutional reforms. Resistance and obstacles remain numerous and perhaps the biggest challenge is to address the complex issues related to North-South integration within the hemisphere and the hegemonic position of the United States. If the process of "Building the Americas" can be depicted as an attempt to define governance in an era of market-led integration, the paradox is that its eventual success depends on its capacity to transcend the immediate commercial and trade orientations and create a true Community of Democraci...
Dans la première partie, nous présenterons les positions respectives des défenseurs de la coopéra... more Dans la première partie, nous présenterons les positions respectives des défenseurs de la coopération et de la concurrence fiscale. La seconde partie portera sur les formes multiples que prend la coopération internationale dans le domaine de la fiscalité. Nous identifierons trois niveaux de coopération, en fonction du degré d’autorité qu’acceptent de déléguer les acteurs, soit : le niveau global, le niveau multilatéral et le niveau bilatéral. Nous verrons que, des trois niveaux, c’est le second, le multilatéralisme, qui apparaît comme le niveau le plus « raisonnable » dans le sens où il permet de protéger l’autonomie fiscale tout en contenant les dérives et les excès. La troisième partie, enfin, portera sur le triangle impossible de la coopération. Inspiré du triangle monétaire de Mundel, le triangle a quelque chose de diabolique en ce sens qu’il oblige les gouvernements à arbitrer et à ne retenir que deux options sur trois. Nous reprendrons les trois modèles pertinents de multilaté...