Mika Nieminen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Mika Nieminen
Recommender systems are intelligent applications build to predict the rating or preference that a... more Recommender systems are intelligent applications build to predict the rating or preference that a user would give to an item. One of the fundamental recommendation methods in the content-based method that predict ratings by exploiting attributes about the users and items such as users' profile and textual content of items. A current issue faces by recommender systems based on this method is that the systems seem to recommend too similar items to what users have known. Thus, creating over-specialisation issues, in which a self-referential loop is created that leaves user in their own circle of finding and never get expose to new items. In order for these systems to be of significance used, it is important that not only relevant items been recommender, but the items must be also interesting and serendipitous. Having a serendipitous recommendation let users explore new items that they least expect. This has resulted in the issues of serendipity in recommender systems. However, it is difficult to define serendipity because in recommender system, there is no consensus definition for this term. Most of researchers define serendipity based on their research purposes. From the reviews, majority shows that unexpected as the important aspect in defining serendipity. Thus, in this paper, we aim to formally define the concept of serendipity in recommender systems based on the literature work done. We also reviewed few approaches that apply serendipity in the content-based methods in recommendation. Techniques that used Linked Open Data (LOD) approaches seems to be a good candidate to find relevant, unexpected and novel item in a large dataset.
Culture and Computing, 2020
Population ageing is creating challenges for societies to seek innovative ways and technologies t... more Population ageing is creating challenges for societies to seek innovative ways and technologies to support home care. Amid fast-developing emerging technologies, there is a need for ways to ensure that technical solutions and services really serve the good of the individual and society, and thus promote the good life. In this paper, a practical ecosystem based design and assessment framework for ethically acceptable services for the silver economy is introduced. The framework is based on life-based design (LBD), a holistic design approach that stresses understanding about people’s life as the basis of the creation of design concepts, and on the idea of service and business ecosystems as a source of multi-dimensional value creation. We connect the ethical thinking and social responsibility aspects at the core of the ecosystem concept and analyse the dynamics of home care service ecosystems from the perspective of ethics and the good life. We suggest an iterative co-design process starting with identification of change needs in service production, followed by value mapping of services, and systematic analysis of the ethical issues related to the chosen services.
Foresight, 2016
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss possible future pathways of the Finni... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss possible future pathways of the Finnish science, technology and innovation (STI) system. The paper sketches three speculative pathways for the Finnish STI system. Design/methodology/approach Theoretical considerations behind the pathways are based on analyses of the determinants and behaviour of small open economies, their innovation systems and governance. The empirical background of the paper is in the current trends of the Finnish economy and STI system. The analysis of pathways is based on three dimensions: institutionalized policy environment and economy, domestic interest groups and policy and STI institutions and funding. Changes in these dimensions are analysed by paying special attention to two variables: the position of the nation state and the general economic development. Findings The first future pathway outlined is based on an optimistic view by setting Finland on the basis of past success factors as an Europe...
Frontiers in Computer Science
The increasingly pervasive role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our societies is radically cha... more The increasingly pervasive role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our societies is radically changing the way that social interaction takes place within all fields of knowledge. The obvious opportunities in terms of accuracy, speed and originality of research are accompanied by questions about the possible risks and the consequent responsibilities involved in such a disruptive technology. In recent years, this twofold aspect has led to an increase in analyses of the ethical and political implications of AI. As a result, there has been a proliferation of documents that seek to define the strategic objectives of AI together with the ethical precautions required for its acceptable development and deployment. Although the number of documents is certainly significant, doubts remain as to whether they can effectively play a role in safeguarding democratic decision-making processes. Indeed, a common feature of the national strategies and ethical guidelines published in recent years is tha...
This policy brief is based upon the Deliverable 1.1 Stocktaking Report of the Co-Change project t... more This policy brief is based upon the Deliverable 1.1 Stocktaking Report of the Co-Change project that provides a state-of-the-art review and a synthesis of relevant RRI project results, scholarly papers and expert deliberation that focus on RRI implementation as institutional and organisational change. This policy brief summarizes the main results of the stocktaking synthesis: the identification of two major drivers that facilitate the adoption of RRI, the five pillars of RRI as organizational change, and two windows of opportunity for implementing RRI at the institutional level. Finally, it provides policy recommendations on fostering organizational change towards RRI.
Science & Technology Studies, 1998
Translational Systems Sciences, 2020
Traditional linear evaluation approaches are not able to address the dynamic interrelationships a... more Traditional linear evaluation approaches are not able to address the dynamic interrelationships and feedback mechanisms involved in the increasingly complex social environment. To meet the challenges of complexity, new evaluation approaches are required. This chapter contributes to this discussion by suggesting a new integrative evaluation approach which combines foresight, multi-criteria evaluation and system dynamic modelling into the evaluation process. The developed methodology is applied in the evaluation of the Finnish Innovation Fund, Sitra.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are expected to have numerous and diverse social implic... more Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are expected to have numerous and diverse social implications that cut deep into our society. Due to AI’s specific nature as emergent and constantly evolving generic technology, we need new approaches, methodologies, and processes to govern and steer the utilization of AI technologies both in the public and private sectors. This is both a multilevel and multi-dimensional governance challenge. First, there has to be a shared and coordinated understanding across various social and administrational sectors on how AI is implemented and regulated. Second, good coordination between different levels of governance is crucial. Third, there is a challenge to find a balance between soft and hard governance mechanisms in varying implementation and organizational contexts. This paper presents an overview of a new Strategic Research Council funded project project entitled “Ethical AI for the Governance of the Society” (ETAIROS). The project focuses on stu...
Eräitä kirjassa esiintyviä keskeisiä käsitteitä Resilienssi: Organisaation kykyä sopeuttaa ja muu... more Eräitä kirjassa esiintyviä keskeisiä käsitteitä Resilienssi: Organisaation kykyä sopeuttaa ja muuttaa toimintaansa jatkuvasti muuttuvassa toimintaympäristössä sekä muutosta ennakoiden että siihen reagoiden. Resilienssi voi seurata myös tekemisen tavoista ja toimenpiteistä joita ei ole tietoisesti tarkoitettu lisäämään resilienssiä. Organisaation resilienssi on näiden tarkoitettujen ja tarkoittamattomien muutos-ja sopeutumiskykyä lisäävien toimintojen monimutkaisen vuorovaikutuksen tulosta. Systeemisyys: Tapa nähdä organisaatiot avoimina jatkuvassa sisäisessä ja ulkoisessa vuorovaikutuksessa "kehkeytyvinä" monimutkaisina järjestelminä. Järjestelmässä on useita erilaisia toimijoita ja toimintoja, joiden vuorovaikutus on luonteeltaan monitasoista ja-suuntaista. Vuorovaikutuksen tuotoksia on vaikea ennakoida, koska useat tekijät liittyvät toisiinsa epälineaarisesti. Kehkeytyminen: Vuorovaikutusprosessia voidaan kuvata kehkeytymisenä (emergenssi). Tällä tarkoitetaan sitä, että alemman tason prosesseista ei voi suoraan päätellä mikä on ylemmän tason lopputulos monimutkaisesta vuorovaikutuksesta johtuen. Itseorganisoituminen: Toimijat tuottavat vuorovaikutuksessa toistensa kanssa oppien jatkuvasti uusia toimintaansa koskevia sääntöjä ja innovaatioita (organisoituminen) ja muokkaavat vanhoja. Kukaan ei johda organisoitumista. Kompleksisuus Toiminnan tai kehityksen etenemistä ei ole mahdollista ennakoida tai kuvata. Eri asia kuin monimutkaisuus. Human Systems Dynamics (HSD): Kompleksisuusajatteluun perustuva käytännöllinen lähestymistapa organisaatioissa kehkeytyvien käyttäytymiskaavojen havainnointia ja ohjailua varten. Adaptiivinen toiminta: HSD-lähestymistapaan liittyvä mukautuvan toiminnan malli, jossa toistetaan tiedon keruun, analyysin ja niihin perustuvan tekemisen vaiheista muodostuvaa sykliä. CDE-malli: HSD-lähestymistapaan perustuva malli, jonka mukaan systeemin itseorganisoitumista ohjaavat systeemiä koossapitävät samankaltaisuudet tai säiliöt (containers, C), merkittävät erot (differences, D) ja vuorovaikutuset (exchanges, E).
Research Papers in Economics, 2014
The purpose of this paper is to study the challenge of the evaluation in the context of the servi... more The purpose of this paper is to study the challenge of the evaluation in the context of the services in the sector of environment and energy. Because of the specific nature of service innovation the traditional evaluation meth-ods and measures are not able to capture neither the diversity of the inno-vations nor the multifaceted dimensions of performance. This paper aims to contribute to the need for a more diverse evaluation approach. We study the use of multi-criteria and system dynamic perspectives in the evaluation of services, and we develop a new type of methodology to evaluate their dynamics and multifaceted performance.
Background : Short implants are considered to be the simpler and more effective alternative to co... more Background : Short implants are considered to be the simpler and more effective alternative to complicated bone graft surgery in clinical situations with reduced alveolar bone height. But, a considerable number of clinicians still hesitate to use short implants questioning about their prognoses mainly due to the reduced contact area between the bone and implant and unfavorable crown to implant ratio compared to longer implants. Aim/Hypothesis : The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of short implants supporting fixed prostheses in posterior regions. Material and Methods : A retrospective study design was adopted. 69 short implants(intra-bony length ≤ 8 mm) supporting fixed prostheses in posterior regions of 56 patients were included. The implant success rate and periimplant marginal bone loss were evaluated. The effects of associated factors on the implant performance were analyzed. Results : A total of 3 implants failed. 2 implants were lost before loading and 1 implant was lost at 7 months after loading. The mean follow-up was 30.1 months(SD = 11.8 months). Success rate was 95.7% and 94.6% for the implant and patient-based analysis respectively. The average marginal bone loss after 1 year of follow-up was 0.02 ± 0.16 mm at mesial and 0.03 ± 0.14 mm at distal aspect, and it was 0.03 ± 0.16 mm at mesial and 0.04 ± 0.16 mm at distal aspect for subsequent evaluations. No relationship was observed between the studied variables and the marginal bone loss. Conclusion and Clinical Implications : High survival rates for short implants in posterior regions could be achieved with minimal marginal bone loss in this study. Within the limits of the short term follow-up, a short implant (≤8 mm) may be considered as a predictable treatment modality for posterior region with reduced bone height.
Recommender systems are intelligent applications build to predict the rating or preference that a... more Recommender systems are intelligent applications build to predict the rating or preference that a user would give to an item. One of the fundamental recommendation methods in the content-based method that predict ratings by exploiting attributes about the users and items such as users' profile and textual content of items. A current issue faces by recommender systems based on this method is that the systems seem to recommend too similar items to what users have known. Thus, creating over-specialisation issues, in which a self-referential loop is created that leaves user in their own circle of finding and never get expose to new items. In order for these systems to be of significance used, it is important that not only relevant items been recommender, but the items must be also interesting and serendipitous. Having a serendipitous recommendation let users explore new items that they least expect. This has resulted in the issues of serendipity in recommender systems. However, it is difficult to define serendipity because in recommender system, there is no consensus definition for this term. Most of researchers define serendipity based on their research purposes. From the reviews, majority shows that unexpected as the important aspect in defining serendipity. Thus, in this paper, we aim to formally define the concept of serendipity in recommender systems based on the literature work done. We also reviewed few approaches that apply serendipity in the content-based methods in recommendation. Techniques that used Linked Open Data (LOD) approaches seems to be a good candidate to find relevant, unexpected and novel item in a large dataset.
Culture and Computing, 2020
Population ageing is creating challenges for societies to seek innovative ways and technologies t... more Population ageing is creating challenges for societies to seek innovative ways and technologies to support home care. Amid fast-developing emerging technologies, there is a need for ways to ensure that technical solutions and services really serve the good of the individual and society, and thus promote the good life. In this paper, a practical ecosystem based design and assessment framework for ethically acceptable services for the silver economy is introduced. The framework is based on life-based design (LBD), a holistic design approach that stresses understanding about people’s life as the basis of the creation of design concepts, and on the idea of service and business ecosystems as a source of multi-dimensional value creation. We connect the ethical thinking and social responsibility aspects at the core of the ecosystem concept and analyse the dynamics of home care service ecosystems from the perspective of ethics and the good life. We suggest an iterative co-design process starting with identification of change needs in service production, followed by value mapping of services, and systematic analysis of the ethical issues related to the chosen services.
Foresight, 2016
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss possible future pathways of the Finni... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss possible future pathways of the Finnish science, technology and innovation (STI) system. The paper sketches three speculative pathways for the Finnish STI system. Design/methodology/approach Theoretical considerations behind the pathways are based on analyses of the determinants and behaviour of small open economies, their innovation systems and governance. The empirical background of the paper is in the current trends of the Finnish economy and STI system. The analysis of pathways is based on three dimensions: institutionalized policy environment and economy, domestic interest groups and policy and STI institutions and funding. Changes in these dimensions are analysed by paying special attention to two variables: the position of the nation state and the general economic development. Findings The first future pathway outlined is based on an optimistic view by setting Finland on the basis of past success factors as an Europe...
Frontiers in Computer Science
The increasingly pervasive role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our societies is radically cha... more The increasingly pervasive role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our societies is radically changing the way that social interaction takes place within all fields of knowledge. The obvious opportunities in terms of accuracy, speed and originality of research are accompanied by questions about the possible risks and the consequent responsibilities involved in such a disruptive technology. In recent years, this twofold aspect has led to an increase in analyses of the ethical and political implications of AI. As a result, there has been a proliferation of documents that seek to define the strategic objectives of AI together with the ethical precautions required for its acceptable development and deployment. Although the number of documents is certainly significant, doubts remain as to whether they can effectively play a role in safeguarding democratic decision-making processes. Indeed, a common feature of the national strategies and ethical guidelines published in recent years is tha...
This policy brief is based upon the Deliverable 1.1 Stocktaking Report of the Co-Change project t... more This policy brief is based upon the Deliverable 1.1 Stocktaking Report of the Co-Change project that provides a state-of-the-art review and a synthesis of relevant RRI project results, scholarly papers and expert deliberation that focus on RRI implementation as institutional and organisational change. This policy brief summarizes the main results of the stocktaking synthesis: the identification of two major drivers that facilitate the adoption of RRI, the five pillars of RRI as organizational change, and two windows of opportunity for implementing RRI at the institutional level. Finally, it provides policy recommendations on fostering organizational change towards RRI.
Science & Technology Studies, 1998
Translational Systems Sciences, 2020
Traditional linear evaluation approaches are not able to address the dynamic interrelationships a... more Traditional linear evaluation approaches are not able to address the dynamic interrelationships and feedback mechanisms involved in the increasingly complex social environment. To meet the challenges of complexity, new evaluation approaches are required. This chapter contributes to this discussion by suggesting a new integrative evaluation approach which combines foresight, multi-criteria evaluation and system dynamic modelling into the evaluation process. The developed methodology is applied in the evaluation of the Finnish Innovation Fund, Sitra.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are expected to have numerous and diverse social implic... more Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are expected to have numerous and diverse social implications that cut deep into our society. Due to AI’s specific nature as emergent and constantly evolving generic technology, we need new approaches, methodologies, and processes to govern and steer the utilization of AI technologies both in the public and private sectors. This is both a multilevel and multi-dimensional governance challenge. First, there has to be a shared and coordinated understanding across various social and administrational sectors on how AI is implemented and regulated. Second, good coordination between different levels of governance is crucial. Third, there is a challenge to find a balance between soft and hard governance mechanisms in varying implementation and organizational contexts. This paper presents an overview of a new Strategic Research Council funded project project entitled “Ethical AI for the Governance of the Society” (ETAIROS). The project focuses on stu...
Eräitä kirjassa esiintyviä keskeisiä käsitteitä Resilienssi: Organisaation kykyä sopeuttaa ja muu... more Eräitä kirjassa esiintyviä keskeisiä käsitteitä Resilienssi: Organisaation kykyä sopeuttaa ja muuttaa toimintaansa jatkuvasti muuttuvassa toimintaympäristössä sekä muutosta ennakoiden että siihen reagoiden. Resilienssi voi seurata myös tekemisen tavoista ja toimenpiteistä joita ei ole tietoisesti tarkoitettu lisäämään resilienssiä. Organisaation resilienssi on näiden tarkoitettujen ja tarkoittamattomien muutos-ja sopeutumiskykyä lisäävien toimintojen monimutkaisen vuorovaikutuksen tulosta. Systeemisyys: Tapa nähdä organisaatiot avoimina jatkuvassa sisäisessä ja ulkoisessa vuorovaikutuksessa "kehkeytyvinä" monimutkaisina järjestelminä. Järjestelmässä on useita erilaisia toimijoita ja toimintoja, joiden vuorovaikutus on luonteeltaan monitasoista ja-suuntaista. Vuorovaikutuksen tuotoksia on vaikea ennakoida, koska useat tekijät liittyvät toisiinsa epälineaarisesti. Kehkeytyminen: Vuorovaikutusprosessia voidaan kuvata kehkeytymisenä (emergenssi). Tällä tarkoitetaan sitä, että alemman tason prosesseista ei voi suoraan päätellä mikä on ylemmän tason lopputulos monimutkaisesta vuorovaikutuksesta johtuen. Itseorganisoituminen: Toimijat tuottavat vuorovaikutuksessa toistensa kanssa oppien jatkuvasti uusia toimintaansa koskevia sääntöjä ja innovaatioita (organisoituminen) ja muokkaavat vanhoja. Kukaan ei johda organisoitumista. Kompleksisuus Toiminnan tai kehityksen etenemistä ei ole mahdollista ennakoida tai kuvata. Eri asia kuin monimutkaisuus. Human Systems Dynamics (HSD): Kompleksisuusajatteluun perustuva käytännöllinen lähestymistapa organisaatioissa kehkeytyvien käyttäytymiskaavojen havainnointia ja ohjailua varten. Adaptiivinen toiminta: HSD-lähestymistapaan liittyvä mukautuvan toiminnan malli, jossa toistetaan tiedon keruun, analyysin ja niihin perustuvan tekemisen vaiheista muodostuvaa sykliä. CDE-malli: HSD-lähestymistapaan perustuva malli, jonka mukaan systeemin itseorganisoitumista ohjaavat systeemiä koossapitävät samankaltaisuudet tai säiliöt (containers, C), merkittävät erot (differences, D) ja vuorovaikutuset (exchanges, E).
Research Papers in Economics, 2014
The purpose of this paper is to study the challenge of the evaluation in the context of the servi... more The purpose of this paper is to study the challenge of the evaluation in the context of the services in the sector of environment and energy. Because of the specific nature of service innovation the traditional evaluation meth-ods and measures are not able to capture neither the diversity of the inno-vations nor the multifaceted dimensions of performance. This paper aims to contribute to the need for a more diverse evaluation approach. We study the use of multi-criteria and system dynamic perspectives in the evaluation of services, and we develop a new type of methodology to evaluate their dynamics and multifaceted performance.
Background : Short implants are considered to be the simpler and more effective alternative to co... more Background : Short implants are considered to be the simpler and more effective alternative to complicated bone graft surgery in clinical situations with reduced alveolar bone height. But, a considerable number of clinicians still hesitate to use short implants questioning about their prognoses mainly due to the reduced contact area between the bone and implant and unfavorable crown to implant ratio compared to longer implants. Aim/Hypothesis : The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of short implants supporting fixed prostheses in posterior regions. Material and Methods : A retrospective study design was adopted. 69 short implants(intra-bony length ≤ 8 mm) supporting fixed prostheses in posterior regions of 56 patients were included. The implant success rate and periimplant marginal bone loss were evaluated. The effects of associated factors on the implant performance were analyzed. Results : A total of 3 implants failed. 2 implants were lost before loading and 1 implant was lost at 7 months after loading. The mean follow-up was 30.1 months(SD = 11.8 months). Success rate was 95.7% and 94.6% for the implant and patient-based analysis respectively. The average marginal bone loss after 1 year of follow-up was 0.02 ± 0.16 mm at mesial and 0.03 ± 0.14 mm at distal aspect, and it was 0.03 ± 0.16 mm at mesial and 0.04 ± 0.16 mm at distal aspect for subsequent evaluations. No relationship was observed between the studied variables and the marginal bone loss. Conclusion and Clinical Implications : High survival rates for short implants in posterior regions could be achieved with minimal marginal bone loss in this study. Within the limits of the short term follow-up, a short implant (≤8 mm) may be considered as a predictable treatment modality for posterior region with reduced bone height.