Mika Viljanen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mika Viljanen

AI & SOCIETY

Mobility robots may soon be among us, triggering a need for safety regulation. Robot safety regul... more Mobility robots may soon be among us, triggering a need for safety regulation. Robot safety regulation, however, remains underexplored, with only a few articles analyzing what regulatory approaches could be feasible. This article offers an account of the available regulatory strategies and attempts to theorize the effects of simulation-based safety regulation. The article first discusses the distinctive features of mobility robots as regulatory targets and argues that emergent behavior constitutes the key regulatory concern in designing robot safety regulation regimes. In contrast to many accounts, the article posits that emergent behavior dynamics do not arise from robot autonomy, learning capability, or code unexplainability. Instead, they emerge from the complexity of robot technological constitutions coupled with near-infinite environmental variability and non-linear performance dynamics of the machine learning components. Second, the article reviews rules-based and performance-...

liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö, Nov 30, 2020

The report discusses how Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASSs), ships capable of autonomous a... more The report discusses how Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASSs), ships capable of autonomous and remote operations, should be regulated. It consists of an introduction and three main chapters. Chapter 2 introduces MASS technologies, focusing on the sensors, software components, and algorithms needed in autonomous navigation systems. The report provides an overview of the role of machine learning models in autonomous navigation systems. These are necessary especially in automating watchkeeping duties and require testing in multiple phases of the system development cycle. Chapter 3 discusses the existing IMO, EU, and national regulatory frameworks, in the context of MASS trials and pilot deployments in test areas in the Baltic Sea. It also considers how the rules should be changed to facilitate the trials and pilot deployment. It concludes that the current rules will allow MASS trials, provided that they are approved by the authorities. Permanent MASS deployments, however, still require amendments of national and international rules. Chapter 4 discusses theme 4, outlining the building blocks and challenges of building a future regulatory framework for MASS commercial deployments. The Chapter focuses on MASS ethics, autonomous navigation system regulation, and liability and accountability for MASSs. Chapter 5 provides an executive summary of the main findings. Publisher Ministry of Transport and Communications Distributed by/ Publication sales Online version: julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi Publication sales: vnjulkaisumyynti.fi Kuvailulehti Julkaisija Liikenne-ja viestintäministeriö 30.11.2020

AI and Ethics, 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) governance is required to reap the benefits and manage the risks bro... more Artificial intelligence (AI) governance is required to reap the benefits and manage the risks brought by AI systems. This means that ethical principles, such as fairness, need to be translated into practicable AI governance processes. A concise AI governance definition would allow researchers and practitioners to identify the constituent parts of the complex problem of translating AI ethics into practice. However, there have been few efforts to define AI governance thus far. To bridge this gap, this paper defines AI governance at the organizational level. Moreover, we delineate how AI governance enters into a governance landscape with numerous governance areas, such as corporate governance, information technology (IT) governance, and data governance. Therefore, we position AI governance as part of an organization’s governance structure in relation to these existing governance areas. Our definition and positioning of organizational AI governance paves the way for crafting AI governan...

International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 2022

Growing evidence suggests that the affordances of algorithms can reproduce socially embedded bias... more Growing evidence suggests that the affordances of algorithms can reproduce socially embedded bias and discrimination, increase the information asymmetry and power imbalances in socio‑economic relations. We conceptualise these affordances in the context of socially mediated mass harms. We argue that algorithmic technologies may not alter what harms arise but, instead, affect harms qualitatively—that is, how and to what extent they emerge and on whom they fall. Using the example of three well-documented cases of algorithmic failures, we integrate the concerns identified in critical algorithm studies with the literature on social harm and zemiology. Reorienting the focus from socio‑economic to socio-econo-technological structures, we illustrate how algorithmic technologies transform the dynamics of social harm production on macro and meso levels by: (1) systematising bias and inequality; (2) accelerating harm propagation on an unprecedented scale; and (3) blurring the perception of har...

Lakimies, the, 2005

English summary: Human identity and negligence (s. 535

European Review of Contract Law

Firms increasingly use complex hybrid governance structures to manage value generation networks. ... more Firms increasingly use complex hybrid governance structures to manage value generation networks. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the structures contain soft, “enforcement-challenged” contractual devices. Existing contract theories, however, fail to recognize and explain how these soft contract devices work as legal devices. The article seeks to address this failure.The article uses a conceptual innovation by Schepker et al to construct an actor-network theory (ANT) inspired contract theory. Schepker et al argued that contracts are best understood as often concurrently serving safeguarding, coordination, and adaptation goals. The article argues that combined with ANT the functional contracting frame allows us to recognize that contracts work and gain efficacy in multiple ways. To understand how the soft, “enforcement-challenged” contract devices work, the article traces the efficacy mechanisms the devices perform and enact.The tracings lead the article to propose an ANT contract...

German Law Journal

This Article deploys cybernetic theory to argue that a novel legal impact imaginary has emerged. ... more This Article deploys cybernetic theory to argue that a novel legal impact imaginary has emerged. In this imaginary, the subjects of legal interventions are performed and enacted as cybernetic organisms, that is, as entities that process information and adapt to changes in their environment. This Article, then, argues that in this imaginary, law finds its effectiveness—not by threatening, cajoling, educating, and moralizing humans as before, but by affecting the composition of cybernetic organisms, giving rise to new kinds of legal subjects that transcend the former conceptual boundary between humans and non-humans, or persons and things. The cybernetic interventions work to change the cyborgs' behavioral responses, thus giving law a new kind modality of power. This Article develops a model for understanding cyborg regulation through case studies and argues that cyborg regulation deploys three distinct strategies. Cyborgs can be controlled through affecting the informational inpu...

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Practices for Network Management, 2017

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 2016

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 2015

ABSTRACT

Industrial Marketing Management, 2016