Mike Hough - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mike Hough

Research paper thumbnail of Disrupting the market for illegal rhino horn and ivory

This paper considers methods for regulating the trafficking of rhino horn and ivory, seen through... more This paper considers methods for regulating the trafficking of rhino horn and ivory, seen through the lens of compliance theories. It stresses the importance of the distinction between normative and instrumental motivations. It argues for a balanced set of strategies that include normative levers designed to change the behaviour of poachers, traffickers and consumers of these products. In particular it considers the options needed to achieve demand reduction in consumer countries, and those needed to provide incentives to local communities in producer countries to disengage from poaching.

Research paper thumbnail of The Intermittent Custody Pilot: A Descriptive Study

PsycEXTRA Dataset

... We are also very grateful for the support provided by Dick Weber in the Prison Service. ... F... more ... We are also very grateful for the support provided by Dick Weber in the Prison Service. ... Finally, we especially thank Moira Winters for her assistance with conducting offender interviews. Clarissa Penfold Gillian Hunter Mike Hough Page 4. ii Contents Page Acknowledgements i ...

Research paper thumbnail of Newsletter of the European Society of Criminology

Research paper thumbnail of Counting Crime and Analyzing Risks: The British Crime Survey (From Geography of Crime, P 16-37, 1989, David J Evans and David T Herbert, eds.--See NCJ-124763)

Research paper thumbnail of Investigating burglary: Findings from the Reducing Burglary Initiative: Findings 181

Research paper thumbnail of Modernization and public opinion: Some criminal justice paradoxes

Contemporary Politics, 2003

... The criminal justice system in general, and the police in particular, were left largely untou... more ... The criminal justice system in general, and the police in particular, were left largely untouched by the first wave of public-sector managerialism imposed by government in the eighties. The reasons are to be found partly in Conservative claims to be the party of law and order— ...

Research paper thumbnail of Street Crime In London: Deterrence, Disruption and Displacement

We would like to thank the Home Office and Government Office for London for funding this work. Wi... more We would like to thank the Home Office and Government Office for London for funding this work. Without their generosity this study would not have been possible 2. Many individuals from a range of criminal justice agencies agreed to be interviewed for this study, some of who took part in focus groups and we would like to express our thanks to them for sharing their valuable time with us.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the impact of the Reducing Burglary Initiative in southern England and Wales: 2nd edition

PsycEXTRA Dataset

This report summarises findings about the impact of Reducing Burglary Initiative projects covered... more This report summarises findings about the impact of Reducing Burglary Initiative projects covered by the Southern Consortium. It considers what worked in reducing domestic burglary and aims to explain the factors underlying this success. The issues of whether interventions were theoretically robust, and how intensively they needed to be implemented in practice to achieve any impact are examined. Projects tended to be more successful if the underlying theory of interventions was clearly thought through so that they complemented rather than contradicted each other. If this was the case, so-called 'packages' of interventions were most effective when designed to be relevant to the local area in terms of the local community, local offending and to management experience. The 'dosage' of an intervention needed to be considered so as to maximise effect, taking into account financial and personnel restrictions. Combinations of short-and long-term interventions were found to have a more sustainable impact on offending. Other internal and extraneous factors are considered that may have acted to the benefit or detriment of implementation. These may have masked the impact of successful projects from the evaluators, or given the spurious impression of success. The projects could be undermined by changing operational and community priorities. Despite the wide range of problems that projects had with implementation, the Southern Consortium SDPs proved that successful projects were possible.

Research paper thumbnail of Burglary prevention: Early lessons from the Crime Reduction Programme

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2000

The Policing and Reducing Crime Unit (PRCU) is based in the Researc h , Development and Statistic... more The Policing and Reducing Crime Unit (PRCU) is based in the Researc h , Development and Statistics (RDS) Directorate of the Home Office. The Unit carries out and commissions social and management science re s e a rch on policing and crime reduction, to support Home Office aims and develop evidence-based policy and practice. The Crime Reduction Research Series presents re s e a rch findings and guidance material relevant to practitioners involved in crime reduction at the local level, and particularly the local crime and disorder part n e r s h i p s. The series will include work funded under the Govern m e n t 's Crime Reduction Programme as well as other relevant RDS work. Details of how to obtain further copies of this re p o rt can be found on the back cover.

Research paper thumbnail of Misconduct by police leaders in England and Wales: an exploratory study

Policing and Society, 2016

The study that this article is based on examined cases of alleged misconduct involving chief poli... more The study that this article is based on examined cases of alleged misconduct involving chief police officers and staff. It described the nature of cases that came to light, examined pathways that lead to misconduct, and suggested ways of mitigating risks. The study was based on interviews with key stakeholders and with investigating officers in chief officer misconduct cases since April 2008. Cases involving chief officer misconduct fell into two broad categories: those associated with professional decision-making, and those related to interpersonal conduct. In around a third of cases, no misconduct was found. There were various routes into misconduct. The ethical climate of a police force was a key determinant of chief officer misconduct. Behaviour was also shaped by individual vulnerabilities, including lack of support, lack of challenge, exposure to corrupting influences, and cognitive failures in decision-making. Various things can be done to mitigate the risk of chief officer misconduct: police leadership needs to develop a greater consensus on what constitutes misconduct; Chief Officers need to recognise the specific risks of cognitive failure that organisational leaders face, and the temptations of excepting themselves from rules and norms. There also needs to be an organisational ethos in which leaders can be challenged, and in which leaders are given the right sort of support when faced with ethical challenges. There needs to be more recognition of the impact of selection and training processes, and of performance management systems, on the ethical climate of police organisations.

Research paper thumbnail of Police Futures and Legitimacy: Redefining ‘Good Policing’

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012

Abstract: This is an invited position paper for the Stevens' Independent Commission ... more Abstract: This is an invited position paper for the Stevens' Independent Commission on the Future of Policing in England & Wales. At a time when many people are considering the future of policing, any consideration of policy and practice needs to consider the legitimacy of the police in the eyes of the policed, and through this the influence that police and other legal authorities can exert on the law-related behaviour of citizens. In this position paper we apply Tom Tyler's procedural justice model of policing to the specific context of England & ...

Research paper thumbnail of Drug Dealing in Open Air Markets

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2000

Are willing to work with other community agencies to find effective solutions to the problem. The... more Are willing to work with other community agencies to find effective solutions to the problem. The police alone cannot implement many of the responses discussed in the guides. They must frequently implement them in partnership with other responsible private and public entities. An effective problem-solver must know how to forge genuine partnerships with others and be prepared to invest considerable effort in making these partnerships work. These guides have drawn on research findings and police practices in the United States,

Research paper thumbnail of On the Justification and Recognition of Police Power: Broadening the Concept of Police Legitimacy

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012

Abstract: This paper explores the idea that to confer legitimacy on the police is to feel not onl... more Abstract: This paper explores the idea that to confer legitimacy on the police is to feel not only obligated to obey the police but also morally aligned with the values of the police. A national probability survey of adults in England and Wales supports an extended version of Tyler's procedural justice model of public cooperation with legal authorities. We find especially strong correlations between (a) negative contact with the police,(b) trust in police procedural justice,(c) obligation to obey the police (recognition of police authority) and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Trust and Legitimacy Across Europe: A FIDUCIA Report on Comparative Public Attitudes Towards Legal Authority

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013

FIDUCIA (New European Crimes and Trust-based Policy) seeks to shed light on a number of distincti... more FIDUCIA (New European Crimes and Trust-based Policy) seeks to shed light on a number of distinctively 'new European' criminal behaviours which have emerged in the last decade as a consequence of both technology developments and the increased mobility of populations across Europe. A key objective of FIDUCIA is to propose and proof a 'trust-based' policy model in relation to emerging forms of criminality-to explore the idea that public trust and institutional legitimacy are important for the social regulation of the trafficking of human beings, the trafficking of goods, the criminalisation of migration and ethnic minorities, and cybercrimes. In this paper we detail levels of trust and legitimacy in the 26 countries, drawing on data from Round 5 of the European Social Survey. We conduct a sensitivity analysis that investigates the effect of a lack of measurement equivalence on national estimates.

Research paper thumbnail of Police Legitimacy in Action

The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Public Insecurities About Crime: A Review of the British Research Literature

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008

Abstract: This paper reviews the British research literature on fear of crime. Organised in three... more Abstract: This paper reviews the British research literature on fear of crime. Organised in three sections, the review begins with an analysis of how fear of crime has been variously been defined and measured. The second section outlines (a) levels of fear of crime and (b) trends and trajectories over the past few decades. The third examines the various explanations put forward for the roots and dynamics of public insecurities about crime.

Research paper thumbnail of Trust and Confidence in Criminal Justice: A Review of the British Research Literature

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008

Abstract: This paper reviews the British research literature on public trust and confidence in cr... more Abstract: This paper reviews the British research literature on public trust and confidence in criminal justice. The review falls into three sections. The first section documents the ways in which trust, confidence and legitimacy have been defined and measured. The second section outlines (a) levels of public confidence and (b) trends and trajectories over the past few decades. The third examines the various explanations put forward for the roots and dynamics of public perceptions of criminal justice. In line with extant research in this area, ...

Research paper thumbnail of Legitimacy, Trust and Compliance: An Empirical Test of Procedural Justice Theory Using the European Social Survey

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013

This chapter presents findings from a large-scale empirical test of procedural justice theory, wh... more This chapter presents findings from a large-scale empirical test of procedural justice theory, which we (and colleagues) designed using the fifth European Social Survey. The chapter first of all locates concerns about institutional legitimacy within a broader framework of 'compliance theories'. It then sets out its definitional stall in an attempt to clarify what is meant by the 'slippery' concept of legitimacy and how the term is used in different contexts. Then, in testing various hypotheses on procedural justice, we employ a tripartite definition of empirical (i.e. perceived) legitimacy. We define empirical legitimacy as the recognition and justification of the right to exercise power and influence, with influence mostly of the normative (rather than instrumental) variety, and importantly our tripartite notions of consent, moral alignment and legality accord with some well-established social psychological mechanisms of identification and internalisation.

Research paper thumbnail of Police Futures and Legitimacy: Redefining ‘Good Policing’

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012

Abstract: This is an invited position paper for the Stevens' Independent Commission ... more Abstract: This is an invited position paper for the Stevens' Independent Commission on the Future of Policing in England & Wales. At a time when many people are considering the future of policing, any consideration of policy and practice needs to consider the legitimacy of the police in the eyes of the policed, and through this the influence that police and other legal authorities can exert on the law-related behaviour of citizens. In this position paper we apply Tom Tyler's procedural justice model of policing to the specific context of England & ...

Research paper thumbnail of Drug Dealing in Open Air Markets

Research paper thumbnail of Disrupting the market for illegal rhino horn and ivory

This paper considers methods for regulating the trafficking of rhino horn and ivory, seen through... more This paper considers methods for regulating the trafficking of rhino horn and ivory, seen through the lens of compliance theories. It stresses the importance of the distinction between normative and instrumental motivations. It argues for a balanced set of strategies that include normative levers designed to change the behaviour of poachers, traffickers and consumers of these products. In particular it considers the options needed to achieve demand reduction in consumer countries, and those needed to provide incentives to local communities in producer countries to disengage from poaching.

Research paper thumbnail of The Intermittent Custody Pilot: A Descriptive Study

PsycEXTRA Dataset

... We are also very grateful for the support provided by Dick Weber in the Prison Service. ... F... more ... We are also very grateful for the support provided by Dick Weber in the Prison Service. ... Finally, we especially thank Moira Winters for her assistance with conducting offender interviews. Clarissa Penfold Gillian Hunter Mike Hough Page 4. ii Contents Page Acknowledgements i ...

Research paper thumbnail of Newsletter of the European Society of Criminology

Research paper thumbnail of Counting Crime and Analyzing Risks: The British Crime Survey (From Geography of Crime, P 16-37, 1989, David J Evans and David T Herbert, eds.--See NCJ-124763)

Research paper thumbnail of Investigating burglary: Findings from the Reducing Burglary Initiative: Findings 181

Research paper thumbnail of Modernization and public opinion: Some criminal justice paradoxes

Contemporary Politics, 2003

... The criminal justice system in general, and the police in particular, were left largely untou... more ... The criminal justice system in general, and the police in particular, were left largely untouched by the first wave of public-sector managerialism imposed by government in the eighties. The reasons are to be found partly in Conservative claims to be the party of law and order— ...

Research paper thumbnail of Street Crime In London: Deterrence, Disruption and Displacement

We would like to thank the Home Office and Government Office for London for funding this work. Wi... more We would like to thank the Home Office and Government Office for London for funding this work. Without their generosity this study would not have been possible 2. Many individuals from a range of criminal justice agencies agreed to be interviewed for this study, some of who took part in focus groups and we would like to express our thanks to them for sharing their valuable time with us.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the impact of the Reducing Burglary Initiative in southern England and Wales: 2nd edition

PsycEXTRA Dataset

This report summarises findings about the impact of Reducing Burglary Initiative projects covered... more This report summarises findings about the impact of Reducing Burglary Initiative projects covered by the Southern Consortium. It considers what worked in reducing domestic burglary and aims to explain the factors underlying this success. The issues of whether interventions were theoretically robust, and how intensively they needed to be implemented in practice to achieve any impact are examined. Projects tended to be more successful if the underlying theory of interventions was clearly thought through so that they complemented rather than contradicted each other. If this was the case, so-called 'packages' of interventions were most effective when designed to be relevant to the local area in terms of the local community, local offending and to management experience. The 'dosage' of an intervention needed to be considered so as to maximise effect, taking into account financial and personnel restrictions. Combinations of short-and long-term interventions were found to have a more sustainable impact on offending. Other internal and extraneous factors are considered that may have acted to the benefit or detriment of implementation. These may have masked the impact of successful projects from the evaluators, or given the spurious impression of success. The projects could be undermined by changing operational and community priorities. Despite the wide range of problems that projects had with implementation, the Southern Consortium SDPs proved that successful projects were possible.

Research paper thumbnail of Burglary prevention: Early lessons from the Crime Reduction Programme

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2000

The Policing and Reducing Crime Unit (PRCU) is based in the Researc h , Development and Statistic... more The Policing and Reducing Crime Unit (PRCU) is based in the Researc h , Development and Statistics (RDS) Directorate of the Home Office. The Unit carries out and commissions social and management science re s e a rch on policing and crime reduction, to support Home Office aims and develop evidence-based policy and practice. The Crime Reduction Research Series presents re s e a rch findings and guidance material relevant to practitioners involved in crime reduction at the local level, and particularly the local crime and disorder part n e r s h i p s. The series will include work funded under the Govern m e n t 's Crime Reduction Programme as well as other relevant RDS work. Details of how to obtain further copies of this re p o rt can be found on the back cover.

Research paper thumbnail of Misconduct by police leaders in England and Wales: an exploratory study

Policing and Society, 2016

The study that this article is based on examined cases of alleged misconduct involving chief poli... more The study that this article is based on examined cases of alleged misconduct involving chief police officers and staff. It described the nature of cases that came to light, examined pathways that lead to misconduct, and suggested ways of mitigating risks. The study was based on interviews with key stakeholders and with investigating officers in chief officer misconduct cases since April 2008. Cases involving chief officer misconduct fell into two broad categories: those associated with professional decision-making, and those related to interpersonal conduct. In around a third of cases, no misconduct was found. There were various routes into misconduct. The ethical climate of a police force was a key determinant of chief officer misconduct. Behaviour was also shaped by individual vulnerabilities, including lack of support, lack of challenge, exposure to corrupting influences, and cognitive failures in decision-making. Various things can be done to mitigate the risk of chief officer misconduct: police leadership needs to develop a greater consensus on what constitutes misconduct; Chief Officers need to recognise the specific risks of cognitive failure that organisational leaders face, and the temptations of excepting themselves from rules and norms. There also needs to be an organisational ethos in which leaders can be challenged, and in which leaders are given the right sort of support when faced with ethical challenges. There needs to be more recognition of the impact of selection and training processes, and of performance management systems, on the ethical climate of police organisations.

Research paper thumbnail of Police Futures and Legitimacy: Redefining ‘Good Policing’

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012

Abstract: This is an invited position paper for the Stevens' Independent Commission ... more Abstract: This is an invited position paper for the Stevens' Independent Commission on the Future of Policing in England & Wales. At a time when many people are considering the future of policing, any consideration of policy and practice needs to consider the legitimacy of the police in the eyes of the policed, and through this the influence that police and other legal authorities can exert on the law-related behaviour of citizens. In this position paper we apply Tom Tyler's procedural justice model of policing to the specific context of England & ...

Research paper thumbnail of Drug Dealing in Open Air Markets

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2000

Are willing to work with other community agencies to find effective solutions to the problem. The... more Are willing to work with other community agencies to find effective solutions to the problem. The police alone cannot implement many of the responses discussed in the guides. They must frequently implement them in partnership with other responsible private and public entities. An effective problem-solver must know how to forge genuine partnerships with others and be prepared to invest considerable effort in making these partnerships work. These guides have drawn on research findings and police practices in the United States,

Research paper thumbnail of On the Justification and Recognition of Police Power: Broadening the Concept of Police Legitimacy

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012

Abstract: This paper explores the idea that to confer legitimacy on the police is to feel not onl... more Abstract: This paper explores the idea that to confer legitimacy on the police is to feel not only obligated to obey the police but also morally aligned with the values of the police. A national probability survey of adults in England and Wales supports an extended version of Tyler's procedural justice model of public cooperation with legal authorities. We find especially strong correlations between (a) negative contact with the police,(b) trust in police procedural justice,(c) obligation to obey the police (recognition of police authority) and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Trust and Legitimacy Across Europe: A FIDUCIA Report on Comparative Public Attitudes Towards Legal Authority

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013

FIDUCIA (New European Crimes and Trust-based Policy) seeks to shed light on a number of distincti... more FIDUCIA (New European Crimes and Trust-based Policy) seeks to shed light on a number of distinctively 'new European' criminal behaviours which have emerged in the last decade as a consequence of both technology developments and the increased mobility of populations across Europe. A key objective of FIDUCIA is to propose and proof a 'trust-based' policy model in relation to emerging forms of criminality-to explore the idea that public trust and institutional legitimacy are important for the social regulation of the trafficking of human beings, the trafficking of goods, the criminalisation of migration and ethnic minorities, and cybercrimes. In this paper we detail levels of trust and legitimacy in the 26 countries, drawing on data from Round 5 of the European Social Survey. We conduct a sensitivity analysis that investigates the effect of a lack of measurement equivalence on national estimates.

Research paper thumbnail of Police Legitimacy in Action

The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Public Insecurities About Crime: A Review of the British Research Literature

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008

Abstract: This paper reviews the British research literature on fear of crime. Organised in three... more Abstract: This paper reviews the British research literature on fear of crime. Organised in three sections, the review begins with an analysis of how fear of crime has been variously been defined and measured. The second section outlines (a) levels of fear of crime and (b) trends and trajectories over the past few decades. The third examines the various explanations put forward for the roots and dynamics of public insecurities about crime.

Research paper thumbnail of Trust and Confidence in Criminal Justice: A Review of the British Research Literature

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008

Abstract: This paper reviews the British research literature on public trust and confidence in cr... more Abstract: This paper reviews the British research literature on public trust and confidence in criminal justice. The review falls into three sections. The first section documents the ways in which trust, confidence and legitimacy have been defined and measured. The second section outlines (a) levels of public confidence and (b) trends and trajectories over the past few decades. The third examines the various explanations put forward for the roots and dynamics of public perceptions of criminal justice. In line with extant research in this area, ...

Research paper thumbnail of Legitimacy, Trust and Compliance: An Empirical Test of Procedural Justice Theory Using the European Social Survey

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013

This chapter presents findings from a large-scale empirical test of procedural justice theory, wh... more This chapter presents findings from a large-scale empirical test of procedural justice theory, which we (and colleagues) designed using the fifth European Social Survey. The chapter first of all locates concerns about institutional legitimacy within a broader framework of 'compliance theories'. It then sets out its definitional stall in an attempt to clarify what is meant by the 'slippery' concept of legitimacy and how the term is used in different contexts. Then, in testing various hypotheses on procedural justice, we employ a tripartite definition of empirical (i.e. perceived) legitimacy. We define empirical legitimacy as the recognition and justification of the right to exercise power and influence, with influence mostly of the normative (rather than instrumental) variety, and importantly our tripartite notions of consent, moral alignment and legality accord with some well-established social psychological mechanisms of identification and internalisation.

Research paper thumbnail of Police Futures and Legitimacy: Redefining ‘Good Policing’

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012

Abstract: This is an invited position paper for the Stevens' Independent Commission ... more Abstract: This is an invited position paper for the Stevens' Independent Commission on the Future of Policing in England & Wales. At a time when many people are considering the future of policing, any consideration of policy and practice needs to consider the legitimacy of the police in the eyes of the policed, and through this the influence that police and other legal authorities can exert on the law-related behaviour of citizens. In this position paper we apply Tom Tyler's procedural justice model of policing to the specific context of England & ...

Research paper thumbnail of Drug Dealing in Open Air Markets