Mikkel Hansen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Universidad de Buenos Aires
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Papers by Mikkel Hansen
Physical Review B, 2000
The magnetic properties of hematite (␣-Fe 2 O 3 ) particles with sizes of about 16 nm have been s... more The magnetic properties of hematite (␣-Fe 2 O 3 ) particles with sizes of about 16 nm have been studied by use of Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetization measurements, and neutron diffraction. The nanoparticles are weakly ferromagnetic at temperatures at least down to 5 K with a spontaneous magnetization that is only slightly higher than that of weakly ferromagnetic bulk hematite. At Tտ100 K the Mössbauer spectra contain a doublet, which is asymmetric due to magnetic relaxation in the presence of an electric field gradient in accordance with the Blume-Tjon model. Simultaneous fitting of series of Mössbauer spectra obtained at temperatures from 5 K to well above the superparamagnetic blocking temperature allowed the estimation of the pre-exponential factor in Néel's expression for the superparamagnetic relaxation time, 0 ϭ(6Ϯ4)ϫ10 Ϫ11 s and the magnetic anisotropy energy barrier, E bm /kϭ590 Ϫ120 ϩ150 K. A lower value of the pre-exponential factor, 0 ϭ1.8 Ϫ1.3 ϩ3.2 ϫ10 Ϫ11 s, and a significantly lower anisotropy energy barrier E bm magn /kϭ305Ϯ20 K was derived from simultaneous fitting to ac and dc magnetization curves. The difference in the observed energy barriers can be explained by the presence of two different modes of superparamagnetic relaxation which are characteristic of the weakly ferromagnetic phase. One mode involves a rotation of the sublattice magnetization directions in the basal ͑111͒ plane, which gives rise to superparamagnetic behavior in both Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements. The other mode involves a fluctuation of the net magnetization direction out of the basal plane, which mainly affects the magnetization measurements.
Physical Review B, 2000
The magnetic properties of hematite (␣-Fe 2 O 3 ) particles with sizes of about 16 nm have been s... more The magnetic properties of hematite (␣-Fe 2 O 3 ) particles with sizes of about 16 nm have been studied by use of Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetization measurements, and neutron diffraction. The nanoparticles are weakly ferromagnetic at temperatures at least down to 5 K with a spontaneous magnetization that is only slightly higher than that of weakly ferromagnetic bulk hematite. At Tտ100 K the Mössbauer spectra contain a doublet, which is asymmetric due to magnetic relaxation in the presence of an electric field gradient in accordance with the Blume-Tjon model. Simultaneous fitting of series of Mössbauer spectra obtained at temperatures from 5 K to well above the superparamagnetic blocking temperature allowed the estimation of the pre-exponential factor in Néel's expression for the superparamagnetic relaxation time, 0 ϭ(6Ϯ4)ϫ10 Ϫ11 s and the magnetic anisotropy energy barrier, E bm /kϭ590 Ϫ120 ϩ150 K. A lower value of the pre-exponential factor, 0 ϭ1.8 Ϫ1.3 ϩ3.2 ϫ10 Ϫ11 s, and a significantly lower anisotropy energy barrier E bm magn /kϭ305Ϯ20 K was derived from simultaneous fitting to ac and dc magnetization curves. The difference in the observed energy barriers can be explained by the presence of two different modes of superparamagnetic relaxation which are characteristic of the weakly ferromagnetic phase. One mode involves a rotation of the sublattice magnetization directions in the basal ͑111͒ plane, which gives rise to superparamagnetic behavior in both Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements. The other mode involves a fluctuation of the net magnetization direction out of the basal plane, which mainly affects the magnetization measurements.