Mildred Hecke - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Talks in Fractal Geometry by Mildred Hecke
Papers by Mildred Hecke
Mecánica Computacional, 2010
Aos meus pais, Gabriel e Rita de Cássia, pela amizade e companheirismo e por terem me dado todo o... more Aos meus pais, Gabriel e Rita de Cássia, pela amizade e companheirismo e por terem me dado todo o apoio necessário, sem o qual seria impossível a realização deste trabalho. Aos meus irmãos, Julio Cezar e Juliana, pela amizade. Ao Prof. Roberto Dalledone Machado pela credibilidade em mim depositada, pela contribuição no desenvolvimento deste trabalho e pela amizade e companheirismo. À Maristela Bandil pela amizade e companheirismo, e por não deixar que eu desistisse. Ao Prof. Sérgio Scheer e à Profª. Mildred B. Hecke pela oportunidade e por terem acreditado em mim. Ao Luiz Farani, cujo suporte foi fundamental para a realização deste trabalho. Aos amigos de curso Luiz Farani, Luciano, Jorge, Leonardo, Emílio e Felipe pela amizade. v "A dor é temporária. Pode levar um minuto, uma hora, um dia, um ano, mas alguma hora será substituída por algo melhor. Se eu desistir, talvez dure para sempre."
Medical Engineering & Physics, Sep 1, 2016
This work represents a study of a mathematical model that describes the biological response to di... more This work represents a study of a mathematical model that describes the biological response to different mechanical stimuli in a cellular dynamics model for bone remodelling. The biological system discussed herein consists of three specialised cellular types, responsive osteoblasts, active osteoblasts and osteoclasts, three types of signalling molecules, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-b ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the parathyroid hormone (PTH). Three proposals for mechanical stimuli were tested: strain energy density (SED), hydrostatic and deviatoric parts of SED. The model was tested in a two-dimensional geometry of a standard human femur. The spatial discretization was performed by the finite element method while the temporal evolution of the variables was calculated by the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. The obtained results represent the temporal evolution of the apparent density distribution and the mean apparent density and thickness for the cortical bone after 600 days of remodelling simulation. The main contributions of this paper are the coupling of mechanical and biological models and the exploration of how the different mechanical stimuli affect the cellular activity in different types of physical activities. The results revealed that hydrostatic SED stimulus was able to form more cortical bone than deviatoric SED and total SED stimuli. The computational model confirms how different mechanical stimuli can impact in the balance of bone homeostasis.
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, Nov 1, 2011
There are difficulties for dental implant use in posterior mandible when there is little bone hei... more There are difficulties for dental implant use in posterior mandible when there is little bone height for implant placement. Among the treatment alternatives available, there is no direct comparison between short implants and conventional implants placed with lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the risk of peri-implant bone loss of the above treatments. With this aim, computed tomography scans of mandibles were processed, and implants and prosthetic components were reverse engineered for reconstruction of three-dimensional models to simulate the biomechanical behavior of 3-element fixed partial dentures supported by 2 osseointegrated implants, using simulations with the finite element method. The models of implants were based on MK III implants (Nobel Biocare) of 5-and 4-mm diameter by 7-mm length, representing short implants, and 4-and 3.75-mm diameter by 15-mm length, representing implants used in lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve. All models were simulated with prestress concerning the stresses generated by the torque of the screw. Axial and oblique occlusal loads at 45% were simulated, resulting in 8 different simulations. The results showed that the risk for bone loss in osseointegrated implants is greater for treatments with short implants.
CRC Press eBooks, May 25, 2006
International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics, May 21, 2011
The FBGs (Fibre Bragg Grating) are adequate sensors for measuring strain in biomedical applicatio... more The FBGs (Fibre Bragg Grating) are adequate sensors for measuring strain in biomedical applications. This work evaluates the efficacy of some products and processes, which are used for the decontamination and sterilization of these sensors. Fibre optic samples, partially stripped of the primary coating, were contaminated by E. coli and S. aureus and suffered decontamination processes by autoclave heating, immersion
The development of the Composite Element Method (CEM), which combines the Finite Element Method (... more The development of the Composite Element Method (CEM), which combines the Finite Element Method (FEM) approach and analytical solutions obtained from the Classical Theory (CT), is a novel technique to solve free vibration problems. Some of the elements proposed and modelled have shown that the free vibration problem of prismatic bars and Timoshenko's beam could be solved in a more efficient and accurate way using CEM. However, certain elements are not capable of solving free vibration plate, mainly with those that are considered thin. In this paper a new element of CEM using the MITC (mixed interpolation of tensorial components) formulation from a 4-node plate element has been proposed. The displacement field is expanded, merging the nodal values from FEM with the analytical functions of the classical solutions. The classical solution functions must satisfy certain specific boundary conditions in such a way that they do not change the nodal values of FEM. These functions must also be the solutions of the frequency equation. The objective of the present work is to apply the CEM on the thin and thick plate model. Examples are included to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method and the results are compared between usual MITC element and CEM element. The locking effect related to the thin plates is also discussed.
Arquivos em Odontologia, Dec 22, 2017
Os cimentos resinosos são muito utilizados na fixação de restaurações estéticas indiretas. Esses ... more Os cimentos resinosos são muito utilizados na fixação de restaurações estéticas indiretas. Esses cimentos possuem melhores propriedades mecânicas se comparados aos cimentos convencionais 1. Os RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar e comparar as propriedades mecânicas dos cimentos resinosos duais convencionais e autoadesivos em macro e nanoescala. Métodos: Foram confeccionados 15 espécimes de cada marca de cimentos resinosos, AllCem (FGM), RelyX ARC (3M/ESPE) e RelyX U200 (3M/ESPE), para cada teste realizado (flexão de três pontos, compressão e nanoindentação) de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes. Os espécimes foram fotoativados com aparelho Optilux Demetron (Kerr) por 40 segundos e armazenados em frascos escuros a 37ºC por 24 horas. Foram obtidos os resultados de resistência flexural, resistência à compressão, dureza e de módulo de Young para os diferentes testes mecânicos. Os dados foram avaliados pelos testes ANOVA, múltiplas comparações de Tukey HSD para análise dos valores de resistência, dureza e módulo de elasticidade entre os diferentes cimentos resinosos e ANOVA dois critérios e múltiplas comparações de Games Howell para análise dos módulos de Young entre os diferentes experimentos. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que o AllCem obteve os maiores valores de resistência flexural e compressão axial (129±22,01 MPa; 243,71±29,75, respectivamente) e o RelyX U200 os menores valores (82,35±19,83 MPa; 134,57±48,93 MPa, respectivamente). Os valores de dureza não diferiram entre os cimentos estudados. No teste de flexão os valores de módulo de Young não diferiram entre os cimentos resinosos. No teste de compressão axial o AllCem apresentou módulo de Young estatisticamente maiores que dos demais cimentos. Para nanoindentação AllCem e RelyX U200 apresentaram maiores valores de módulo de Young que RelyX ARC. Os valores de módulo de Young diferiram significativamente entre todos os experimentos (p<0.05). Conclusão: Os valores das propriedades dos cimentos resinosos podem ser influenciados pelo tipo de experimento (macro-ou nanoescala) realizado. Descritores: Cimentos de Resina-Análise. Testes de dureza. Força compressiva.
Pipelines are being widely employed worldwide as means of conveyance of crude oil and its derivat... more Pipelines are being widely employed worldwide as means of conveyance of crude oil and its derivatives. Many environmental disasters have been happening related to pipelines due to its weakness and susceptibleness to the surrounding environment. To avoid these undesirable situations, computational models are playing an important role as they are able to predict the behaviour of pipelines in several ways. This essay presents a finite element formulation for both material and kinematic (geometric) nonlinear analysis of pipelines. Furthermore, the finite element formulation presented here simulates the soil behaviour throughout the employment of springs. Three examples are presented to show the numerical implementation efficiency
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering. Imaging & visualization, Mar 13, 2014
ABSTRACT The use of precise geometric models can be of great importance to grant the validity of ... more ABSTRACT The use of precise geometric models can be of great importance to grant the validity of a computer simulation. Advanced reconstructive techniques must be used to ensure that goal. The authors describe a method to digitally reconstruct a complete model of a toothed maxilla using conventional computerized tomography and manual manipulations based on literature references to correct inaccuracies in the model. The result is a geometric model that can be edited or used as-is in a wide range of research areas such as orthodontics, prosthetic dentistry and restorative dentistry. The model can be downloaded and used freely by the scientific community.
Journal of The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Jul 31, 2017
We present two numerical experiments concerning application of a recent outflow boundary conditio... more We present two numerical experiments concerning application of a recent outflow boundary condition proposal, by Dong et al. (J Comput Phys 261:83-105, 1), to discontinuous Galerkin method (DG) solution of incompressible laminar flows. This new boundary condition (BC) is tailored out for outflow boundaries and its rationale is based on energy influx control at this boundary surface, as described in Braack and Mucha (J Comput Math 32(5):507-521, 2). The authors applied it to various incompressible test-flow examples in a spectral and classic finite-element contexts, and a major result achieved by them was this new outflow boundary's approach allows us to significantly reduce computational domain size without generating significant errors. Accordingly, due to its already known capabilities and established mathematical basis, it is a natural issue to ask about the DG behaviour over this all-useful achievement. In this work, the DG method is tested in two different flow instances: (1) Kovasznay flow, where convergence rates are measured and (2) laminar incompressible flow around cylinder inside rectangular channel. In this case, drag and lift coefficients are computed, further of the dimensionless Strouhal number. Conclusions are traced to show the readiness of DG to embody this new boundary condition technique. Keywords High-order method Á Outflow boundary condition Á Unstructured grids Á Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations Á Discontinuous Galerkin Method
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Introdução A visualização da estrutura óssea de um paciente pode ser feita por diferentes métodos... more Introdução A visualização da estrutura óssea de um paciente pode ser feita por diferentes métodos, tais como: Raios-X, tomografia, micro-CT, etc. A partir de imagens obtidas com esses métodos, pode-se realizar diagnósticos clínicos de enfermidades ósseas como a osteoporose, por exemplo. Contudo, esses métodos qualitativos, que são comumente utilizados, limitam-se a experiência visual do ortopedista. Nenhum dado quantitativo é fornecido, a não ser que se faça uma análise computadorizada dessas imagens. Sabendo-se que a estrutura trabecular irregular pode ser caracterizada pela geometria fractal, é possível realizar uma análise geométrica de uma estrutura óssea de forma a quantificar as informações que podem ser obtidas por meio de uma imagem através de um modelo fractal. O objetivo inicial é buscar um método para extrair informações que possam quantificar grandezas matemáticas definidas no modelo fractal em função da área de observação, tais como: volume ósseo efetivo, variação do vo...
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2011
There are difficulties for dental implant use in posterior mandible when there is little bone hei... more There are difficulties for dental implant use in posterior mandible when there is little bone height for implant placement. Among the treatment alternatives available, there is no direct comparison between short implants and conventional implants placed with lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the risk of peri-implant bone loss of the above treatments. With this aim, computed tomography scans of mandibles were processed, and implants and prosthetic components were reverse engineered for reconstruction of three-dimensional models to simulate the biomechanical behavior of 3-element fixed partial dentures supported by 2 osseointegrated implants, using simulations with the finite element method. The models of implants were based on MK III implants (Nobel Biocare) of 5-and 4-mm diameter by 7-mm length, representing short implants, and 4-and 3.75-mm diameter by 15-mm length, representing implants used in lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve. All models were simulated with prestress concerning the stresses generated by the torque of the screw. Axial and oblique occlusal loads at 45% were simulated, resulting in 8 different simulations. The results showed that the risk for bone loss in osseointegrated implants is greater for treatments with short implants.
MECOMCILAMCE 2010, 2010
Resumo. As características anisotrópicas de estruturas biológicas fornecem dados para caracteriza... more Resumo. As características anisotrópicas de estruturas biológicas fornecem dados para caracterização desses materiais. Em estruturas vivas, a obtenção de parâmetros físicos e geométricos pode ser realizada a partir de técnicas baseadas em tomografia ou ressonância magnética. Nesse sentido, a visualização de campos tensoriais vem a ser um recurso que fornece meios de obter informações qualitativas sobre o comportamento global dos dados em estudo. Além da visualização, uma interação eficiente entre o usuário e os ...
Geotecnia, 2018
Este trabalho enquadra-se no projeto europeu de investigação LIQUEFACT, do qual a Faculdade de En... more Este trabalho enquadra-se no projeto europeu de investigação LIQUEFACT, do qual a Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto é parceira e associada. Durante a realização deste trabalho, foi recolhida uma vasta informação geológico-geotécnica existente, de modo a constituir uma base de dados sólida para a escolha de um sítio-piloto, para realização de ensaios in situ complementares, com vista à elaboração de um microzonamento de suscetibilidade à liquefação. A análise dessa informação geotécnica (sobretudo SPT, CPT e CH) incluiu a avaliação de índices de risco de liquefação, nomeadamente o Fator de Segurança à liquefação (FSliq), Índice Potencial de Liquefação (LPI) e Número de Severidade de Liquefação (LSN), tendose escolhido um sítio piloto na zona da Lezíria Grande de Vila Franca de Xira. A campanha experimental envolveu ensaios SPT, CPTu, SDMT, diversos métodos geofísicos e ainda a recolha de amostras de alta qualidade para caracterização laboratorial. O tratamento dos resu...
Na engenharia, o primeiro passo para a analise de uma estrutura e o conhecimento do material que ... more Na engenharia, o primeiro passo para a analise de uma estrutura e o conhecimento do material que a compoe e da sua geometria. Normalmente o material e conhecido com ensaios destrutivos de tracao, compressao, pesagem e medicoes volumetricas executados utilizando-se corpos de prova de dimensoes padronizadas. Em relacao a geometria, na maioria dos casos, sao regulares e criadas a partir de formas primitivas como retângulos, triângulos, cilindros, sendo sua criacao digital simples de ser executada. No entanto, com materiais vivos, tanto a caracterizacao do material quanto a criacao da geometria digital sao bem complexos, devido a variacao de suas propriedades, dano e cura, e seu formato irregular. Sendo assim, outra forma de se conhecer o material deve ser utilizada. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia basica para a determinacao das propriedades fisicas e parâmetros geometricos do tecido trabecular osseo a partir de imagens de micro tomografia. A micro tomografia e uma tecnica nao d...
The orthodontic treatment is largely used in clinical practice in our days. The clear understandi... more The orthodontic treatment is largely used in clinical practice in our days. The clear understanding of all the biological phenomena involved in tooth mobility, as a consequence of the orthodontic treatment and functional load, is necessary to achieve equilibrium in the stomatognatic system. In overall this biological process of adaptation there are several intervenient like teeth and alveolar bone but the periodontal ligament (PDL) plays an important key role. It is considered that bone remodelling process involves a mirostructural adaptation [5] and can be model using a mathematical formulation, based in the theory of thermodynanics with internal variables [1,7], is being used in the constitutive modeling of PDL. The internal variables are associated with both local loss and gain of stiffness. According to experimental results, strains in bone during physiological activities, related to orthodontic load, are very small. In that case the Helmholtz free energy can be assumed as a function of elastic strain tensor and internal variables. The Helmholtz free energy may consist of two parts: one mainly related to elastic strain but affected by loss and gain of stiffness, and other is the energy exclusively related to them. The state laws define the "forces" associated with the state variables (stresses and thermodynamical forces). A dissipation potential related to entropy production rate is expressed in terms of this loss and gain of strength conjugate forces [4,6]. The PDL can be assumed as been composed of two parts, one considered isotropic, that is composed by a matrix of connective tissue and another part, considered anisotropic that is composed by collagen fibres [2]. In this way, the behaviour of the PDL is time depending and also depends on the velocity rate of applied load. The proper choice of the mechanical properties and the constitutive model used to describe the response of the PDL such as the surrounding bone media, are important in dental mobility, and because it can gives the strain patterns inside the PDL, which are important to evaluate and identify the regions of remodelling processes in surrounding bone media.
Mecánica Computacional, 2010
Aos meus pais, Gabriel e Rita de Cássia, pela amizade e companheirismo e por terem me dado todo o... more Aos meus pais, Gabriel e Rita de Cássia, pela amizade e companheirismo e por terem me dado todo o apoio necessário, sem o qual seria impossível a realização deste trabalho. Aos meus irmãos, Julio Cezar e Juliana, pela amizade. Ao Prof. Roberto Dalledone Machado pela credibilidade em mim depositada, pela contribuição no desenvolvimento deste trabalho e pela amizade e companheirismo. À Maristela Bandil pela amizade e companheirismo, e por não deixar que eu desistisse. Ao Prof. Sérgio Scheer e à Profª. Mildred B. Hecke pela oportunidade e por terem acreditado em mim. Ao Luiz Farani, cujo suporte foi fundamental para a realização deste trabalho. Aos amigos de curso Luiz Farani, Luciano, Jorge, Leonardo, Emílio e Felipe pela amizade. v "A dor é temporária. Pode levar um minuto, uma hora, um dia, um ano, mas alguma hora será substituída por algo melhor. Se eu desistir, talvez dure para sempre."
Medical Engineering & Physics, Sep 1, 2016
This work represents a study of a mathematical model that describes the biological response to di... more This work represents a study of a mathematical model that describes the biological response to different mechanical stimuli in a cellular dynamics model for bone remodelling. The biological system discussed herein consists of three specialised cellular types, responsive osteoblasts, active osteoblasts and osteoclasts, three types of signalling molecules, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-b ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the parathyroid hormone (PTH). Three proposals for mechanical stimuli were tested: strain energy density (SED), hydrostatic and deviatoric parts of SED. The model was tested in a two-dimensional geometry of a standard human femur. The spatial discretization was performed by the finite element method while the temporal evolution of the variables was calculated by the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. The obtained results represent the temporal evolution of the apparent density distribution and the mean apparent density and thickness for the cortical bone after 600 days of remodelling simulation. The main contributions of this paper are the coupling of mechanical and biological models and the exploration of how the different mechanical stimuli affect the cellular activity in different types of physical activities. The results revealed that hydrostatic SED stimulus was able to form more cortical bone than deviatoric SED and total SED stimuli. The computational model confirms how different mechanical stimuli can impact in the balance of bone homeostasis.
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, Nov 1, 2011
There are difficulties for dental implant use in posterior mandible when there is little bone hei... more There are difficulties for dental implant use in posterior mandible when there is little bone height for implant placement. Among the treatment alternatives available, there is no direct comparison between short implants and conventional implants placed with lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the risk of peri-implant bone loss of the above treatments. With this aim, computed tomography scans of mandibles were processed, and implants and prosthetic components were reverse engineered for reconstruction of three-dimensional models to simulate the biomechanical behavior of 3-element fixed partial dentures supported by 2 osseointegrated implants, using simulations with the finite element method. The models of implants were based on MK III implants (Nobel Biocare) of 5-and 4-mm diameter by 7-mm length, representing short implants, and 4-and 3.75-mm diameter by 15-mm length, representing implants used in lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve. All models were simulated with prestress concerning the stresses generated by the torque of the screw. Axial and oblique occlusal loads at 45% were simulated, resulting in 8 different simulations. The results showed that the risk for bone loss in osseointegrated implants is greater for treatments with short implants.
CRC Press eBooks, May 25, 2006
International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics, May 21, 2011
The FBGs (Fibre Bragg Grating) are adequate sensors for measuring strain in biomedical applicatio... more The FBGs (Fibre Bragg Grating) are adequate sensors for measuring strain in biomedical applications. This work evaluates the efficacy of some products and processes, which are used for the decontamination and sterilization of these sensors. Fibre optic samples, partially stripped of the primary coating, were contaminated by E. coli and S. aureus and suffered decontamination processes by autoclave heating, immersion
The development of the Composite Element Method (CEM), which combines the Finite Element Method (... more The development of the Composite Element Method (CEM), which combines the Finite Element Method (FEM) approach and analytical solutions obtained from the Classical Theory (CT), is a novel technique to solve free vibration problems. Some of the elements proposed and modelled have shown that the free vibration problem of prismatic bars and Timoshenko's beam could be solved in a more efficient and accurate way using CEM. However, certain elements are not capable of solving free vibration plate, mainly with those that are considered thin. In this paper a new element of CEM using the MITC (mixed interpolation of tensorial components) formulation from a 4-node plate element has been proposed. The displacement field is expanded, merging the nodal values from FEM with the analytical functions of the classical solutions. The classical solution functions must satisfy certain specific boundary conditions in such a way that they do not change the nodal values of FEM. These functions must also be the solutions of the frequency equation. The objective of the present work is to apply the CEM on the thin and thick plate model. Examples are included to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method and the results are compared between usual MITC element and CEM element. The locking effect related to the thin plates is also discussed.
Arquivos em Odontologia, Dec 22, 2017
Os cimentos resinosos são muito utilizados na fixação de restaurações estéticas indiretas. Esses ... more Os cimentos resinosos são muito utilizados na fixação de restaurações estéticas indiretas. Esses cimentos possuem melhores propriedades mecânicas se comparados aos cimentos convencionais 1. Os RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar e comparar as propriedades mecânicas dos cimentos resinosos duais convencionais e autoadesivos em macro e nanoescala. Métodos: Foram confeccionados 15 espécimes de cada marca de cimentos resinosos, AllCem (FGM), RelyX ARC (3M/ESPE) e RelyX U200 (3M/ESPE), para cada teste realizado (flexão de três pontos, compressão e nanoindentação) de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes. Os espécimes foram fotoativados com aparelho Optilux Demetron (Kerr) por 40 segundos e armazenados em frascos escuros a 37ºC por 24 horas. Foram obtidos os resultados de resistência flexural, resistência à compressão, dureza e de módulo de Young para os diferentes testes mecânicos. Os dados foram avaliados pelos testes ANOVA, múltiplas comparações de Tukey HSD para análise dos valores de resistência, dureza e módulo de elasticidade entre os diferentes cimentos resinosos e ANOVA dois critérios e múltiplas comparações de Games Howell para análise dos módulos de Young entre os diferentes experimentos. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que o AllCem obteve os maiores valores de resistência flexural e compressão axial (129±22,01 MPa; 243,71±29,75, respectivamente) e o RelyX U200 os menores valores (82,35±19,83 MPa; 134,57±48,93 MPa, respectivamente). Os valores de dureza não diferiram entre os cimentos estudados. No teste de flexão os valores de módulo de Young não diferiram entre os cimentos resinosos. No teste de compressão axial o AllCem apresentou módulo de Young estatisticamente maiores que dos demais cimentos. Para nanoindentação AllCem e RelyX U200 apresentaram maiores valores de módulo de Young que RelyX ARC. Os valores de módulo de Young diferiram significativamente entre todos os experimentos (p<0.05). Conclusão: Os valores das propriedades dos cimentos resinosos podem ser influenciados pelo tipo de experimento (macro-ou nanoescala) realizado. Descritores: Cimentos de Resina-Análise. Testes de dureza. Força compressiva.
Pipelines are being widely employed worldwide as means of conveyance of crude oil and its derivat... more Pipelines are being widely employed worldwide as means of conveyance of crude oil and its derivatives. Many environmental disasters have been happening related to pipelines due to its weakness and susceptibleness to the surrounding environment. To avoid these undesirable situations, computational models are playing an important role as they are able to predict the behaviour of pipelines in several ways. This essay presents a finite element formulation for both material and kinematic (geometric) nonlinear analysis of pipelines. Furthermore, the finite element formulation presented here simulates the soil behaviour throughout the employment of springs. Three examples are presented to show the numerical implementation efficiency
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering. Imaging & visualization, Mar 13, 2014
ABSTRACT The use of precise geometric models can be of great importance to grant the validity of ... more ABSTRACT The use of precise geometric models can be of great importance to grant the validity of a computer simulation. Advanced reconstructive techniques must be used to ensure that goal. The authors describe a method to digitally reconstruct a complete model of a toothed maxilla using conventional computerized tomography and manual manipulations based on literature references to correct inaccuracies in the model. The result is a geometric model that can be edited or used as-is in a wide range of research areas such as orthodontics, prosthetic dentistry and restorative dentistry. The model can be downloaded and used freely by the scientific community.
Journal of The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Jul 31, 2017
We present two numerical experiments concerning application of a recent outflow boundary conditio... more We present two numerical experiments concerning application of a recent outflow boundary condition proposal, by Dong et al. (J Comput Phys 261:83-105, 1), to discontinuous Galerkin method (DG) solution of incompressible laminar flows. This new boundary condition (BC) is tailored out for outflow boundaries and its rationale is based on energy influx control at this boundary surface, as described in Braack and Mucha (J Comput Math 32(5):507-521, 2). The authors applied it to various incompressible test-flow examples in a spectral and classic finite-element contexts, and a major result achieved by them was this new outflow boundary's approach allows us to significantly reduce computational domain size without generating significant errors. Accordingly, due to its already known capabilities and established mathematical basis, it is a natural issue to ask about the DG behaviour over this all-useful achievement. In this work, the DG method is tested in two different flow instances: (1) Kovasznay flow, where convergence rates are measured and (2) laminar incompressible flow around cylinder inside rectangular channel. In this case, drag and lift coefficients are computed, further of the dimensionless Strouhal number. Conclusions are traced to show the readiness of DG to embody this new boundary condition technique. Keywords High-order method Á Outflow boundary condition Á Unstructured grids Á Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations Á Discontinuous Galerkin Method
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Introdução A visualização da estrutura óssea de um paciente pode ser feita por diferentes métodos... more Introdução A visualização da estrutura óssea de um paciente pode ser feita por diferentes métodos, tais como: Raios-X, tomografia, micro-CT, etc. A partir de imagens obtidas com esses métodos, pode-se realizar diagnósticos clínicos de enfermidades ósseas como a osteoporose, por exemplo. Contudo, esses métodos qualitativos, que são comumente utilizados, limitam-se a experiência visual do ortopedista. Nenhum dado quantitativo é fornecido, a não ser que se faça uma análise computadorizada dessas imagens. Sabendo-se que a estrutura trabecular irregular pode ser caracterizada pela geometria fractal, é possível realizar uma análise geométrica de uma estrutura óssea de forma a quantificar as informações que podem ser obtidas por meio de uma imagem através de um modelo fractal. O objetivo inicial é buscar um método para extrair informações que possam quantificar grandezas matemáticas definidas no modelo fractal em função da área de observação, tais como: volume ósseo efetivo, variação do vo...
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2011
There are difficulties for dental implant use in posterior mandible when there is little bone hei... more There are difficulties for dental implant use in posterior mandible when there is little bone height for implant placement. Among the treatment alternatives available, there is no direct comparison between short implants and conventional implants placed with lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the risk of peri-implant bone loss of the above treatments. With this aim, computed tomography scans of mandibles were processed, and implants and prosthetic components were reverse engineered for reconstruction of three-dimensional models to simulate the biomechanical behavior of 3-element fixed partial dentures supported by 2 osseointegrated implants, using simulations with the finite element method. The models of implants were based on MK III implants (Nobel Biocare) of 5-and 4-mm diameter by 7-mm length, representing short implants, and 4-and 3.75-mm diameter by 15-mm length, representing implants used in lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve. All models were simulated with prestress concerning the stresses generated by the torque of the screw. Axial and oblique occlusal loads at 45% were simulated, resulting in 8 different simulations. The results showed that the risk for bone loss in osseointegrated implants is greater for treatments with short implants.
MECOMCILAMCE 2010, 2010
Resumo. As características anisotrópicas de estruturas biológicas fornecem dados para caracteriza... more Resumo. As características anisotrópicas de estruturas biológicas fornecem dados para caracterização desses materiais. Em estruturas vivas, a obtenção de parâmetros físicos e geométricos pode ser realizada a partir de técnicas baseadas em tomografia ou ressonância magnética. Nesse sentido, a visualização de campos tensoriais vem a ser um recurso que fornece meios de obter informações qualitativas sobre o comportamento global dos dados em estudo. Além da visualização, uma interação eficiente entre o usuário e os ...
Geotecnia, 2018
Este trabalho enquadra-se no projeto europeu de investigação LIQUEFACT, do qual a Faculdade de En... more Este trabalho enquadra-se no projeto europeu de investigação LIQUEFACT, do qual a Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto é parceira e associada. Durante a realização deste trabalho, foi recolhida uma vasta informação geológico-geotécnica existente, de modo a constituir uma base de dados sólida para a escolha de um sítio-piloto, para realização de ensaios in situ complementares, com vista à elaboração de um microzonamento de suscetibilidade à liquefação. A análise dessa informação geotécnica (sobretudo SPT, CPT e CH) incluiu a avaliação de índices de risco de liquefação, nomeadamente o Fator de Segurança à liquefação (FSliq), Índice Potencial de Liquefação (LPI) e Número de Severidade de Liquefação (LSN), tendose escolhido um sítio piloto na zona da Lezíria Grande de Vila Franca de Xira. A campanha experimental envolveu ensaios SPT, CPTu, SDMT, diversos métodos geofísicos e ainda a recolha de amostras de alta qualidade para caracterização laboratorial. O tratamento dos resu...
Na engenharia, o primeiro passo para a analise de uma estrutura e o conhecimento do material que ... more Na engenharia, o primeiro passo para a analise de uma estrutura e o conhecimento do material que a compoe e da sua geometria. Normalmente o material e conhecido com ensaios destrutivos de tracao, compressao, pesagem e medicoes volumetricas executados utilizando-se corpos de prova de dimensoes padronizadas. Em relacao a geometria, na maioria dos casos, sao regulares e criadas a partir de formas primitivas como retângulos, triângulos, cilindros, sendo sua criacao digital simples de ser executada. No entanto, com materiais vivos, tanto a caracterizacao do material quanto a criacao da geometria digital sao bem complexos, devido a variacao de suas propriedades, dano e cura, e seu formato irregular. Sendo assim, outra forma de se conhecer o material deve ser utilizada. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia basica para a determinacao das propriedades fisicas e parâmetros geometricos do tecido trabecular osseo a partir de imagens de micro tomografia. A micro tomografia e uma tecnica nao d...
The orthodontic treatment is largely used in clinical practice in our days. The clear understandi... more The orthodontic treatment is largely used in clinical practice in our days. The clear understanding of all the biological phenomena involved in tooth mobility, as a consequence of the orthodontic treatment and functional load, is necessary to achieve equilibrium in the stomatognatic system. In overall this biological process of adaptation there are several intervenient like teeth and alveolar bone but the periodontal ligament (PDL) plays an important key role. It is considered that bone remodelling process involves a mirostructural adaptation [5] and can be model using a mathematical formulation, based in the theory of thermodynanics with internal variables [1,7], is being used in the constitutive modeling of PDL. The internal variables are associated with both local loss and gain of stiffness. According to experimental results, strains in bone during physiological activities, related to orthodontic load, are very small. In that case the Helmholtz free energy can be assumed as a function of elastic strain tensor and internal variables. The Helmholtz free energy may consist of two parts: one mainly related to elastic strain but affected by loss and gain of stiffness, and other is the energy exclusively related to them. The state laws define the "forces" associated with the state variables (stresses and thermodynamical forces). A dissipation potential related to entropy production rate is expressed in terms of this loss and gain of strength conjugate forces [4,6]. The PDL can be assumed as been composed of two parts, one considered isotropic, that is composed by a matrix of connective tissue and another part, considered anisotropic that is composed by collagen fibres [2]. In this way, the behaviour of the PDL is time depending and also depends on the velocity rate of applied load. The proper choice of the mechanical properties and the constitutive model used to describe the response of the PDL such as the surrounding bone media, are important in dental mobility, and because it can gives the strain patterns inside the PDL, which are important to evaluate and identify the regions of remodelling processes in surrounding bone media.
A visualização da estrutura óssea de um paciente pode ser feita por diferentes métodos, tais como... more A visualização da estrutura óssea de um paciente pode ser feita por diferentes métodos, tais como: Raios-X, tomografia, micro-CT, etc. A partir de imagens obtidas com esses métodos, pode-se realizar diagnósticos clínicos de enfermidades ósseas como a osteoporose, por exemplo. Contudo, esses métodos qualitativos, que são comumente utilizados, limitam-se a experiência visual do ortopedista. Nenhum dado quantitativo é fornecido, a não ser que se faça uma análise computadorizada dessas imagens. Sabendo-se que a estrutura trabecular irregular pode ser caracterizada pela geometria fractal, é possível realizar uma análise geométrica de uma estrutura óssea de forma a quantificar as informações que podem ser obtidas por meio de uma imagem através de um modelo fractal. O objetivo inicial é buscar um método para extrair informações que possam quantificar grandezas matemáticas definidas no modelo fractal em função da área de observação, tais como: volume ósseo efetivo, variação do volume ósseo, variação da densidade óssea, taxa de perda óssea e taxa de remodelamento ósseo.