Miodrag Banjesevic - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Miodrag Banjesevic

Minerals, 2019

This study aims at better constraining the link between magmatism and metallogeny in the south-ea... more This study aims at better constraining the link between magmatism and metallogeny in the south-easternmost sector of the Bor Metallogenetic Zone (BMZ), where the world-class copper and gold deposit of Čukaru Peki was recently discovered. The obtained U/Pb zircon ages confirm the earlier knowledge that the major Cu–Au porphyry and epithermal mineralization in the BMZ is genetically related to the first volcanic phase (‘Timok andesite’; 85–90 Ma). However, the data also suggest that during this phase, two subgroups of andesite porphyry were formed; they are named volcanic phase 1A (V1A) and volcanic phase 1B (V1B). The V1A andesite (89–90 Ma) is plagioclase-hornblende phyric, holocrystalline and ubiquitously hydrothermally altered and/or mineralized, whereas the V1B (85–86 Ma) is hornblende-plagioclase phyric, holo- to hypocrystalline, fresh, and non-mineralized. According to our simplified model, the contrasting productivity of the V1A and V1B is explained by fluctuations during AFC ...

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2014

The Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) comprises the Serbian sector of the Carpathian-Balkan Arc of Lat... more The Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) comprises the Serbian sector of the Carpathian-Balkan Arc of Late Cretaceous calc-alkaline magmatism that extends for about 1500 km from Romania (Banat), through eastern Serbia (TMC) and into central Bulgaria (Srednogorie). The TMC is lens-shaped, about 85 km long and up to 25 km wide. The complex consists primarily of Turonian to Campanian andesites and trachyandesites (lavas, shallow intrusives and epiclastics), basaltic andesites, volcaniclastics and sediments. There are at least two phases of volcanism, and the volcanic processes were subaerial to submarine eruptive, hypabyssal intrusion, and very rarely explosive. Coupled porphyry and high sulphidation epithermal systems are associated with the first phase of andesite volcanism in the Bor district. The tectonic setting has been described as a back-arc basin, or pull-apart basin, developed on continental crust during subduction related to the convergence of the African plate toward Eurasia, and closure of the Neotethys ocean. The metallogenic endowment of the TMC is a significant contributor to that of the entire Tethyan Metallogenic Province. The world-class Bor and Majdenpek porphyry systems contribute to an estimated historical production of approximately 6 million tonnes of copper and 9.65 million ounces gold. The combined resources and reserves in the TMC are reported by the state-owned RTB Bor mining company to be a cumulative 2.5 billion tonnes, with total copper and gold metal content of 10.5 million tonnes and 11.7 million ounces respectively. Reservoir concluded an agreement in 2010 with Freeport McMoran Exploration Corp. (Freeport) to explore three exploration permits in the TMC for porphyry copper mineralisation. Conceptual studies together with CSAMT geophysics suggested the extension of structures under the Miocene sedimentary cover about 5-7 km south from the Bor porphyry district. The Čukaru Peki discovery was identified from high-grade drill intercepts including: 291.3m @ 7.17% CuEq (5.13% Cu, 3.4g/t Au) and 160m @ 10.16% CuEq (6.92% Cu and 5g/t Au). Continued drilling at Čukaru Peki area has returned mineralogy and alteration typical of both epithermal high sulphidation systems and porphyry style mineralization. High sulphidation copper-gold "massive sulphide" mineralization consists of covellite with bornite, enargite and chalcocite in zones, blebs, veins, hydrothermal breccias and replacements hosted by strongly altered (advance argillic and argillic) andesite. Porphyry style chalcopyrite-pyrite veins or blebs with rare molybdenite have been intersected in the deeper intervals, often with a later overprint of covellite with argillic alteration. New geological models prepared by Company geologists from the drilling announced to date will be discussed in the presentation.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 2001

Geološki anali Balkanskoga poluostrva, 2010

The Upper Cretaceous volcanо-sedimentary complex of the Carpatho-Balkanides belt spreads disconti... more The Upper Cretaceous volcanо-sedimentary complex of the Carpatho-Balkanides belt spreads discontinuously from the northern parts of the Apuseni Mountains and Banat in Romania, over Timok Krajina in eastern Serbia, down to Srednogorie and the Black Sea in Bulgaria. This zone is 1500 km long and 70 km wide. Further on, this complex continues over the Pontides (Turkey) down to the northern parts of Iran. This is the most important active mining area in Europe, belonging to the Tethyan Eurasian Metallogenic Belt (JANKOVIĆ 1977). More recently, this entire province was named the Banatitic Magmatic and Me-tallogenic Belt (abbreviated as BMMB, BERZA et al. 1998), or Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie Magmatic and Metallogenic Belt (abbreviated as ABTS, POPOV et al. 2002). BOCCALETTI et al. (1974) and AIELLO et al. (1977) consider Srednogorie in Bulgaria as a back-arc rift. Geodynamic and tectonic models have also been provided (

Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique, 2019

Lower-Middle Miocene sedimentary succession and the conformable/ unconformable relationships betw... more Lower-Middle Miocene sedimentary succession and the conformable/ unconformable relationships between the lacustrine-continental systems (i.e. DLS, SLS) and Badenian marine transgression represents one of the intrigue topics. Herein, we studied five exploration boreholes (eastern Serbia) and analyzed the main facies pattern, biostratigraphic characteristics of the Miocene succession, and applied the U-Pb radiometric dating of volcanic tuffs interstratified in the sedimentary series with coal layers (borehole NRKR- 17002). The obtained concordia age of 16.9 ?0.2 Ma for all the analysed zircon grains without any inherited cores indicate a single magmatic event. We definite the freshwater series originated during Early Miocene Karpatian (= late Burdigalian). Consequently, for the first time, we demonstrated that age of ? part of the Serbian Lake System (SLS) is much older than it was previous reported. In addition, sporadic findings of foraminifers, ostracods and molluscs documented the...

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 2021

With 15 figures and 4 tables

Geologia Croatica, 2016

The Bor metallogenic zone is one of the most important metallogenic units in the Republic of Serb... more The Bor metallogenic zone is one of the most important metallogenic units in the Republic of Serbia. Volcanic processes in this unit are characterized by the domination of extrusive volcanic activity, and the change of depositional environment during the numerous volcanic cycles, as well as facial transitions and huge deposition of syn-and post eruptive resedimented volcanoclastics. The predominant metals in the Bor metallogenic zone are copper and gold, accompanied by iron, base-metals, silver, molybdenum, and minor platinumgroup elements. The most prominent morphogenetic types of deposit comprise porphyry copper-gold, cupriferous pyrite, massive base-metal sulphides and hydrothermal veins, iron oxides skarns, carbonate replacement polymetallic deposits, volcanogenic epithermal gold mineralization of the high sulphidation type, and exceptionally rare clasts of copper sulphide ore mechanically accumulated in small sedimentary basins filled by pyroclastics. The total production of the Bor metallogenic zone since 1902 has been near 652 Mt of ore with 4.93 Mt of copper and 280 tons of gold. Mineral resources of the Bor metallogenic zone are estimated at over 20 millions of tons of copper and 1,000 tons of gold. The main geological characteristics of selected metallic mineral deposits in this area are described in this paper.

Mineralogy and Petrology, 2016

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer-Verlag Wie... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer-Verlag Wien. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 2014

The study reports new aeromagnetic and gravity data for the northern part of the Timok Magmatic C... more The study reports new aeromagnetic and gravity data for the northern part of the Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC), East Serbia. The TMC is part of the Tethyan Eurasian metallogenic zone well known for hosting large copper and gold deposits. The complex formed by continuous volcanic activity 90-78 Ma ago, that developed in roughly three phases: Turonian andesites, Santonian-Campanian andesites/basaltic andesites (both mostly volcanic) and Campanian latites/monzonites (mostly shallow intrusive). The aeromagnetic measurements included acquiring total magnetic intensity data that were corrected for diurnal variations, leveling, microleveling, calculated normal field values, calculated anomaly values of total magnetic field intensity and reduction to the pole. The gravity measurements were carried out in an irregular grid with relative gravity values obtained using a Worden gravity meter. 2D modeling reveals that the subsurface extension of the Campanian Valja Strž pluton is ten times larger than it is indicated by its surface outcrops. This implies that the area south and southeast from the pluton can be interesting in terms of finding new porphyry systems. The model indicates that this intrusive body should not be considered as a deeply dissected pluton. This sheds new light onto its potential with respect to epithermal gold mineralization, as well. The model also suggests that there are larger non-exposed bodies of Santonian-Campanian volcanics and near-surface hydrothermally altered rocks than it is inferred from geological maps. The results of our study suggest that further interdisciplinary investigations in the TMC, in particular those integrating geophysics and geology, may have potential of advancing the existing exploration models.

Abstract The vertical drill hole B2 deep 481 m was drilled in 1998 at the positive gravimetric an... more Abstract
The vertical drill hole B2 deep 481 m was drilled in 1998 at the positive gravimetric anomaly of the Čukaru Peki area, which indicated possible existence of blind high sulphiditaion. In the Čukaru Peki area Freeport McMoRan and Reservoir Minerals Inc, discovered high sulphidation and porphyry copper and gold mineralization in 2011. Bor Clastites are the youngest Upper Cretaceous creations at the eastern part of the TMC. They were formed during Campanian/Maastrichtian. They are the youngest part of the postmineralisation sedimentary package and they are younger than all magmatic processes in the TMC, Cu-Au ore bearings in Bor and new founded mineralisation at Čukaru Peki Bor Clastites of the drill hole B2 Čukaru Peki are built by pebbles of Upper Cretaceous volcanites and sediments originated from the TMC, pebbles of old metamorphic and igneous rocks, Paleozoic sediments, then Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous carbonate rocks that originated from the direct base of the TMC.

Abstract. The Upper Cretaceous Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) developed on a continental crust comp... more Abstract. The Upper Cretaceous Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) developed on a continental crust composed
of different types of Proterozoic to Lower Cretaceous rocks. The TMC consists of the magmatic suites:
Timok andesite (АТ) – Turonian–Santonian, Metovnica epiclastite (ЕМ) – Coniacian–Campanian, Osnić
basaltic andesite (АО) and Ježevica andesite (AJ) – Santonian–Campanian, Valja Strž plutonite (PVS) – Campanian
and Boljevac latite (LB). The sedimentary processes and volcanic activity of the TMC lasted nearly
continuously throughout nearly the whole Late Cretaceous. The sedimentation lasted from the Albian to the
Maastrichtian and the magmatism lasted for 10 million years, from the Upper Turonian to the Upper
Campanian. The volcanic front migrated from East to West. The volcanic processes were characterized by the
domination of extrusive volcanic facies, a great amount of volcanic material, a change in the depositional
environment during the volcanic cycle, sharp facial transitions and a huge deposition of syn- and post-eruptive
resedimented volcaniclastics.

Geoloski anali Balkanskog poluostrva, 2010

Abstract. The Upper Cretaceous Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) developed on a continental crust comp... more Abstract. The Upper Cretaceous Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) developed on a continental crust composed of different types of Proterozoic to Lower Cretaceous rocks. The TMC consists of the magmatic suites: Timok andesite (АТ) – Turonian–Santonian, Metovnica epiclastite (ЕМ) – Coniacian–Campanian, Osnić basaltic andesite (АО) and Ježevica andesite (AJ) – Santonian–Campanian, Valja Strž plutonite (PVS) – Campanian and Boljevac latite (LB). The sedimentary processes and volcanic activity of the TMC lasted nearly continuously throughout nearly the whole Late Cretaceous. The sedimentation lasted from the Albian to the Maastrichtian and the magmatism lasted for 10 million years, from the Upper Turonian to the Upper Campanian. The volcanic front migrated from East to West. The volcanic processes were characterized by the domination of extrusive volcanic facies, a great amount of volcanic material, a change in the depositional environment during the volcanic cycle, sharp facial transitions and a huge deposition of syn- and post-eruptive resedimented volcaniclastics.

Lithos, 2013

Timing, source and magmatic evolution of the intrusions in the Buchim-Damjan-Borov Dol ore distri... more Timing, source and magmatic evolution of the intrusions in the Buchim-Damjan-Borov Dol ore district of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.) have been studied. They intrude the Circum Rhodope Unit close to the contact with the Vardar Zone and are a part of the Late Eocene-Oligocene Macedonian Rhodope-North Aegean belt. The magmatism at Buchim-Damjan-Borov Dol occurred between 24.04 ± 0.77 and 24.51 ± 0.89 Ma, as indicated by chemical-annealing (CA)-LA ICP-MS zircon dating. Major element, trace and rare earth element analyses have been performed on the various intrusive rocks. All ore bearing magmas were classified as trachyandesitic, except the youngest intrusion which is not associated with mineralization; the Black Hill locality (24.04 ± 0.77 Ma) shows a trachytic composition. The distribution of the trace elements, enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE), indicates subduction-related magmatism; most of the magmas follow a calc-alkaline fractionation trend with shoshonitic affinities; additionally, Sr/Y (10 to 90) and La/Yb values show some similarities to adakite-like magmas. Sr and Nd isotope ratios (Sr i = 0.70658 to 0.70740 and Nd i = 0.512425-0.512497) show that the magmatic products were slightly contaminated by continental crust material, e.g., the Variscan/Cadomian basement. In the Late Eocene-Oligocene belt the magmatism between 29 and 35 Ma is dominated by crustal melting with an increase in the mantle contribution between 20 and 27 Ma. We suggest the following scenario for the magmatic history of the Buchim-Damjan-Borov Dol ore district: a slab rollback of an oceanic slab located further to the SW which led to extensional and compressional features in upper levels of the continental crust. In the middle to upper crust three consecutive crystallization stages occurred at variable depths as indicated by amphibole zonation. Mixing of newly formed crust with mantle-like affinities and continental crust material in variable degrees during the ascent of the magma can explain all geochemical characteristics. The magma crystallized as dykes or stocks near the Earth's surface (N 1k m )a f t e ri t sfinal emplacement and contemporaneous hydrothermal activity led to different mineralization styles depending on the lithology of the host rocks.

Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2014

The Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) comprises the Serbian sector of the Carpathian-Balkan Arc of Lat... more The Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) comprises the Serbian sector of the Carpathian-Balkan Arc of Late Cretaceous calc-alkaline magmatism that extends for about 1500 km from Romania (Banat), through eastern Serbia (TMC) and into central Bulgaria (Srednogorie). The TMC is lens-shaped, about 85 km long and up to 25 km wide. The complex consists primarily of Turonian to Campanian andesites and trachyandesites (lavas, shallow intrusives and epiclastics), basaltic andesites, volcaniclastics and sediments. There are at least two phases of volcanism, and the volcanic processes were subaerial to submarine eruptive, hypabyssal intrusion, and very rarely explosive. Coupled porphyry and high sulphidation epithermal systems are associated with the first phase of andesite volcanism in the Bor district. The tectonic setting has been described as a back-arc basin, or pull-apart basin, developed on continental crust during subduction related to the convergence of the African plate toward Eurasia, and closure of the Neotethys ocean. The metallogenic endowment of the TMC is a significant contributor to that of the entire Tethyan Metallogenic Province. The world-class Bor and Majdenpek porphyry systems contribute to an estimated historical production of approximately 6 million tonnes of copper and 9.65 million ounces gold. The combined resources and reserves in the TMC are reported by the state-owned RTB Bor mining company to be a cumulative 2.5 billion tonnes, with total copper and gold metal content of 10.5 million tonnes and 11.7 million ounces respectively. Reservoir concluded an agreement in 2010 with Freeport McMoran Exploration Corp. (Freeport) to explore three exploration permits in the TMC for porphyry copper mineralisation. Conceptual studies together with CSAMT geophysics suggested the extension of structures under the Miocene sedimentary cover about 5-7 km south from the Bor porphyry district. The Čukaru Peki discovery was identified from high-grade drill intercepts including: 291.3m @ 7.17% CuEq (5.13% Cu, 3.4g/t Au) and 160m @ 10.16% CuEq (6.92% Cu and 5g/t Au). Continued drilling at Čukaru Peki area has returned mineralogy and alteration typical of both epithermal high sulphidation systems and porphyry style mineralization. High sulphidation copper-gold "massive sulphide" mineralization consists of covellite with bornite, enargite and chalcocite in zones, blebs, veins, hydrothermal breccias and replacements hosted by strongly altered (advance argillic and argillic) andesite. Porphyry style chalcopyrite-pyrite veins or blebs with rare molybdenite have been intersected in the deeper intervals, often with a later overprint of covellite with argillic alteration. New geological models prepared by Company geologists from the drilling announced to date will be discussed in the presentation.

Tectonophysics, 2005

Alkali basalts were discovered in the Timok Magmatic Complex only in a borehole near Zlot. They a... more Alkali basalts were discovered in the Timok Magmatic Complex only in a borehole near Zlot. They are composed of plagioclase and clinopyroxene phenocrysts lying in intersertal to pilotaxitic groundmass. The characteristic feature of these rocks is the high content of needle shaped magnetite.Various disequilibrium features in alkali basalt of Zlot reflect complex convection effects and recharge, most probably in a

The Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie (ABTS) belt of extensive calc-alkaline magmatism and Cu-Au mi... more The Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie (ABTS) belt of extensive calc-alkaline magmatism and Cu-Au mineralization is related to the subduction of the Tethys ocean beneath the European continental margin during the late Cretaceous time. Major economic porphyry-style and high-sulphidation ore deposits are restricted to certain segments along the belt and are aligned on the Panagyurishte corridor (Central Srednogorie) in Bulgaria and the Timok region in Serbia. Present study reviews and compares the geology, geochemistry and geochronology of igneous events in these two regions and some features of the related Cu-Au mineralization. In the Central Srednogorie the U-Pb dating of zircons from subvolcanic intrusions and major plutons, supplemented by published Ar-Ar and Re-Os age data for the hydrothermal ore deposits reveal a general younging of magmatism from ca. 92 Ma in the north (Elatsite deposit) to ca. 78 Ma in the south (the barren Capitan Dimitrievo pluton). In Timok region the magmatism seems to start at 90-86.6 Ma (first phase) and to end with the intrusion of plutons about 82-78 Ma. Economic Cu-Au mineralizations in both sections are related to subvolcanic or volcanic suits and are dated in the range of 92 to 86 Ma in Bulgaria and mainly about 86-84 Ma in the Timok zone. Magmatism and ore formation in individual magmatic-hydrothermal complexes along the profiles are much shorter lived. The lack of mineralization in the time span 86-78 Ma might be explained with the more deeply eroded midcrustal plutons, while the hydrothermal deposits are linked with shallow intrusions. The age progression correlates in both profiles with an isotope-geochemical trend (Sr-Nd WR and Hf-zircon data) of decreasing crustal input into mantle-derived magmas. The age and geochemical trends are explained as a consequence of slab retreat during oblique subduction. Later on, trenchward the characteristics of the Cretaceous magmatism changed to more crustal influenced, which could be related to continent accretion from the south and the start of continent collision. In the Ridanj-Krepoljin Zone in Serbia subvolcanic dacites are dated at ∼70 Ma and in the Rhodopes granitoid plutons in Rila-West Rhodopes and in the Eastern Rhodopes (Chuchuliga and Rosino) revealed U-Pb zircon ages in the range 67-70 Ma. Contemporary the mineralization type changed from Cu-Au to Pb-Zn-Cu with lower ore grades than that of the Turonian-Coniacian deposits.

The Timok magmatic complex and the Ridanj-Krepoljin belt represent a part of the Carpatho-Balkan ... more The Timok magmatic complex and the Ridanj-Krepoljin belt represent a part of the Carpatho-Balkan Segment (CBS) of the "Tethyan Eurasian Metallogenic Belt" (TEMB) - a north-south elongated structure of Cretaceous-Tertiary magmatic activity. It can be traced from the Apuseni Mountains to the west to Iran to the east (Jankovic, 1976 and 1977). A great number of important ore-deposits (mainly Cu-Au-Mo,

Minerals, 2019

This study aims at better constraining the link between magmatism and metallogeny in the south-ea... more This study aims at better constraining the link between magmatism and metallogeny in the south-easternmost sector of the Bor Metallogenetic Zone (BMZ), where the world-class copper and gold deposit of Čukaru Peki was recently discovered. The obtained U/Pb zircon ages confirm the earlier knowledge that the major Cu–Au porphyry and epithermal mineralization in the BMZ is genetically related to the first volcanic phase (‘Timok andesite’; 85–90 Ma). However, the data also suggest that during this phase, two subgroups of andesite porphyry were formed; they are named volcanic phase 1A (V1A) and volcanic phase 1B (V1B). The V1A andesite (89–90 Ma) is plagioclase-hornblende phyric, holocrystalline and ubiquitously hydrothermally altered and/or mineralized, whereas the V1B (85–86 Ma) is hornblende-plagioclase phyric, holo- to hypocrystalline, fresh, and non-mineralized. According to our simplified model, the contrasting productivity of the V1A and V1B is explained by fluctuations during AFC ...

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2014

The Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) comprises the Serbian sector of the Carpathian-Balkan Arc of Lat... more The Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) comprises the Serbian sector of the Carpathian-Balkan Arc of Late Cretaceous calc-alkaline magmatism that extends for about 1500 km from Romania (Banat), through eastern Serbia (TMC) and into central Bulgaria (Srednogorie). The TMC is lens-shaped, about 85 km long and up to 25 km wide. The complex consists primarily of Turonian to Campanian andesites and trachyandesites (lavas, shallow intrusives and epiclastics), basaltic andesites, volcaniclastics and sediments. There are at least two phases of volcanism, and the volcanic processes were subaerial to submarine eruptive, hypabyssal intrusion, and very rarely explosive. Coupled porphyry and high sulphidation epithermal systems are associated with the first phase of andesite volcanism in the Bor district. The tectonic setting has been described as a back-arc basin, or pull-apart basin, developed on continental crust during subduction related to the convergence of the African plate toward Eurasia, and closure of the Neotethys ocean. The metallogenic endowment of the TMC is a significant contributor to that of the entire Tethyan Metallogenic Province. The world-class Bor and Majdenpek porphyry systems contribute to an estimated historical production of approximately 6 million tonnes of copper and 9.65 million ounces gold. The combined resources and reserves in the TMC are reported by the state-owned RTB Bor mining company to be a cumulative 2.5 billion tonnes, with total copper and gold metal content of 10.5 million tonnes and 11.7 million ounces respectively. Reservoir concluded an agreement in 2010 with Freeport McMoran Exploration Corp. (Freeport) to explore three exploration permits in the TMC for porphyry copper mineralisation. Conceptual studies together with CSAMT geophysics suggested the extension of structures under the Miocene sedimentary cover about 5-7 km south from the Bor porphyry district. The Čukaru Peki discovery was identified from high-grade drill intercepts including: 291.3m @ 7.17% CuEq (5.13% Cu, 3.4g/t Au) and 160m @ 10.16% CuEq (6.92% Cu and 5g/t Au). Continued drilling at Čukaru Peki area has returned mineralogy and alteration typical of both epithermal high sulphidation systems and porphyry style mineralization. High sulphidation copper-gold "massive sulphide" mineralization consists of covellite with bornite, enargite and chalcocite in zones, blebs, veins, hydrothermal breccias and replacements hosted by strongly altered (advance argillic and argillic) andesite. Porphyry style chalcopyrite-pyrite veins or blebs with rare molybdenite have been intersected in the deeper intervals, often with a later overprint of covellite with argillic alteration. New geological models prepared by Company geologists from the drilling announced to date will be discussed in the presentation.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 2001

Geološki anali Balkanskoga poluostrva, 2010

The Upper Cretaceous volcanо-sedimentary complex of the Carpatho-Balkanides belt spreads disconti... more The Upper Cretaceous volcanо-sedimentary complex of the Carpatho-Balkanides belt spreads discontinuously from the northern parts of the Apuseni Mountains and Banat in Romania, over Timok Krajina in eastern Serbia, down to Srednogorie and the Black Sea in Bulgaria. This zone is 1500 km long and 70 km wide. Further on, this complex continues over the Pontides (Turkey) down to the northern parts of Iran. This is the most important active mining area in Europe, belonging to the Tethyan Eurasian Metallogenic Belt (JANKOVIĆ 1977). More recently, this entire province was named the Banatitic Magmatic and Me-tallogenic Belt (abbreviated as BMMB, BERZA et al. 1998), or Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie Magmatic and Metallogenic Belt (abbreviated as ABTS, POPOV et al. 2002). BOCCALETTI et al. (1974) and AIELLO et al. (1977) consider Srednogorie in Bulgaria as a back-arc rift. Geodynamic and tectonic models have also been provided (

Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique, 2019

Lower-Middle Miocene sedimentary succession and the conformable/ unconformable relationships betw... more Lower-Middle Miocene sedimentary succession and the conformable/ unconformable relationships between the lacustrine-continental systems (i.e. DLS, SLS) and Badenian marine transgression represents one of the intrigue topics. Herein, we studied five exploration boreholes (eastern Serbia) and analyzed the main facies pattern, biostratigraphic characteristics of the Miocene succession, and applied the U-Pb radiometric dating of volcanic tuffs interstratified in the sedimentary series with coal layers (borehole NRKR- 17002). The obtained concordia age of 16.9 ?0.2 Ma for all the analysed zircon grains without any inherited cores indicate a single magmatic event. We definite the freshwater series originated during Early Miocene Karpatian (= late Burdigalian). Consequently, for the first time, we demonstrated that age of ? part of the Serbian Lake System (SLS) is much older than it was previous reported. In addition, sporadic findings of foraminifers, ostracods and molluscs documented the...

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 2021

With 15 figures and 4 tables

Geologia Croatica, 2016

The Bor metallogenic zone is one of the most important metallogenic units in the Republic of Serb... more The Bor metallogenic zone is one of the most important metallogenic units in the Republic of Serbia. Volcanic processes in this unit are characterized by the domination of extrusive volcanic activity, and the change of depositional environment during the numerous volcanic cycles, as well as facial transitions and huge deposition of syn-and post eruptive resedimented volcanoclastics. The predominant metals in the Bor metallogenic zone are copper and gold, accompanied by iron, base-metals, silver, molybdenum, and minor platinumgroup elements. The most prominent morphogenetic types of deposit comprise porphyry copper-gold, cupriferous pyrite, massive base-metal sulphides and hydrothermal veins, iron oxides skarns, carbonate replacement polymetallic deposits, volcanogenic epithermal gold mineralization of the high sulphidation type, and exceptionally rare clasts of copper sulphide ore mechanically accumulated in small sedimentary basins filled by pyroclastics. The total production of the Bor metallogenic zone since 1902 has been near 652 Mt of ore with 4.93 Mt of copper and 280 tons of gold. Mineral resources of the Bor metallogenic zone are estimated at over 20 millions of tons of copper and 1,000 tons of gold. The main geological characteristics of selected metallic mineral deposits in this area are described in this paper.

Mineralogy and Petrology, 2016

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer-Verlag Wie... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer-Verlag Wien. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 2014

The study reports new aeromagnetic and gravity data for the northern part of the Timok Magmatic C... more The study reports new aeromagnetic and gravity data for the northern part of the Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC), East Serbia. The TMC is part of the Tethyan Eurasian metallogenic zone well known for hosting large copper and gold deposits. The complex formed by continuous volcanic activity 90-78 Ma ago, that developed in roughly three phases: Turonian andesites, Santonian-Campanian andesites/basaltic andesites (both mostly volcanic) and Campanian latites/monzonites (mostly shallow intrusive). The aeromagnetic measurements included acquiring total magnetic intensity data that were corrected for diurnal variations, leveling, microleveling, calculated normal field values, calculated anomaly values of total magnetic field intensity and reduction to the pole. The gravity measurements were carried out in an irregular grid with relative gravity values obtained using a Worden gravity meter. 2D modeling reveals that the subsurface extension of the Campanian Valja Strž pluton is ten times larger than it is indicated by its surface outcrops. This implies that the area south and southeast from the pluton can be interesting in terms of finding new porphyry systems. The model indicates that this intrusive body should not be considered as a deeply dissected pluton. This sheds new light onto its potential with respect to epithermal gold mineralization, as well. The model also suggests that there are larger non-exposed bodies of Santonian-Campanian volcanics and near-surface hydrothermally altered rocks than it is inferred from geological maps. The results of our study suggest that further interdisciplinary investigations in the TMC, in particular those integrating geophysics and geology, may have potential of advancing the existing exploration models.

Abstract The vertical drill hole B2 deep 481 m was drilled in 1998 at the positive gravimetric an... more Abstract
The vertical drill hole B2 deep 481 m was drilled in 1998 at the positive gravimetric anomaly of the Čukaru Peki area, which indicated possible existence of blind high sulphiditaion. In the Čukaru Peki area Freeport McMoRan and Reservoir Minerals Inc, discovered high sulphidation and porphyry copper and gold mineralization in 2011. Bor Clastites are the youngest Upper Cretaceous creations at the eastern part of the TMC. They were formed during Campanian/Maastrichtian. They are the youngest part of the postmineralisation sedimentary package and they are younger than all magmatic processes in the TMC, Cu-Au ore bearings in Bor and new founded mineralisation at Čukaru Peki Bor Clastites of the drill hole B2 Čukaru Peki are built by pebbles of Upper Cretaceous volcanites and sediments originated from the TMC, pebbles of old metamorphic and igneous rocks, Paleozoic sediments, then Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous carbonate rocks that originated from the direct base of the TMC.

Abstract. The Upper Cretaceous Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) developed on a continental crust comp... more Abstract. The Upper Cretaceous Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) developed on a continental crust composed
of different types of Proterozoic to Lower Cretaceous rocks. The TMC consists of the magmatic suites:
Timok andesite (АТ) – Turonian–Santonian, Metovnica epiclastite (ЕМ) – Coniacian–Campanian, Osnić
basaltic andesite (АО) and Ježevica andesite (AJ) – Santonian–Campanian, Valja Strž plutonite (PVS) – Campanian
and Boljevac latite (LB). The sedimentary processes and volcanic activity of the TMC lasted nearly
continuously throughout nearly the whole Late Cretaceous. The sedimentation lasted from the Albian to the
Maastrichtian and the magmatism lasted for 10 million years, from the Upper Turonian to the Upper
Campanian. The volcanic front migrated from East to West. The volcanic processes were characterized by the
domination of extrusive volcanic facies, a great amount of volcanic material, a change in the depositional
environment during the volcanic cycle, sharp facial transitions and a huge deposition of syn- and post-eruptive
resedimented volcaniclastics.

Geoloski anali Balkanskog poluostrva, 2010

Abstract. The Upper Cretaceous Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) developed on a continental crust comp... more Abstract. The Upper Cretaceous Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) developed on a continental crust composed of different types of Proterozoic to Lower Cretaceous rocks. The TMC consists of the magmatic suites: Timok andesite (АТ) – Turonian–Santonian, Metovnica epiclastite (ЕМ) – Coniacian–Campanian, Osnić basaltic andesite (АО) and Ježevica andesite (AJ) – Santonian–Campanian, Valja Strž plutonite (PVS) – Campanian and Boljevac latite (LB). The sedimentary processes and volcanic activity of the TMC lasted nearly continuously throughout nearly the whole Late Cretaceous. The sedimentation lasted from the Albian to the Maastrichtian and the magmatism lasted for 10 million years, from the Upper Turonian to the Upper Campanian. The volcanic front migrated from East to West. The volcanic processes were characterized by the domination of extrusive volcanic facies, a great amount of volcanic material, a change in the depositional environment during the volcanic cycle, sharp facial transitions and a huge deposition of syn- and post-eruptive resedimented volcaniclastics.

Lithos, 2013

Timing, source and magmatic evolution of the intrusions in the Buchim-Damjan-Borov Dol ore distri... more Timing, source and magmatic evolution of the intrusions in the Buchim-Damjan-Borov Dol ore district of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.) have been studied. They intrude the Circum Rhodope Unit close to the contact with the Vardar Zone and are a part of the Late Eocene-Oligocene Macedonian Rhodope-North Aegean belt. The magmatism at Buchim-Damjan-Borov Dol occurred between 24.04 ± 0.77 and 24.51 ± 0.89 Ma, as indicated by chemical-annealing (CA)-LA ICP-MS zircon dating. Major element, trace and rare earth element analyses have been performed on the various intrusive rocks. All ore bearing magmas were classified as trachyandesitic, except the youngest intrusion which is not associated with mineralization; the Black Hill locality (24.04 ± 0.77 Ma) shows a trachytic composition. The distribution of the trace elements, enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE), indicates subduction-related magmatism; most of the magmas follow a calc-alkaline fractionation trend with shoshonitic affinities; additionally, Sr/Y (10 to 90) and La/Yb values show some similarities to adakite-like magmas. Sr and Nd isotope ratios (Sr i = 0.70658 to 0.70740 and Nd i = 0.512425-0.512497) show that the magmatic products were slightly contaminated by continental crust material, e.g., the Variscan/Cadomian basement. In the Late Eocene-Oligocene belt the magmatism between 29 and 35 Ma is dominated by crustal melting with an increase in the mantle contribution between 20 and 27 Ma. We suggest the following scenario for the magmatic history of the Buchim-Damjan-Borov Dol ore district: a slab rollback of an oceanic slab located further to the SW which led to extensional and compressional features in upper levels of the continental crust. In the middle to upper crust three consecutive crystallization stages occurred at variable depths as indicated by amphibole zonation. Mixing of newly formed crust with mantle-like affinities and continental crust material in variable degrees during the ascent of the magma can explain all geochemical characteristics. The magma crystallized as dykes or stocks near the Earth's surface (N 1k m )a f t e ri t sfinal emplacement and contemporaneous hydrothermal activity led to different mineralization styles depending on the lithology of the host rocks.

Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2014

The Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) comprises the Serbian sector of the Carpathian-Balkan Arc of Lat... more The Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC) comprises the Serbian sector of the Carpathian-Balkan Arc of Late Cretaceous calc-alkaline magmatism that extends for about 1500 km from Romania (Banat), through eastern Serbia (TMC) and into central Bulgaria (Srednogorie). The TMC is lens-shaped, about 85 km long and up to 25 km wide. The complex consists primarily of Turonian to Campanian andesites and trachyandesites (lavas, shallow intrusives and epiclastics), basaltic andesites, volcaniclastics and sediments. There are at least two phases of volcanism, and the volcanic processes were subaerial to submarine eruptive, hypabyssal intrusion, and very rarely explosive. Coupled porphyry and high sulphidation epithermal systems are associated with the first phase of andesite volcanism in the Bor district. The tectonic setting has been described as a back-arc basin, or pull-apart basin, developed on continental crust during subduction related to the convergence of the African plate toward Eurasia, and closure of the Neotethys ocean. The metallogenic endowment of the TMC is a significant contributor to that of the entire Tethyan Metallogenic Province. The world-class Bor and Majdenpek porphyry systems contribute to an estimated historical production of approximately 6 million tonnes of copper and 9.65 million ounces gold. The combined resources and reserves in the TMC are reported by the state-owned RTB Bor mining company to be a cumulative 2.5 billion tonnes, with total copper and gold metal content of 10.5 million tonnes and 11.7 million ounces respectively. Reservoir concluded an agreement in 2010 with Freeport McMoran Exploration Corp. (Freeport) to explore three exploration permits in the TMC for porphyry copper mineralisation. Conceptual studies together with CSAMT geophysics suggested the extension of structures under the Miocene sedimentary cover about 5-7 km south from the Bor porphyry district. The Čukaru Peki discovery was identified from high-grade drill intercepts including: 291.3m @ 7.17% CuEq (5.13% Cu, 3.4g/t Au) and 160m @ 10.16% CuEq (6.92% Cu and 5g/t Au). Continued drilling at Čukaru Peki area has returned mineralogy and alteration typical of both epithermal high sulphidation systems and porphyry style mineralization. High sulphidation copper-gold "massive sulphide" mineralization consists of covellite with bornite, enargite and chalcocite in zones, blebs, veins, hydrothermal breccias and replacements hosted by strongly altered (advance argillic and argillic) andesite. Porphyry style chalcopyrite-pyrite veins or blebs with rare molybdenite have been intersected in the deeper intervals, often with a later overprint of covellite with argillic alteration. New geological models prepared by Company geologists from the drilling announced to date will be discussed in the presentation.

Tectonophysics, 2005

Alkali basalts were discovered in the Timok Magmatic Complex only in a borehole near Zlot. They a... more Alkali basalts were discovered in the Timok Magmatic Complex only in a borehole near Zlot. They are composed of plagioclase and clinopyroxene phenocrysts lying in intersertal to pilotaxitic groundmass. The characteristic feature of these rocks is the high content of needle shaped magnetite.Various disequilibrium features in alkali basalt of Zlot reflect complex convection effects and recharge, most probably in a

The Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie (ABTS) belt of extensive calc-alkaline magmatism and Cu-Au mi... more The Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie (ABTS) belt of extensive calc-alkaline magmatism and Cu-Au mineralization is related to the subduction of the Tethys ocean beneath the European continental margin during the late Cretaceous time. Major economic porphyry-style and high-sulphidation ore deposits are restricted to certain segments along the belt and are aligned on the Panagyurishte corridor (Central Srednogorie) in Bulgaria and the Timok region in Serbia. Present study reviews and compares the geology, geochemistry and geochronology of igneous events in these two regions and some features of the related Cu-Au mineralization. In the Central Srednogorie the U-Pb dating of zircons from subvolcanic intrusions and major plutons, supplemented by published Ar-Ar and Re-Os age data for the hydrothermal ore deposits reveal a general younging of magmatism from ca. 92 Ma in the north (Elatsite deposit) to ca. 78 Ma in the south (the barren Capitan Dimitrievo pluton). In Timok region the magmatism seems to start at 90-86.6 Ma (first phase) and to end with the intrusion of plutons about 82-78 Ma. Economic Cu-Au mineralizations in both sections are related to subvolcanic or volcanic suits and are dated in the range of 92 to 86 Ma in Bulgaria and mainly about 86-84 Ma in the Timok zone. Magmatism and ore formation in individual magmatic-hydrothermal complexes along the profiles are much shorter lived. The lack of mineralization in the time span 86-78 Ma might be explained with the more deeply eroded midcrustal plutons, while the hydrothermal deposits are linked with shallow intrusions. The age progression correlates in both profiles with an isotope-geochemical trend (Sr-Nd WR and Hf-zircon data) of decreasing crustal input into mantle-derived magmas. The age and geochemical trends are explained as a consequence of slab retreat during oblique subduction. Later on, trenchward the characteristics of the Cretaceous magmatism changed to more crustal influenced, which could be related to continent accretion from the south and the start of continent collision. In the Ridanj-Krepoljin Zone in Serbia subvolcanic dacites are dated at ∼70 Ma and in the Rhodopes granitoid plutons in Rila-West Rhodopes and in the Eastern Rhodopes (Chuchuliga and Rosino) revealed U-Pb zircon ages in the range 67-70 Ma. Contemporary the mineralization type changed from Cu-Au to Pb-Zn-Cu with lower ore grades than that of the Turonian-Coniacian deposits.

The Timok magmatic complex and the Ridanj-Krepoljin belt represent a part of the Carpatho-Balkan ... more The Timok magmatic complex and the Ridanj-Krepoljin belt represent a part of the Carpatho-Balkan Segment (CBS) of the "Tethyan Eurasian Metallogenic Belt" (TEMB) - a north-south elongated structure of Cretaceous-Tertiary magmatic activity. It can be traced from the Apuseni Mountains to the west to Iran to the east (Jankovic, 1976 and 1977). A great number of important ore-deposits (mainly Cu-Au-Mo,