Miroslaw Witos - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Miroslaw Witos

Research paper thumbnail of EXPERT SYSTEM TO SUPPORT OPERATIONAL SAFETY OF THE TS-11 " ISKRA " AIRCRAFT AND OVERHAULS OF THE SO-3 ENGINES

The paper has been intended to introduce the Tip Timing Method (TTM) to monitor rotating blades i... more The paper has been intended to introduce the Tip Timing Method (TTM) to monitor rotating blades in an aircraft compressor, that was implemented in Poland: in maintenance of the TS-11 " Iskra " aircraft in 1993 and in the SO-3 engine overhaul technology in 1997. The scope of research performed before the implementation of TTM and its advisory expert-software have been outlined. On the base of conducted experimental research, it has been confirmed that computer-based system to support operational safety of the TS-11 " Iskra " aircraft and overhauls of engines SO-3 has enabled to actively control a process of material fatigue. As a result of reason identification of fatigue problems, flight safety of the TS-11 " Iskra " aircraft was improved and the following problems were eliminated from operational use: a fatigue problem with I stage rotor blades in compressors and instable operation of the SO-3 engines. Unconscious human errors were also eliminated and technical culture of maintenance and overhauls of the SO-3 engines was improved. Reasons for other technical problems with the SO-3 engines were reliably determined. Presented topic has been illustrated by means of many practical examples.

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Research paper thumbnail of IT SUPPORT OF NDE AND SHM WITH APPLICATION OF THE METAL MAGNETIC MEMORY METHOD

The paper has been intended to introduce a complex research problem, that is present in aviation,... more The paper has been intended to introduce a complex research problem, that is present in aviation, power engineering, mining and transport, with regard to assurance of operational safety for ageing technology, which is exposed to different form of material degradation. Theoretical reasons of active control of material fatigue and selection of reliable state observer have been outlined. The Metal Magnetic Memory Method (MMM) and the scope of scientific research, that are conducted in polish scientific centers in order to confirm and extend its operational possibilities to diagnose early stages of progressive material degradation, have also been presented. Taking the MMM Method into account, IT support of non-destructive testing has been considered with particular interest in the necessity of objective quality assessment and reliability of non-destructive testing performed by external companies (outsourcing). The presented topic has been illustrated by means of practical examples regarding problems in aviation, power engineering, mining and transport.

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Research paper thumbnail of DIAGNOSTICS OF DEGRADATIVE CHANGES IN PARAMAGNETIC ALLOYS WITH THE USE OF LOW FREQUENCY IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY

In the article theoretical bases of the low frequency impedance spectroscopy method and possibili... more In the article theoretical bases of the low frequency impedance spectroscopy method and possibilities of its use in the diagnostics of paramagnetic alloys used in aeronautics are explained. The main focus is put on description of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the material, eddy currents excited in the material (carrier of diagnostic data), modelling of the material and a given diagnostic problem with an equivalent RLC circuit, method of exciting and observation of eddy currents and bases of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the test signal. The knowledge necessary to consciously use eddy currents in NDT and SHM tests directed on the identification of an early phase of material degradation (the phase preceding an open crack) is also of particular importance in the article. The applied measurement instrumentation and sample results of in-house and other research centres' tests are presented. The in-house tests were performed on objects made of the ASTM 289 class C austenitic steel and ALSi13Mg1CuNi aluminium alloy and on paramagnetic materials used in transport and power industry, whose values of magnetic susceptibility are similar, but their composition, microstructure and other mechanisms of the early phase of fatigue degradation are different. Taking them as an example, the need of taking into consideration the specificity of aeronautical materials and diagnostic problem being solved by the selection of the frequency of electromagnetic radiation, methodology applied in preparation of test methods and diagnostic criteria is highlighted.

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Research paper thumbnail of PIRE 2014: Prace badawczo-rozwojowe metody magnetycznej pamięci metalu (Research and development of the metal magnetic memory method)

Theoretical background of the metal magnetic memory method has been presented in the paper. Moreo... more Theoretical background of the metal magnetic memory method has been presented in the paper. Moreover, the scope of research and development, which are conducted in polish scientific centers in order to verify, confirm this non-destructive method and extend its operational abilities on diagnosing of progressive metal degradation, has been also described. Presented topic has been illustrated by means of examples regarding problems of polish power industry.

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Research paper thumbnail of Prace badawczo-rozwojowe metody magnetycznej pamięci metalu (Research and development of the metal magnetic memory method)

Theoretical background of the metal magnetic memory method has been presented in the paper. Moreo... more Theoretical background of the metal magnetic memory method has been presented in the paper. Moreover, the scope of research and development, which are conducted in polish scientific centers in order to verify, confirm this non-destructive method and extend its operational abilities on diagnosing of progressive metal degradation, has been also described. Presented topic has been illustrated by means of examples regarding problems of polish power industry.

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Research paper thumbnail of High Sensitive Methods for Health Monitoring of Compressor Blades and Fatigue Detection

The Scientific World Journal, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Studies on Magnetic and Mechanical Properties in Plastically Deformed Ferromagnetic Steels

The paper investigates the impact of the degree of plastic strain on the value of hardness HV5 an... more The paper investigates the impact of the degree of plastic strain on the value of hardness HV5 and on the values which describe the Barkhausen noise and the residual magnetic field (RMF) quantitatively. Test were performed on plastically deformed samples with a noticeable local narrowing - a neck. An analysis was carried out of the possibility of developing diagnostic relations that would allow an evaluation of mechanical quantities by means of magnetic characteristics, It is found that the differences in the degree of plastic deformation are well reflected by hardness values, the energy of Barkhausen noise, the number of counts and the gradients of the RMF components. The sensitivity of these diagnostic signals is similar. It is possible to develop quantitative diagnostic relations that could be used to evaluate the degree of plastic deformation based on the quantities mentioned above as well as dependences to determine other mechanical properties by means of magnetic measurements.

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Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosis of supporting structures of HV lines with using of the passive magnetic observer

An idea for using magneto-mechanical effects and passive magnetic observer to reduce the risk of ... more An idea for using magneto-mechanical effects and passive magnetic observer to reduce the risk of high voltage (HV) lines blackout has been presented in the paper. In theoretical considerations, relations between microstructure, mechanical parameters and magnetic parameters have been also elaborated. Relations between magnetic parameters (M, Hc, Br, μr, max, μi) and microstructure parameters have been applied for the passive magnetic observer (for NDE&SHM applications). The capabilities of the passive magnetic observer, e.g. the metal magnetic memory method (MMM), have been illustrated in examples. Additionally, MMM method has been verified and the potential for reliable diagnosis of the supporting structures of HV lines has been confirmed.

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Research paper thumbnail of Monitorowanie stanu technicznego wału maszyny wyciągowej (Structural Health Monitoring of Hoisting Machine Shaft)

The paper concerns the idea of passive observer of magnetic field and magneto–mechanical effects ... more The paper concerns the idea of passive observer of magnetic field and magneto–mechanical effects for contactless monitoring of mining machines critical elements. The diagnostic problem, theoretical basis of magneto–mechanical effects taking into account the influence of electric engine magnetic field, the MMM method and expected diagnostic symptoms are discussed on the on the example of windlass shaft. There are presented measurement circuit and preliminary results of experimental research that proved possibility of contactless observation of windlass shaft technical state in the course of well exploitation. It was demonstrated that MMM data analysis should be supported by numerical simulation of magnetic field expected distribution near high–power electric engine. On the basis of correlation between measurement data and results of numerical simulations it is possible to obtain complex knowledge concerning dynamic phenomena, such as quality of engine control, vibrations of ropes, sh...

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Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosis of Supporting Structures of HV Lines Using Magneto-Mechanical Effects

Solid State Phenomena, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Diagnozowanie konstrukcji wsporczych linii WN z wykorzystaniem efektów magneto-mechanicznych

The paper presents the concept of the use of magneto-mechanical effects in preventive actions to ... more The paper presents the concept of the use of magneto-mechanical effects in preventive actions to reduce the risk of an extensive power failure (black-out) on the lines of high voltage (HV). This subject matter refers to the event which took place on 8th of April 2008, when about 600 thousand recipients from 18 cities in the North-West region of Poland were power deprived. This incident was the source of millions of losses in the national economy. The theoretical considerations presents the idea of diagnosing the technical condition and effort stage of steel power poles by the method of metal magnetic memory (MMM). The method is supported by methodology for obtaining the reference signal from the magnetic field. Possibilities of MMM method are illustrated with examples from the active and passive experiment. The summary indicates the need for IT support of MMM data analysis by a 3D model of the expected distribution of the magnetic field near the object.

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Research paper thumbnail of System informatycznego wsparcia Lotnictwa Sił Zbrojnych RP (IT Support for aviation of Armed Forces od Republic of Poland)

The paper has been intended to introduce an IT system to support aviation of Armed Forces od Repu... more The paper has been intended to introduce an IT system to support aviation of Armed Forces od Republic of Poland, that is based on complementary IT subsystems: SOWA, SPŁ-2b, SAN/SAMANTA BIS, SIWES F-16 and TURAWA. Above-mentioned software, that has been developed as independent IT tools, is fully interoperable. They provide complex support in the following functional areas: a process of training of flying and maintenance staff, active control of material fatigue, management of operational use and maintenance of military aircraft, logistic support (management of the supply system, management of stocks and storehouse) and flight safety management. An effect of synergy has been presented – accomplishment of maximum results from multidirectional IT support of aviation of Armed Forces of Republic of Poland is just possible after considering complementary information from above-mentioned subsystems. The presented topic has been illustrated by means of practical examples.

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Research paper thumbnail of Komputerowe wsparcie badań nieniszczących i monitorowania konstrukcji na przykładzie metody MPM (IT support of non-destructive testing and structural health monitoring with application of the MetalMagnetic Memory (MMM) Method)

The paper has been intended to introduce a complex research problem, that is present in power eng... more The paper has been intended to introduce a complex research problem, that is present in power engineering, mining and transport, with regard to assurance of operational safety for ageing technology, which is exposed to different form of material degradation. Theoretical reasons of active control of material fatigue and selection of reliable state observer have been outlined. The Metal Magnetic Memory (MMM) Method and the scope of scientific research, that are conducted in polish scientific centers in order to confirm and extend its operational possibilities to diagnose early stages of progressive material degradation, have also been presented. Taking the MMM Method into account, IT support of non-destructive testing has been considered with particular interest in the necessity of objective quality assessment and reliability of non-destructive testing performed by external companies (outsourcing). The presented topic has been illustrated by means of practical examples regarding problems in power engineering, mining and transport.

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Research paper thumbnail of Komputerowy system wsparcia bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji samolotów TS-11 „Iskra“ i remontu silników typu SO-3 (Computer-based system to support operational safety of the TS-11 “Iskra” aircraft and overhauls of the SO-3 engines)

The paper has been intended to introduce the Tip Timing Method (TTM) to monitor rotating blades i... more The paper has been intended to introduce the Tip Timing Method (TTM) to monitor rotating blades in an aircraft compressor, that was implemented in Poland: in maintenance of the TS-11 “Iskra” aircraft in 1993 and in the SO-3 engine overhaul technology in 1997. The scope of research performed before the implementation of TTM and its advisory expert-software have been outlined. On the base of conducted experimental research, it has been confirmed that computer-based system to support operational safety of the TS-11 “Iskra” aircraft and overhauls of engines SO-3 has enabled to actively control a process of material fatigue. As a result of reason identification of fatigue problems, flight safety of the TS-11 “Iskra” aircraft was improved and the following problems were eliminated from operational use: a fatigue problem with I stage rotor blades in compressors and instable operation of the SO-3 engines. Unconscious human errors were also eliminated and technical culture of maintenance and overhauls of the SO-3 engines was improved. Reasons for other technical problems with the SO-3 engines were reliably determined. Presented topic has been illustrated by means of many practical examples.

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Research paper thumbnail of Examination of Technical Gear with the Help of Magnetic Passive Observer Status

11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT 2014)

The paper deals with the examination of magnetization of the existing gear to detect unknown hist... more The paper deals with the examination of magnetization of the existing gear to detect unknown history of the effort of teeth and recognize their health/maintenance status. Discussed topics are based on the observation that:
1. Highly loaded gears are usually made of ferromagnetic materials, which are reversible and irreversible magneto-mechanical effects;
2. The microstructure and the current dislocation density strongly affect the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic material.
The expected typical symptoms of diagnosing damages to gears are material changes in the distribution of magnetization induced during the operation of the transmission in the weak magnetic field of the Earth and the accompanying changes in the distribution of the magnetic field in the close to the test object under examination. The paper presents the theory that underlies the idea of the status observer and exemplary results of diagnosing industrial and aircraft gears. The main differences of studied objects are geometric features gears and position of the test object with respect to the external magnetic field of the Earth. To observe the distribution of the magnetic field applied cheap uni-, di-, and triaxial magnetometers (magnetic passive status observer).

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Research paper thumbnail of Examination of Technical Gear with the Help of Magnetic Passive Observer Status

11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT 2014), Oct 6, 2014

The paper deals with the examination of magnetization of the existing gear to detect unknown hist... more The paper deals with the examination of magnetization of the existing gear to detect unknown history of the effort of teeth and recognize their health/maintenance status. Discussed topics are based on the observation that:
1. Highly loaded gears are usually made of ferromagnetic materials, which are reversible and irreversible magneto-mechanical effects;
2. The microstructure and the current dislocation density strongly affect the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic material.
The expected typical symptoms of diagnosing damages to gears are material changes in the distribution of magnetization induced during the operation of the transmission in the weak magnetic field of the Earth and the accompanying changes in the distribution of the magnetic field in the close to the test object under examination. The paper presents the theory that underlies the idea of the status observer and exemplary results of diagnosing industrial and aircraft gears. The main differences of studied objects are geometric features gears and position of the test object with respect to the external magnetic field of the Earth. To observe the distribution of the magnetic field applied cheap uni-, di-, and triaxial magnetometers (magnetic passive status observer).

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Research paper thumbnail of Magneto-Mechanical Effects in NDE & SHM Applications

Solid State Phenomena Vols. 220-221 (2015) pp 544-549, Sep 2014

The paper presents the theoretical and experimental results from evaluating the early phase of ma... more The paper presents the theoretical and experimental results from evaluating the early phase of material fatigue and discusses the issues concerning the example of two object classes:supporting structures and shaft working under real environmental conditions. In theoretical
considerations, the Hall-Petch and Bailey-Hirsch relationships between microstructure and mechanical parameters are given. Magneto-mechanical effects and the magnetic passive observer
have been used for evaluating the early phase of material fatigue. The Metal Magnetic Memory method of structural health assessment was verified and the potential for a reliable diagnosis of damage to the ferromagnetic material at the 1st and 2nd stage was confirmed.

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Research paper thumbnail of PASSIVE MAGNETIC OBSERVER IN NDE & SHM APPLICATIONS

7th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Jul 8, 2014

The paper concerns about the idea of passive magnetic observer and magnetomechanical effects (rev... more The paper concerns about the idea of passive magnetic observer and magnetomechanical effects (reversible and irreversible) to non-destructive testing and monitoring of critical elements (NDE&SHM). The diagnostic task is regarding as the fast identification of overload elements, which have not broken, cracked or deformed yet (detect 1st and 2nd stage of damage). Theoretical and experimental results from evaluating the early phase of the material fatigue have been presented. Issues have
been discussed on two examples (classes of diagnosis task for passive magnetic observer):
a) testing object is located only in the Earth’s magnetic field;
b) testing object is located in the Earth’s magnetic field and low alternating electromagnetic field.

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Research paper thumbnail of Turbine Engine Health/Maintenance Status Monitoring with Use of Phase-Discrete Method of Blade Vibration Monitoring

RTO-MP-AVT-121 on 'Evaluation, Control and Prevention of High Cycle Fatigue in Gas Turbine Engines for Land, Sea and Air Vehicles', Oct 3, 2005

The intended aim of the paper was to present a short review of more than 12 years of experience o... more The intended aim of the paper was to present a short review of more than 12 years of experience of ITWL in the field of applying the signal of actual rotational speed (aperiodic and oscillation components thereof) to the expert diagnosing of aero-engines, including identification of high-cycle fatigue (HCF) of critical structural members. What has been presented is some essential metrological bearings of the non-contact technique of measuring the engine’s rpm with some flexible key phasors (i.e. vibrating compressor/turbine blades). Also, methods of numerical analysis of measuring signals, in use nowadays, have been discussed. With the jet engine of the SO-3 type (in use on the TS-11 “Iskra” combat trainer) as an example, are discussed algorithms of both the identification of disadvantageous aeromechanical effects (energy state of the engine - i.e. the source of accelerated HCF wear of structural components) and the early detection of symptoms of fatigue failures to compressor blades and the bearing system. The discussed problems have been illustrated with examples selected as to emphasise practicalities of applying a new source of diagnostic information to ‘actively’ control the process of fatigue wear (HCF + LCF) of engine components and to forecast the engine health/maintenance status.

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Research paper thumbnail of On the Modal Analysis of a Cracking Compressor Blade

Research Works of Air Force Institute of Technology, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of EXPERT SYSTEM TO SUPPORT OPERATIONAL SAFETY OF THE TS-11 " ISKRA " AIRCRAFT AND OVERHAULS OF THE SO-3 ENGINES

The paper has been intended to introduce the Tip Timing Method (TTM) to monitor rotating blades i... more The paper has been intended to introduce the Tip Timing Method (TTM) to monitor rotating blades in an aircraft compressor, that was implemented in Poland: in maintenance of the TS-11 " Iskra " aircraft in 1993 and in the SO-3 engine overhaul technology in 1997. The scope of research performed before the implementation of TTM and its advisory expert-software have been outlined. On the base of conducted experimental research, it has been confirmed that computer-based system to support operational safety of the TS-11 " Iskra " aircraft and overhauls of engines SO-3 has enabled to actively control a process of material fatigue. As a result of reason identification of fatigue problems, flight safety of the TS-11 " Iskra " aircraft was improved and the following problems were eliminated from operational use: a fatigue problem with I stage rotor blades in compressors and instable operation of the SO-3 engines. Unconscious human errors were also eliminated and technical culture of maintenance and overhauls of the SO-3 engines was improved. Reasons for other technical problems with the SO-3 engines were reliably determined. Presented topic has been illustrated by means of many practical examples.

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Research paper thumbnail of IT SUPPORT OF NDE AND SHM WITH APPLICATION OF THE METAL MAGNETIC MEMORY METHOD

The paper has been intended to introduce a complex research problem, that is present in aviation,... more The paper has been intended to introduce a complex research problem, that is present in aviation, power engineering, mining and transport, with regard to assurance of operational safety for ageing technology, which is exposed to different form of material degradation. Theoretical reasons of active control of material fatigue and selection of reliable state observer have been outlined. The Metal Magnetic Memory Method (MMM) and the scope of scientific research, that are conducted in polish scientific centers in order to confirm and extend its operational possibilities to diagnose early stages of progressive material degradation, have also been presented. Taking the MMM Method into account, IT support of non-destructive testing has been considered with particular interest in the necessity of objective quality assessment and reliability of non-destructive testing performed by external companies (outsourcing). The presented topic has been illustrated by means of practical examples regarding problems in aviation, power engineering, mining and transport.

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Research paper thumbnail of DIAGNOSTICS OF DEGRADATIVE CHANGES IN PARAMAGNETIC ALLOYS WITH THE USE OF LOW FREQUENCY IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY

In the article theoretical bases of the low frequency impedance spectroscopy method and possibili... more In the article theoretical bases of the low frequency impedance spectroscopy method and possibilities of its use in the diagnostics of paramagnetic alloys used in aeronautics are explained. The main focus is put on description of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the material, eddy currents excited in the material (carrier of diagnostic data), modelling of the material and a given diagnostic problem with an equivalent RLC circuit, method of exciting and observation of eddy currents and bases of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the test signal. The knowledge necessary to consciously use eddy currents in NDT and SHM tests directed on the identification of an early phase of material degradation (the phase preceding an open crack) is also of particular importance in the article. The applied measurement instrumentation and sample results of in-house and other research centres' tests are presented. The in-house tests were performed on objects made of the ASTM 289 class C austenitic steel and ALSi13Mg1CuNi aluminium alloy and on paramagnetic materials used in transport and power industry, whose values of magnetic susceptibility are similar, but their composition, microstructure and other mechanisms of the early phase of fatigue degradation are different. Taking them as an example, the need of taking into consideration the specificity of aeronautical materials and diagnostic problem being solved by the selection of the frequency of electromagnetic radiation, methodology applied in preparation of test methods and diagnostic criteria is highlighted.

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Research paper thumbnail of PIRE 2014: Prace badawczo-rozwojowe metody magnetycznej pamięci metalu (Research and development of the metal magnetic memory method)

Theoretical background of the metal magnetic memory method has been presented in the paper. Moreo... more Theoretical background of the metal magnetic memory method has been presented in the paper. Moreover, the scope of research and development, which are conducted in polish scientific centers in order to verify, confirm this non-destructive method and extend its operational abilities on diagnosing of progressive metal degradation, has been also described. Presented topic has been illustrated by means of examples regarding problems of polish power industry.

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Research paper thumbnail of Prace badawczo-rozwojowe metody magnetycznej pamięci metalu (Research and development of the metal magnetic memory method)

Theoretical background of the metal magnetic memory method has been presented in the paper. Moreo... more Theoretical background of the metal magnetic memory method has been presented in the paper. Moreover, the scope of research and development, which are conducted in polish scientific centers in order to verify, confirm this non-destructive method and extend its operational abilities on diagnosing of progressive metal degradation, has been also described. Presented topic has been illustrated by means of examples regarding problems of polish power industry.

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Research paper thumbnail of High Sensitive Methods for Health Monitoring of Compressor Blades and Fatigue Detection

The Scientific World Journal, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Studies on Magnetic and Mechanical Properties in Plastically Deformed Ferromagnetic Steels

The paper investigates the impact of the degree of plastic strain on the value of hardness HV5 an... more The paper investigates the impact of the degree of plastic strain on the value of hardness HV5 and on the values which describe the Barkhausen noise and the residual magnetic field (RMF) quantitatively. Test were performed on plastically deformed samples with a noticeable local narrowing - a neck. An analysis was carried out of the possibility of developing diagnostic relations that would allow an evaluation of mechanical quantities by means of magnetic characteristics, It is found that the differences in the degree of plastic deformation are well reflected by hardness values, the energy of Barkhausen noise, the number of counts and the gradients of the RMF components. The sensitivity of these diagnostic signals is similar. It is possible to develop quantitative diagnostic relations that could be used to evaluate the degree of plastic deformation based on the quantities mentioned above as well as dependences to determine other mechanical properties by means of magnetic measurements.

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Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosis of supporting structures of HV lines with using of the passive magnetic observer

An idea for using magneto-mechanical effects and passive magnetic observer to reduce the risk of ... more An idea for using magneto-mechanical effects and passive magnetic observer to reduce the risk of high voltage (HV) lines blackout has been presented in the paper. In theoretical considerations, relations between microstructure, mechanical parameters and magnetic parameters have been also elaborated. Relations between magnetic parameters (M, Hc, Br, μr, max, μi) and microstructure parameters have been applied for the passive magnetic observer (for NDE&SHM applications). The capabilities of the passive magnetic observer, e.g. the metal magnetic memory method (MMM), have been illustrated in examples. Additionally, MMM method has been verified and the potential for reliable diagnosis of the supporting structures of HV lines has been confirmed.

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Research paper thumbnail of Monitorowanie stanu technicznego wału maszyny wyciągowej (Structural Health Monitoring of Hoisting Machine Shaft)

The paper concerns the idea of passive observer of magnetic field and magneto–mechanical effects ... more The paper concerns the idea of passive observer of magnetic field and magneto–mechanical effects for contactless monitoring of mining machines critical elements. The diagnostic problem, theoretical basis of magneto–mechanical effects taking into account the influence of electric engine magnetic field, the MMM method and expected diagnostic symptoms are discussed on the on the example of windlass shaft. There are presented measurement circuit and preliminary results of experimental research that proved possibility of contactless observation of windlass shaft technical state in the course of well exploitation. It was demonstrated that MMM data analysis should be supported by numerical simulation of magnetic field expected distribution near high–power electric engine. On the basis of correlation between measurement data and results of numerical simulations it is possible to obtain complex knowledge concerning dynamic phenomena, such as quality of engine control, vibrations of ropes, sh...

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Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosis of Supporting Structures of HV Lines Using Magneto-Mechanical Effects

Solid State Phenomena, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Diagnozowanie konstrukcji wsporczych linii WN z wykorzystaniem efektów magneto-mechanicznych

The paper presents the concept of the use of magneto-mechanical effects in preventive actions to ... more The paper presents the concept of the use of magneto-mechanical effects in preventive actions to reduce the risk of an extensive power failure (black-out) on the lines of high voltage (HV). This subject matter refers to the event which took place on 8th of April 2008, when about 600 thousand recipients from 18 cities in the North-West region of Poland were power deprived. This incident was the source of millions of losses in the national economy. The theoretical considerations presents the idea of diagnosing the technical condition and effort stage of steel power poles by the method of metal magnetic memory (MMM). The method is supported by methodology for obtaining the reference signal from the magnetic field. Possibilities of MMM method are illustrated with examples from the active and passive experiment. The summary indicates the need for IT support of MMM data analysis by a 3D model of the expected distribution of the magnetic field near the object.

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Research paper thumbnail of System informatycznego wsparcia Lotnictwa Sił Zbrojnych RP (IT Support for aviation of Armed Forces od Republic of Poland)

The paper has been intended to introduce an IT system to support aviation of Armed Forces od Repu... more The paper has been intended to introduce an IT system to support aviation of Armed Forces od Republic of Poland, that is based on complementary IT subsystems: SOWA, SPŁ-2b, SAN/SAMANTA BIS, SIWES F-16 and TURAWA. Above-mentioned software, that has been developed as independent IT tools, is fully interoperable. They provide complex support in the following functional areas: a process of training of flying and maintenance staff, active control of material fatigue, management of operational use and maintenance of military aircraft, logistic support (management of the supply system, management of stocks and storehouse) and flight safety management. An effect of synergy has been presented – accomplishment of maximum results from multidirectional IT support of aviation of Armed Forces of Republic of Poland is just possible after considering complementary information from above-mentioned subsystems. The presented topic has been illustrated by means of practical examples.

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Research paper thumbnail of Komputerowe wsparcie badań nieniszczących i monitorowania konstrukcji na przykładzie metody MPM (IT support of non-destructive testing and structural health monitoring with application of the MetalMagnetic Memory (MMM) Method)

The paper has been intended to introduce a complex research problem, that is present in power eng... more The paper has been intended to introduce a complex research problem, that is present in power engineering, mining and transport, with regard to assurance of operational safety for ageing technology, which is exposed to different form of material degradation. Theoretical reasons of active control of material fatigue and selection of reliable state observer have been outlined. The Metal Magnetic Memory (MMM) Method and the scope of scientific research, that are conducted in polish scientific centers in order to confirm and extend its operational possibilities to diagnose early stages of progressive material degradation, have also been presented. Taking the MMM Method into account, IT support of non-destructive testing has been considered with particular interest in the necessity of objective quality assessment and reliability of non-destructive testing performed by external companies (outsourcing). The presented topic has been illustrated by means of practical examples regarding problems in power engineering, mining and transport.

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Research paper thumbnail of Komputerowy system wsparcia bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji samolotów TS-11 „Iskra“ i remontu silników typu SO-3 (Computer-based system to support operational safety of the TS-11 “Iskra” aircraft and overhauls of the SO-3 engines)

The paper has been intended to introduce the Tip Timing Method (TTM) to monitor rotating blades i... more The paper has been intended to introduce the Tip Timing Method (TTM) to monitor rotating blades in an aircraft compressor, that was implemented in Poland: in maintenance of the TS-11 “Iskra” aircraft in 1993 and in the SO-3 engine overhaul technology in 1997. The scope of research performed before the implementation of TTM and its advisory expert-software have been outlined. On the base of conducted experimental research, it has been confirmed that computer-based system to support operational safety of the TS-11 “Iskra” aircraft and overhauls of engines SO-3 has enabled to actively control a process of material fatigue. As a result of reason identification of fatigue problems, flight safety of the TS-11 “Iskra” aircraft was improved and the following problems were eliminated from operational use: a fatigue problem with I stage rotor blades in compressors and instable operation of the SO-3 engines. Unconscious human errors were also eliminated and technical culture of maintenance and overhauls of the SO-3 engines was improved. Reasons for other technical problems with the SO-3 engines were reliably determined. Presented topic has been illustrated by means of many practical examples.

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Research paper thumbnail of Examination of Technical Gear with the Help of Magnetic Passive Observer Status

11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT 2014)

The paper deals with the examination of magnetization of the existing gear to detect unknown hist... more The paper deals with the examination of magnetization of the existing gear to detect unknown history of the effort of teeth and recognize their health/maintenance status. Discussed topics are based on the observation that:
1. Highly loaded gears are usually made of ferromagnetic materials, which are reversible and irreversible magneto-mechanical effects;
2. The microstructure and the current dislocation density strongly affect the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic material.
The expected typical symptoms of diagnosing damages to gears are material changes in the distribution of magnetization induced during the operation of the transmission in the weak magnetic field of the Earth and the accompanying changes in the distribution of the magnetic field in the close to the test object under examination. The paper presents the theory that underlies the idea of the status observer and exemplary results of diagnosing industrial and aircraft gears. The main differences of studied objects are geometric features gears and position of the test object with respect to the external magnetic field of the Earth. To observe the distribution of the magnetic field applied cheap uni-, di-, and triaxial magnetometers (magnetic passive status observer).

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Research paper thumbnail of Examination of Technical Gear with the Help of Magnetic Passive Observer Status

11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT 2014), Oct 6, 2014

The paper deals with the examination of magnetization of the existing gear to detect unknown hist... more The paper deals with the examination of magnetization of the existing gear to detect unknown history of the effort of teeth and recognize their health/maintenance status. Discussed topics are based on the observation that:
1. Highly loaded gears are usually made of ferromagnetic materials, which are reversible and irreversible magneto-mechanical effects;
2. The microstructure and the current dislocation density strongly affect the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic material.
The expected typical symptoms of diagnosing damages to gears are material changes in the distribution of magnetization induced during the operation of the transmission in the weak magnetic field of the Earth and the accompanying changes in the distribution of the magnetic field in the close to the test object under examination. The paper presents the theory that underlies the idea of the status observer and exemplary results of diagnosing industrial and aircraft gears. The main differences of studied objects are geometric features gears and position of the test object with respect to the external magnetic field of the Earth. To observe the distribution of the magnetic field applied cheap uni-, di-, and triaxial magnetometers (magnetic passive status observer).

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Research paper thumbnail of Magneto-Mechanical Effects in NDE & SHM Applications

Solid State Phenomena Vols. 220-221 (2015) pp 544-549, Sep 2014

The paper presents the theoretical and experimental results from evaluating the early phase of ma... more The paper presents the theoretical and experimental results from evaluating the early phase of material fatigue and discusses the issues concerning the example of two object classes:supporting structures and shaft working under real environmental conditions. In theoretical
considerations, the Hall-Petch and Bailey-Hirsch relationships between microstructure and mechanical parameters are given. Magneto-mechanical effects and the magnetic passive observer
have been used for evaluating the early phase of material fatigue. The Metal Magnetic Memory method of structural health assessment was verified and the potential for a reliable diagnosis of damage to the ferromagnetic material at the 1st and 2nd stage was confirmed.

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Research paper thumbnail of PASSIVE MAGNETIC OBSERVER IN NDE & SHM APPLICATIONS

7th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Jul 8, 2014

The paper concerns about the idea of passive magnetic observer and magnetomechanical effects (rev... more The paper concerns about the idea of passive magnetic observer and magnetomechanical effects (reversible and irreversible) to non-destructive testing and monitoring of critical elements (NDE&SHM). The diagnostic task is regarding as the fast identification of overload elements, which have not broken, cracked or deformed yet (detect 1st and 2nd stage of damage). Theoretical and experimental results from evaluating the early phase of the material fatigue have been presented. Issues have
been discussed on two examples (classes of diagnosis task for passive magnetic observer):
a) testing object is located only in the Earth’s magnetic field;
b) testing object is located in the Earth’s magnetic field and low alternating electromagnetic field.

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Research paper thumbnail of Turbine Engine Health/Maintenance Status Monitoring with Use of Phase-Discrete Method of Blade Vibration Monitoring

RTO-MP-AVT-121 on 'Evaluation, Control and Prevention of High Cycle Fatigue in Gas Turbine Engines for Land, Sea and Air Vehicles', Oct 3, 2005

The intended aim of the paper was to present a short review of more than 12 years of experience o... more The intended aim of the paper was to present a short review of more than 12 years of experience of ITWL in the field of applying the signal of actual rotational speed (aperiodic and oscillation components thereof) to the expert diagnosing of aero-engines, including identification of high-cycle fatigue (HCF) of critical structural members. What has been presented is some essential metrological bearings of the non-contact technique of measuring the engine’s rpm with some flexible key phasors (i.e. vibrating compressor/turbine blades). Also, methods of numerical analysis of measuring signals, in use nowadays, have been discussed. With the jet engine of the SO-3 type (in use on the TS-11 “Iskra” combat trainer) as an example, are discussed algorithms of both the identification of disadvantageous aeromechanical effects (energy state of the engine - i.e. the source of accelerated HCF wear of structural components) and the early detection of symptoms of fatigue failures to compressor blades and the bearing system. The discussed problems have been illustrated with examples selected as to emphasise practicalities of applying a new source of diagnostic information to ‘actively’ control the process of fatigue wear (HCF + LCF) of engine components and to forecast the engine health/maintenance status.

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Research paper thumbnail of On the Modal Analysis of a Cracking Compressor Blade

Research Works of Air Force Institute of Technology, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of Zwiększenie żywotności silników turbinowych poprzez aktywne diagnozowanie i sterowanie (Increasing the durability of turbine engines through active diagnostics and control)

Diagnosing the health of turbine aircraft engines is a form of preventive activity which is aimed... more Diagnosing the health of turbine aircraft engines is a form of preventive activity which is aimed at, among others, for the early detection of safety hazards in aircraft operation.
The subject literature presents several methods and techniques of performing diagnostic research, including measurement signal analysis algorithms and automated diagnostic reasoning. Only some of these methods have been implemented into operation, demonstrating a sufficient detection sensitivity of diagnostic symptoms encountered in actual service conditions, as well as demonstrating a sufficient resistance to the scatter of structural properties, and also to the influence of human error. These aspects are frequently neglected in theoretical considerations.
Most of the implemented diagnostic methods are focused only on the detection of a problem narrow in scope, most often related to the actual technical condition of critical components. Such manner of action, typical for the Non Destructive Inspection methods, is a form of “passive” anticipation of the effects of the monitored fatigue process, without recognizing its underlying causes. Such a diagnostic approach reduces the risk of an air accident, but also increases the costs borne by the operator.
In order to simultaneously reduce the risk of material fatigue, as well as the costs of preventive testing and research, author has proposed a new diagnostic approach. Its essence is the detection of causes of accelerated fatigue, as well as the active control of material fatigue. Author has shown that material fatigue is an anthropotechnical process, therefore it is possible to control the intensity of adverse dynamic phenomena - still at the stage of reversible changes.
The novel concept of fatigue control has been presented and based on the example of steel and titanium compressor blades of the SO-3 and TW3-117 engines and utilizing the author’s over 15 year-long experience gained in cooperating with the military operator of aircraft engines and with the repair facilities. In analyzing the problem, the author took into account the existing aircraft engine maintenance systems, and has showcased typical fatigue cases, observed in military as well as civil aviation.
In his theoretical considerations the author included the bimodal description of the fatigue curve, as well as the phenomenon of gigacycle fatigue (Very High Cycle Fatigue
- VHCF). In the paper, author described the idea of an innovative approach to the problem of fatigue, identified the research requirements, and also defined three research tasks, which include early detection of fatigue risks in compressor blades during operation and overhaul, as well as a complex engine diagnostics system based on a single state observer. Author has selected and verified three research methods needed for carrying out these tasks: Metal Magnetic Memory (MPM), Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) and rotating blades-based engine monitoring (TTM), for which methods he provided a theoretical description, and also presented the accompanying physical phenomena. Based on a number of passive and active experiments performed on statistically reliable population of engines, the author has presented a practical ability of implementing the concept of active fatigue control.
The EMA and TTM methods have been introduced in Poland for the overhaul and maintenance technology of aircraft engines.

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Research paper thumbnail of Structural Health Monitoring of Turbomachinery Using of TOA Signal and Expert Software

The presentation portrays a holistic approach to fatigue prevention of turbomachines, based on: 1... more The presentation portrays a holistic approach to fatigue prevention of turbomachines, based on: 1) rotating state observer of e.g. compressor or turbine blades; 2) tip timing method of indirect, contactless vibration measurement of rotating elements; 3) theoretical basics of sensor working; 4) expert analysis of measurement signal taking into consideration the modal characteristics of rotating state observer, spectra of monitored dynamic phenomena and characteristics of measurement chain; 5) a proactive intervention of the user in fatigue processes – by optimization of operation process of a turbomachine on the basis of the results of diagnostic tests, before damage occurs. The discussed subject matter was illustrated with examples of aviation engines, steam turbines, as well as industrial fans. Upon above 20 years of operational experience in the aviation of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland were proved both the purposefulness of a complex analysis of time of arrival (TOA) measurement signal and user intervention in fatigue processes arising out of human mistakes occurring during production, repair, operations, staff training and aviation supervision and user intervention on the stage preceding a fatigue cracking. The obtained results confirmed the purposefulness of using data from structural health monitoring (SHM) to interfere in fatigue processes taking place in antropotechnical device under testing (DUT, in the machine and its environment).

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