Tulika Mishra - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tulika Mishra

Frontiers in Genetics, Jan 16, 2024

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Piper betle L. (synonym: Piper betel Blanco), or betel vine, an economically and medicinally impo... more Piper betle L. (synonym: Piper betel Blanco), or betel vine, an economically and medicinally important cash crop, belongs to the family Piperaceae, often known as the green gold. The plant can be found all over the world and is cultivatedprimarily in South East Asian countries for its beautiful glossy heart‐shaped leaves, which are chewed or consumed as betelquidand widely used in Chinese and Indian folk medicine, as carminative, stimulant,astringent, against parasitic worms, conjunctivitis, rheumatism, wound, etc., andis also used for religious purposes. Hydroxychavicol is the most important bioactive compound among the wide range of phytoconstituents found in essential oil and extracts. The pharmacological attributes of P. betle are antiproliferation, anticancer, neuropharmacological, analgesic, antioxidant, antiulcerogenic, hepatoprotective, antifertility, antibacterial, antifungal and many more. Immense attention has been paid to nanoformulations and their applications. The appl...

Frontiers in genetics, Jan 30, 2024

International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2016

Plant secondary metabolites are unique source for pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavours, and ... more Plant secondary metabolites are unique source for pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavours, and industrially important bio-chemicals. Environmental factors viz., temperature, humidity, light intensity, water, minerals and CO2 influence the growth of a plant and secondary metabolite production. Climate change is causing noticeable effects on the life cycles and distribution of the world’s vegetation, including wild medicinal plants. These metabolites have shown potential in treating various ailments as these plants based drugs would be cost effective due to its abundance and temperamentally quite suiting to millions of our masses, as these plants and their remedies are in use from ancient times. A need for research to improve our understanding of climatic effects on medicinal plants is stressed in the present article. An attempt is being made here to review the influence of abiotic factors and future strategies for research on secondary metabolite production. The research on medicin...

Journal of Krishi Vigyan, 2012

An experiment was conducted to evaluate five varieties of Kiwi viz. Allison, Bruno, Hayward, Mont... more An experiment was conducted to evaluate five varieties of Kiwi viz. Allison, Bruno, Hayward, Monty and Abbott at Dirang, Bomdila and Salari areas under the district in the year 2011-12. 50 per cent leafing was observed after 87, 72, 78, 82,83 days in Abbott, Bruno, Monty, Hayward and Allison varieties respectively after pruning in the first day of February. The 50 per cent flowering was observed in Bruno in 42 days and the Hayward taking the longest time of 46 days. Bruno and Abbott varieties took 14 days to fruit set after flowering while minimum days for fruit set (13 days) was recorded in Allison. The maximum number of fruits per variety, average weight of fruits, fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per ha, highest T.S.S. were recorded in Allison variety. Higher fruit diameter and maturity days were observed in Bruno. Highest fruit length was recorded in Hayward variety. The higher score for appearance, taste, flavour and over all acceptability was accorded to Allison followed by Hayward. Thus, on the basis of yield, taste, flavour and overall acceptability, Allison is the best under West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh, India.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011

Ziziphus mauritiana(Lamk.) is a fruit tree that has folkloric implications against many ailments ... more Ziziphus mauritiana(Lamk.) is a fruit tree that has folkloric implications against many ailments and diseases. In the present study, anticancer potential of seed extract ofZiziphus mauritiana in vitroagainst different cell lines (HL-60, Molt-4, HeLa, and normal cell line HGF) by MTT assay as well asin vivoagainst Ehrich ascites carcinoma bearing Swiss albino mice was investigated. The extract was found to markedly inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells. Annexin and PI binding of treated HL-60 cells indicated apoptosis induction by extract in a dose-dependent manner. The cell cycle analysis revealed a prominent increase in sub Go population at concentration of 20 μg/ml and above. Agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells after 3 h incubation with extract. The extract also exhibited potent anticancer potentialin vivo. Treatment of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing Swiss albino mice with varied doses (100–800 mg/kg b.wt.) of plant extract significantly re...

Frontiers in Genetics

Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in our understanding the phytohormones, c... more Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in our understanding the phytohormones, cytokinin’s (CKs) biosynthesis, perception, and signalling pathways. Additionally, it became apparent that interfering with any of these steps has a significant effect on all stages of plant growth and development. As a result of their complex regulatory and cross-talk interactions with other hormones and signalling networks, they influence and control a wide range of biological activities, from cellular to organismal levels. In agriculture, CKs are extensively used for yield improvement and management because of their wide-ranging effects on plant growth, development and physiology. One of the primary targets in this regard is cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKO/CKX), which is encoded by CKX gene, which catalyses the irreversible degradation of cytokinin. The previous studies on various agronomically important crops indicated that plant breeders have targeted CKX directly. In recent yea...

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2022

Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight, aliphatic compounds with wide as well as co... more Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight, aliphatic compounds with wide as well as complex application in fundamental areas of plant growth and development. PAs are mediator of basic metabolism of organisms which include cell division and differentiation, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, reversal of oxidative damage, stabilization of nucleic acids, and protein and phospholipid binding. In plants, it attributes in direct and indirect organogenesis, endogenous phytohormone regulation, cellular compartmentalization, fruit and flower development, senescence, and secondary metabolite production which are highly tuned as first line of defense response. There are several aspects of polyamine-directed mechanism that regulate overall plant growth in vitro and in vivo. In the present review, we have critically discussed the role played by polyamine on the enhanced production of bioactive natural products and how the same polyamines are functioning against different environmental stress conditions, i.e., salinity, drought, high CO2 content, herbivory, and physical wounding. The role of polyamines on elicitation process has been highlighted previously, but it is important to note that its activity as growth regulator under in vitro condition is correlated with an array of intertwined mechanism and physiological tuning. Medicinal plants under different developmental stages of micropropagation are characterized with different functional aspects and regulatory changes during embryogenesis and organogenesis. The effect of precursor molecules as well as additives and biosynthetic inhibitors of polyamines in rhizogenesis, callogenesis, tuberization, embryogenesis, callus formation, and metabolite production has been discussed thoroughly. The beneficial effect of exogenous application of PAs in elicitation of secondary metabolite production, plant growth and morphogenesis and overall stress tolerance are summarized in this present work. KEY POINTS: • Polyamines (PAs) play crucial roles in in vitro organogenesis. • PAs elicitate bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs). • Transgenic studies elucidate and optimize PA biosynthetic genes coding SMs.

Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, 2011

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the potent health-beneficial properties of the seeds of t... more Publisher Summary This chapter examines the potent health-beneficial properties of the seeds of the Malay apple. As a rich source of many compounds like ascorbic acid, riboflavin, alkaloids, glycoside, saponins, and triterpenoic acid, the malay apple is used in the prevention and cure of many diseases. The seeds of Ziziphus species possess anxiolytic and sedative activities. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the oleamide component of the Ziziphus jujube seed extract may help patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. They are also known to suppress the central nervous system, resulting in reduced anxiety and the induction of sleep. The flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids present in seeds can also be used for sedation. Seed extract may also have applications in the treatment of tuberculosis, cancer, and AIDS, as alterations to TH-1-mediated immunity are implicated in these diseases. Ziziphus seeds are also rich in saponins, known to bind cholesterol. These compounds are widely used for cholesterol control. It contains the valuable phytocompound betulinic acid, which may be useful in new drug designs. This adaptable plant has a wide range of potential economic roles, such as bee-keeping, fodder, or fuel.

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 2009

The antioxidant activity within the body has been well correlated with the body's defense mechani... more The antioxidant activity within the body has been well correlated with the body's defense mechanism against toxic free radicals. Alcohol ingestion increases the generation of free radicals. The present study was conducted to assess antioxidant potential of seed extract of Ziziphus mauritiana, which was standardized with HPLC. DPPH assay and Fenton reaction system was applied to assess free radical scavenging potential. The Swiss albino mice were used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of extract on oxidative stress induced by alcohol. The animals were treated with graded doses of extract (100-400 mg/kg body weight) before the administration of alcohol. After 6 weeks animals were sacrificed and their livers were assessed for catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and lipid peroxidation. The results indicated that the extract of Ziziphus mauritiana potentially scavenged the free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. The pretreatment of animals with Ziziphus mauritiana extract inhibited lipid peroxidation significantly, and increased the levels of reduced glutathione, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase in all extract treated groups (p<0.05) as compared to alcohol treated groups. The plant provides protection against the induction of oxidative stress by alcohol either by converting free radicals into stable products or by strengthening the antioxidant system.

Frontiers in Genetics

More than a half-century has passed since it was discovered that phytohormone cytokinin (CK) is e... more More than a half-century has passed since it was discovered that phytohormone cytokinin (CK) is essential to drive cytokinesis and proliferation in plant tissue culture. Thereafter, cytokinin has emerged as the primary regulator of the plant cell cycle and numerous developmental processes. Lately, a growing body of evidence suggests that cytokinin has a role in mitigating both abiotic and biotic stress. Cytokinin is essential to defend plants against excessive light exposure and a unique kind of abiotic stress generated by an altered photoperiod. Secondly, cytokinin also exhibits multi-stress resilience under changing environments. Furthermore, cytokinin homeostasis is also affected by several forms of stress. Therefore, the diverse roles of cytokinin in reaction to stress, as well as its interactions with other hormones, are discussed in detail. When it comes to agriculture, understanding the functioning processes of cytokinins under changing environmental conditions can assist in ...

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2022

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. or water hyssop commonly known as "Brahmi" is a small, cre... more Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. or water hyssop commonly known as "Brahmi" is a small, creeping, succulent herb from the Plantaginaceae family. It is popularly employed in Ayurvedic medicine as a nerve tonic to improve memory and cognition. Of late, this plant has been reported extensively for its pharmacologically active phyto-constituents. The main phytochemicals are brahmine, alkaloids, herpestine, and saponins. The saponins include bacoside A, bacoside B, and betulic acid. Investigation into the pharmacological effect of this plant has thrived lately, encouraging its neuroprotective and memory supporting capacity among others. Besides, it possesses many other therapeutic activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective properties, etc. Because of its multipurpose therapeutic potential, it is overexploited owing to the prioritization of natural remedies over conventional ones, which compels us to conserve them. B. monnieri is confronting the danger of extinction from its natural habitat as it is a major cultivated medico-botanical and seed propagation is restricted due to less seed availability and viability. The ever-increasing demand for the plant can be dealt with mass propagation through plant tissue culture strategy. Micropropagation utilizing axillary meristems as well as de novo organogenesis have been widely investigated in this plant which has also been explored for its conservation and production of different types of secondary metabolites. Diverse in vitro methods such as organogenesis, cell suspension, and callus cultures have been accounted for with the aim of production and/or enhancement of bacosides. Direct shoot-organogenesis was initiated in excised leaf and internodal explants without any exogenous plant growth regulator(s) (PGRs), and the induction rate was improved when exogenous cytokinins and other supplements were used. Moreover, biotechnological toolkits like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and the use of mutagens have been reported. Besides, the molecular marker-based studies demonstrated the clonal fidelity among the natural and in vitro generated plantlets also elucidating the inherent diversity among the natural populations. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system was mostly employed to optimize bacoside biosynthesis and heterologous expression of other genes. The present review aims at depicting the recent research outcomes of in vitro studies performed on B. monnieri which include root and shoot organogenesis, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, production of secondary metabolites by in vitro propagation, acclimatization of the in vitro raised plantlets, genetic transformation, and molecular marker-based studies of clonal fidelity. KEY POINTS: • Critical and up to date records on in vitro propagation of Bacopa monnieri • In vitro propagation and elicitation of secondary metabolites from B. monnieri • Molecular markers and transgenic studies in B. monnieri.

Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba) is a magnificent medicinal plant found in many Asian countries. It ... more Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba) is a magnificent medicinal plant found in many Asian countries. It is potentially known to cure ulcers, gout, hemorrhoids, kidney problems, sexually transmitted diseases, etc. This plant species is a rich source of pharmacologically important bio-functional compounds like flavonoids, tannins, glycoside, luterlin, alkaloids. The seeds and tubers of G. superba contain a high quantity of Colchicine and its derivatives. Colchicine is used as a drug to treat various numbers of diseases like inflammatory diseases, heart diseases, gout, etc. Colchicine is also used to treat the hyper-inflammatory phase in COVID-19 patients. Many studies have shown that colchicine has the potential to induce apoptosis in malignant cell lines.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Nanotechnology is an emerging field, comprising the development of materials with 5-200 nanometer... more Nanotechnology is an emerging field, comprising the development of materials with 5-200 nanometers in size. Like many other fields advances in nanotechnology is utilized in medicine also specially for therapeutic drug delivery and treatment for a variety of diseases and disorders. The drug is dissolved and entrapped into biodegradable nanoparticles which are specially designed to absorb drug and protecting it against chemical and enzymatic degradation. Nanotechnology is helping the delivery of pharmacologically active molecules for sitespecific action with accurate dose. The most promising aspect of utilizing nanotechnology in drug delivery system is lowering of side effects by depositing the active agent in the morbid region only with accurate dose. Nanoparticles for drug delivery are prepared by a variety of materials such as proteins, polysaccharides and synthetic polymers. The selection of material depends on many factors such as the size of nanoparticles, inherent properties of...

Plants play a major role in the religious and spiritual beliefs all over the world apart from its... more Plants play a major role in the religious and spiritual beliefs all over the world apart from its therapeutic potential. The sacred plants are worshipped throughout India owing to its mythological significance and are recognized by diverse cultures in different ways encoding various rules for their protection. The association of medicinal plants and indigenous knowledge of local people has made the two traditionally, ecologically and economically inseparable. An attempt has been made to identify folklore medicinally important plants which are frequently used by local people of Terai region of Gorakhpur division.

Frontiers in Genetics, Jan 16, 2024

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Piper betle L. (synonym: Piper betel Blanco), or betel vine, an economically and medicinally impo... more Piper betle L. (synonym: Piper betel Blanco), or betel vine, an economically and medicinally important cash crop, belongs to the family Piperaceae, often known as the green gold. The plant can be found all over the world and is cultivatedprimarily in South East Asian countries for its beautiful glossy heart‐shaped leaves, which are chewed or consumed as betelquidand widely used in Chinese and Indian folk medicine, as carminative, stimulant,astringent, against parasitic worms, conjunctivitis, rheumatism, wound, etc., andis also used for religious purposes. Hydroxychavicol is the most important bioactive compound among the wide range of phytoconstituents found in essential oil and extracts. The pharmacological attributes of P. betle are antiproliferation, anticancer, neuropharmacological, analgesic, antioxidant, antiulcerogenic, hepatoprotective, antifertility, antibacterial, antifungal and many more. Immense attention has been paid to nanoformulations and their applications. The appl...

Frontiers in genetics, Jan 30, 2024

International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2016

Plant secondary metabolites are unique source for pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavours, and ... more Plant secondary metabolites are unique source for pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavours, and industrially important bio-chemicals. Environmental factors viz., temperature, humidity, light intensity, water, minerals and CO2 influence the growth of a plant and secondary metabolite production. Climate change is causing noticeable effects on the life cycles and distribution of the world’s vegetation, including wild medicinal plants. These metabolites have shown potential in treating various ailments as these plants based drugs would be cost effective due to its abundance and temperamentally quite suiting to millions of our masses, as these plants and their remedies are in use from ancient times. A need for research to improve our understanding of climatic effects on medicinal plants is stressed in the present article. An attempt is being made here to review the influence of abiotic factors and future strategies for research on secondary metabolite production. The research on medicin...

Journal of Krishi Vigyan, 2012

An experiment was conducted to evaluate five varieties of Kiwi viz. Allison, Bruno, Hayward, Mont... more An experiment was conducted to evaluate five varieties of Kiwi viz. Allison, Bruno, Hayward, Monty and Abbott at Dirang, Bomdila and Salari areas under the district in the year 2011-12. 50 per cent leafing was observed after 87, 72, 78, 82,83 days in Abbott, Bruno, Monty, Hayward and Allison varieties respectively after pruning in the first day of February. The 50 per cent flowering was observed in Bruno in 42 days and the Hayward taking the longest time of 46 days. Bruno and Abbott varieties took 14 days to fruit set after flowering while minimum days for fruit set (13 days) was recorded in Allison. The maximum number of fruits per variety, average weight of fruits, fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per ha, highest T.S.S. were recorded in Allison variety. Higher fruit diameter and maturity days were observed in Bruno. Highest fruit length was recorded in Hayward variety. The higher score for appearance, taste, flavour and over all acceptability was accorded to Allison followed by Hayward. Thus, on the basis of yield, taste, flavour and overall acceptability, Allison is the best under West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh, India.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011

Ziziphus mauritiana(Lamk.) is a fruit tree that has folkloric implications against many ailments ... more Ziziphus mauritiana(Lamk.) is a fruit tree that has folkloric implications against many ailments and diseases. In the present study, anticancer potential of seed extract ofZiziphus mauritiana in vitroagainst different cell lines (HL-60, Molt-4, HeLa, and normal cell line HGF) by MTT assay as well asin vivoagainst Ehrich ascites carcinoma bearing Swiss albino mice was investigated. The extract was found to markedly inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells. Annexin and PI binding of treated HL-60 cells indicated apoptosis induction by extract in a dose-dependent manner. The cell cycle analysis revealed a prominent increase in sub Go population at concentration of 20 μg/ml and above. Agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells after 3 h incubation with extract. The extract also exhibited potent anticancer potentialin vivo. Treatment of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing Swiss albino mice with varied doses (100–800 mg/kg b.wt.) of plant extract significantly re...

Frontiers in Genetics

Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in our understanding the phytohormones, c... more Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in our understanding the phytohormones, cytokinin’s (CKs) biosynthesis, perception, and signalling pathways. Additionally, it became apparent that interfering with any of these steps has a significant effect on all stages of plant growth and development. As a result of their complex regulatory and cross-talk interactions with other hormones and signalling networks, they influence and control a wide range of biological activities, from cellular to organismal levels. In agriculture, CKs are extensively used for yield improvement and management because of their wide-ranging effects on plant growth, development and physiology. One of the primary targets in this regard is cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKO/CKX), which is encoded by CKX gene, which catalyses the irreversible degradation of cytokinin. The previous studies on various agronomically important crops indicated that plant breeders have targeted CKX directly. In recent yea...

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2022

Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight, aliphatic compounds with wide as well as co... more Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight, aliphatic compounds with wide as well as complex application in fundamental areas of plant growth and development. PAs are mediator of basic metabolism of organisms which include cell division and differentiation, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, reversal of oxidative damage, stabilization of nucleic acids, and protein and phospholipid binding. In plants, it attributes in direct and indirect organogenesis, endogenous phytohormone regulation, cellular compartmentalization, fruit and flower development, senescence, and secondary metabolite production which are highly tuned as first line of defense response. There are several aspects of polyamine-directed mechanism that regulate overall plant growth in vitro and in vivo. In the present review, we have critically discussed the role played by polyamine on the enhanced production of bioactive natural products and how the same polyamines are functioning against different environmental stress conditions, i.e., salinity, drought, high CO2 content, herbivory, and physical wounding. The role of polyamines on elicitation process has been highlighted previously, but it is important to note that its activity as growth regulator under in vitro condition is correlated with an array of intertwined mechanism and physiological tuning. Medicinal plants under different developmental stages of micropropagation are characterized with different functional aspects and regulatory changes during embryogenesis and organogenesis. The effect of precursor molecules as well as additives and biosynthetic inhibitors of polyamines in rhizogenesis, callogenesis, tuberization, embryogenesis, callus formation, and metabolite production has been discussed thoroughly. The beneficial effect of exogenous application of PAs in elicitation of secondary metabolite production, plant growth and morphogenesis and overall stress tolerance are summarized in this present work. KEY POINTS: • Polyamines (PAs) play crucial roles in in vitro organogenesis. • PAs elicitate bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs). • Transgenic studies elucidate and optimize PA biosynthetic genes coding SMs.

Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, 2011

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the potent health-beneficial properties of the seeds of t... more Publisher Summary This chapter examines the potent health-beneficial properties of the seeds of the Malay apple. As a rich source of many compounds like ascorbic acid, riboflavin, alkaloids, glycoside, saponins, and triterpenoic acid, the malay apple is used in the prevention and cure of many diseases. The seeds of Ziziphus species possess anxiolytic and sedative activities. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the oleamide component of the Ziziphus jujube seed extract may help patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. They are also known to suppress the central nervous system, resulting in reduced anxiety and the induction of sleep. The flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids present in seeds can also be used for sedation. Seed extract may also have applications in the treatment of tuberculosis, cancer, and AIDS, as alterations to TH-1-mediated immunity are implicated in these diseases. Ziziphus seeds are also rich in saponins, known to bind cholesterol. These compounds are widely used for cholesterol control. It contains the valuable phytocompound betulinic acid, which may be useful in new drug designs. This adaptable plant has a wide range of potential economic roles, such as bee-keeping, fodder, or fuel.

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 2009

The antioxidant activity within the body has been well correlated with the body's defense mechani... more The antioxidant activity within the body has been well correlated with the body's defense mechanism against toxic free radicals. Alcohol ingestion increases the generation of free radicals. The present study was conducted to assess antioxidant potential of seed extract of Ziziphus mauritiana, which was standardized with HPLC. DPPH assay and Fenton reaction system was applied to assess free radical scavenging potential. The Swiss albino mice were used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of extract on oxidative stress induced by alcohol. The animals were treated with graded doses of extract (100-400 mg/kg body weight) before the administration of alcohol. After 6 weeks animals were sacrificed and their livers were assessed for catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and lipid peroxidation. The results indicated that the extract of Ziziphus mauritiana potentially scavenged the free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. The pretreatment of animals with Ziziphus mauritiana extract inhibited lipid peroxidation significantly, and increased the levels of reduced glutathione, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase in all extract treated groups (p<0.05) as compared to alcohol treated groups. The plant provides protection against the induction of oxidative stress by alcohol either by converting free radicals into stable products or by strengthening the antioxidant system.

Frontiers in Genetics

More than a half-century has passed since it was discovered that phytohormone cytokinin (CK) is e... more More than a half-century has passed since it was discovered that phytohormone cytokinin (CK) is essential to drive cytokinesis and proliferation in plant tissue culture. Thereafter, cytokinin has emerged as the primary regulator of the plant cell cycle and numerous developmental processes. Lately, a growing body of evidence suggests that cytokinin has a role in mitigating both abiotic and biotic stress. Cytokinin is essential to defend plants against excessive light exposure and a unique kind of abiotic stress generated by an altered photoperiod. Secondly, cytokinin also exhibits multi-stress resilience under changing environments. Furthermore, cytokinin homeostasis is also affected by several forms of stress. Therefore, the diverse roles of cytokinin in reaction to stress, as well as its interactions with other hormones, are discussed in detail. When it comes to agriculture, understanding the functioning processes of cytokinins under changing environmental conditions can assist in ...

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2022

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. or water hyssop commonly known as "Brahmi" is a small, cre... more Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. or water hyssop commonly known as "Brahmi" is a small, creeping, succulent herb from the Plantaginaceae family. It is popularly employed in Ayurvedic medicine as a nerve tonic to improve memory and cognition. Of late, this plant has been reported extensively for its pharmacologically active phyto-constituents. The main phytochemicals are brahmine, alkaloids, herpestine, and saponins. The saponins include bacoside A, bacoside B, and betulic acid. Investigation into the pharmacological effect of this plant has thrived lately, encouraging its neuroprotective and memory supporting capacity among others. Besides, it possesses many other therapeutic activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective properties, etc. Because of its multipurpose therapeutic potential, it is overexploited owing to the prioritization of natural remedies over conventional ones, which compels us to conserve them. B. monnieri is confronting the danger of extinction from its natural habitat as it is a major cultivated medico-botanical and seed propagation is restricted due to less seed availability and viability. The ever-increasing demand for the plant can be dealt with mass propagation through plant tissue culture strategy. Micropropagation utilizing axillary meristems as well as de novo organogenesis have been widely investigated in this plant which has also been explored for its conservation and production of different types of secondary metabolites. Diverse in vitro methods such as organogenesis, cell suspension, and callus cultures have been accounted for with the aim of production and/or enhancement of bacosides. Direct shoot-organogenesis was initiated in excised leaf and internodal explants without any exogenous plant growth regulator(s) (PGRs), and the induction rate was improved when exogenous cytokinins and other supplements were used. Moreover, biotechnological toolkits like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and the use of mutagens have been reported. Besides, the molecular marker-based studies demonstrated the clonal fidelity among the natural and in vitro generated plantlets also elucidating the inherent diversity among the natural populations. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system was mostly employed to optimize bacoside biosynthesis and heterologous expression of other genes. The present review aims at depicting the recent research outcomes of in vitro studies performed on B. monnieri which include root and shoot organogenesis, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, production of secondary metabolites by in vitro propagation, acclimatization of the in vitro raised plantlets, genetic transformation, and molecular marker-based studies of clonal fidelity. KEY POINTS: • Critical and up to date records on in vitro propagation of Bacopa monnieri • In vitro propagation and elicitation of secondary metabolites from B. monnieri • Molecular markers and transgenic studies in B. monnieri.

Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba) is a magnificent medicinal plant found in many Asian countries. It ... more Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba) is a magnificent medicinal plant found in many Asian countries. It is potentially known to cure ulcers, gout, hemorrhoids, kidney problems, sexually transmitted diseases, etc. This plant species is a rich source of pharmacologically important bio-functional compounds like flavonoids, tannins, glycoside, luterlin, alkaloids. The seeds and tubers of G. superba contain a high quantity of Colchicine and its derivatives. Colchicine is used as a drug to treat various numbers of diseases like inflammatory diseases, heart diseases, gout, etc. Colchicine is also used to treat the hyper-inflammatory phase in COVID-19 patients. Many studies have shown that colchicine has the potential to induce apoptosis in malignant cell lines.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Nanotechnology is an emerging field, comprising the development of materials with 5-200 nanometer... more Nanotechnology is an emerging field, comprising the development of materials with 5-200 nanometers in size. Like many other fields advances in nanotechnology is utilized in medicine also specially for therapeutic drug delivery and treatment for a variety of diseases and disorders. The drug is dissolved and entrapped into biodegradable nanoparticles which are specially designed to absorb drug and protecting it against chemical and enzymatic degradation. Nanotechnology is helping the delivery of pharmacologically active molecules for sitespecific action with accurate dose. The most promising aspect of utilizing nanotechnology in drug delivery system is lowering of side effects by depositing the active agent in the morbid region only with accurate dose. Nanoparticles for drug delivery are prepared by a variety of materials such as proteins, polysaccharides and synthetic polymers. The selection of material depends on many factors such as the size of nanoparticles, inherent properties of...

Plants play a major role in the religious and spiritual beliefs all over the world apart from its... more Plants play a major role in the religious and spiritual beliefs all over the world apart from its therapeutic potential. The sacred plants are worshipped throughout India owing to its mythological significance and are recognized by diverse cultures in different ways encoding various rules for their protection. The association of medicinal plants and indigenous knowledge of local people has made the two traditionally, ecologically and economically inseparable. An attempt has been made to identify folklore medicinally important plants which are frequently used by local people of Terai region of Gorakhpur division.

Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba) is a magnificent medicinal plant found in many Asian countries. It ... more Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba) is a magnificent medicinal plant found in many Asian countries. It is potentially known to cure ulcers, gout, hemorrhoids, kidney problems, sexually transmitted diseases, etc. This plant species is a rich source of pharmacologically important bio-functional compounds like flavonoids, tannins, glycoside, luterlin, alkaloids. The seeds and tubers of G. superba contain a high quantity of Colchicine and its derivatives. Colchicine is used as a drug to treat various numbers of diseases like inflammatory diseases, heart diseases, gout, etc. Colchicine is also used to treat the hyper-inflammatory phase in COVID-19 patients. Many studies have shown that colchicine has the potential to induce apoptosis in malignant cell lines.