Muath F A H M I Najjar (original) (raw)
Papers by Muath F A H M I Najjar
Background: the Directly Observed treatment-short course (DOts) Programme was implemented by WhO ... more Background: the Directly Observed treatment-short course (DOts) Programme was implemented by WhO and includes a combination of four anti-tuberculosis (tB) drugs (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampicin) for a period of six months to eradicate the tB infection completely. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as one of a strong contributor of tB according to World health Organization (WhO). the presence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM type 2) makes tB treatment complicated. thus, the objective of the current meta-analysis was to identify and quantify the impact of type 2 DM on treatment outcomes of tB patients treated under the DOts Programme. Methods: this meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting items for systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRisMa) guidelines. through a systematic review of relevant literature, we focused on studies investigating treatment outcomes including extended treatment duration and recurrence for individuals with both tB and DM undergoing DOts therapy. the extracted information included study designs, sample sizes, patient characteristics and reported treatment results. Results: in 44 studies from different parts of the world, the pooled hR for the impact of DM on extended treatment duration and reoccurrence were hR 0.72, 95% ci 0.56-0.83, p < .01 and hR 0.93, 95% ci 0.70-1.04, p = .08, respectively. the pooled hR for impact of DM on composite tB treatment outcomes was calculated as 0.76 (95% ci 0.60-0.87), p < .01 with an effect size of 41.18. the heterogeneity observed among the included studies was moderate (I 2 = 55.79%). Conclusions: a negative impact of DM was found on recurrence and extended treatment duration in tB patients treated with DOts therapy. DM type 2 is responsible for the tB treatment prolongation and tB recurrence rates. By implementing effective management strategies and advancing research, the challenges can be mitigated, arising due to the complex interaction between DM and tB.
This study aimed to assess compliance with legal requirements, safe medication storage and staffi... more This study aimed to assess compliance with legal requirements, safe medication storage and staffing standards in community pharmacies in Punjab, Pakistan. Method: We conducted a three-step cross-sectional study using observations, questionnaires and face-to-face interviews in 544 systematically-selected community pharmacies. We used descriptive statistic and one-way ANOVA to assess the data. Results: Only 23 (4.2 %) pharmacies had accurate area and only 3.9 % had appropriate walls. In total, 23.3 % had glass-fronted shelves and 38.2 % had a glass door. More than half (53.8 %) had separate narcotics shelves and 43.0 % a separate shelf of expired medicines. Less than half (47.5 %) of the pharmacies were able to maintain hygiene. About 36.2 % of the pharmacies segregated different types of product. Drugs were protected from direct sunlight in most (61.3 %) pharmacies, but the refrigerator was working properly in less than half (43.4 %) and only a very small number (2.4 %) had an alternative power supply for the refrigerator. Only 37 (6.8 %) were able to maintain an appropriate room temperature. The vast majority (93.0 %) displayed a valid drug sale license, but a qualified person/pharmacist was only present in 4.8 %. The average number of employees was 4.2, and more than 71.0 % of staff had 10-12 years of formal education. Only 0.2 % of employees could explain term "PRN", although 57.3 % explained "IV" correctly. About 22.8 % replied correctly about the room temperature but the vast majority (97.6 %) did not know about cold chain temperature. The location of the pharmacy (p-value = 0.045) affected its performance. Conclusions: Noncompliance with legal requirements, unsafe drug storage and limited human resources reflect the poor enforcement of drug laws in Pakistan. The findings suggest that there is a need to strengthen inspection and management of community pharmacies.
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 2013
Secondary prevention pharmacotherapy improves outcomes after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Howev... more Secondary prevention pharmacotherapy improves outcomes after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, poor medication adherence is common, and various factors play a role in adherence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; level of adherence to evidence-based therapies at an average of 6 months after discharge for acs and to identify factors associated with self-reported non-adherence. This prospective study was conducted in the outpatient cardiac clinics of Hospital Pulau Pinang, located in Penang Island, a northern state in Malaysia. A random sample of ACS patients (n = 190) who had been discharged on a regimen of secondary preventive medications were included in this study. Six months after discharge and during their scheduled follow-up appointments to cardiac clinics, patients were interviewed using the translated eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. self-reported patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; adherence to medication. Six months following their hospital discharge, only 35 patients (18.4 %) reported high adherence. Medium adherence was reported in majority of patients (51.1 %). Low adherence was reported in 58 patients (30.5 %). Forgetfulness was the most frequently reported reason for patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; non-adherence to their medications (23.2 %). Furthermore, this study identified 5 factors-namely age, employment status, ACS subtypes, number of comorbidities, and number of prescription medications per day-that may influence Patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; level of adherence to the prescribed regimens. Our findings revealed a problem of non-adherence to secondary prevention medications among patients with ACS in Malaysia. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that older patients, unemployed patients, patients with more comorbid conditions, and those receiving multiple medications are less likely to adhere to their prescribed medications 6 months after hospital discharge.
BMC Medical Ethics
Background With the huge number of patients who suffer from chronic and incurable diseases, medic... more Background With the huge number of patients who suffer from chronic and incurable diseases, medical scientists continue to search for new curative methods for patients in dire need of treatment. Interest in stem cells is growing, generating high expectations in terms of the possible benefits that could be derived from stem cell research and therapy. However, regardless of the hope of stem cells changing and improving lives, there are many ethical, religious, and political challenges and controversies that affect the research, and mandated to establish ethical guidelines and regulations. In Saudi Arabia, key stakeholders play an active role in discussing the ethics of stem cell research and therapy. The focus of the study was to explore professionals’ perceptions related to the ethical challenges of using stem cells in research and treatment in Saudi Arabia. Results A qualitative research study was conducted to explore and describe the perceptions of 25 professionals employed at diff...
Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine
Therapeutics and clinical risk management, 2018
There is a difference between evidence-based guidelines for geriatric patients and clinical pract... more There is a difference between evidence-based guidelines for geriatric patients and clinical practice of physicians. Prescribing potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) can be attributed to the fact that many physicians are not aware of PIMs usage. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a combined intervention program comprising an educational and clinical pharmacist intervention to reduce the incidence of PIMs among hospitalized geriatric patients. This was a prospective pre-test versus post-test design study. The screening tool of older persons' prescriptions, 2nd version, and 2015 American Geriatric Society Beers' criteria were used to assess the appropriateness of medications prescribed for geriatric inpatients. The study was carried out in the medical wards of the Department of Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Four hundred geriatric patients were enrolled in the study: 200 in a pre-intervention group (control) and 20...
Aim: To determine the incidence and predictors of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) among geriatric i... more Aim: To determine the incidence and predictors of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) among geriatric inpatients who received potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). Methods: A prospective cohort design with convenient sampling was conducted in Penang General Hospital in Malaysia. Data were collected from 400 geriatric inpatients admitted to Penang Hospital. Beers’ criteria were used to assess PIMs among geriatric inpatients. Additionally, causality of DDIs was determined using a drug interaction probability scale (DIPS). Statistical analysis, with univariate and multivariate analysis, was applied to identify the predictors of DDIs. Results: The mean age of 400 geriatric inpatients was 74.2 ± 6.5 years, 214 (53.5%) patients were women and the majority were Chinese (58%) patients. PIMs were used in 211 (52.8 %) of the geriatric inpatients during hospitalization, and the incidence of DDIs was 13%. PIMs (p=0.001), polypharmacy (p=0.001), polymorbidity (p=0.020) and length of hospital s...
Assessment of polypharmacy among geriatric patients at Malaysian government hospital
Healthmed
Background and aim: Statins are the drug of choice in treating dyslipidemia. The aim of this stud... more Background and aim: Statins are the drug of choice in treating dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to measure the successful of dyslipidemia control, and contributing factors (preventable and nonpreventable) in this control. Methodology: The study was carried out at a cardiac clinic of Penang Hospital in Malaysia. Data of dyslipidemia control on patients' followed up visits were obtained from their medical progress files. The assessment of dyslipidemia control was based on National Cholesterol Education Program report III (NCEP). The contributing factors for non preventable were age, gender, race and types of dyslipidemia. For some preventable factors were type and dose of statin and also the combination of antidislipidemic drugs. Results: Less than half of 463 patients achieved dyslipidemia control (LDL control 44% and non- HDL control 41%) during their of followed visits which ranged from 2 months to 20 years. The LDL control in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients or equ...
Prevalence and predictors of potential inappropriate medications among geriatric inpatients.
Assessment of Non Halal Medications Used by Cardiac Outpatients: Incidence and Category of Halaln... more Assessment of Non Halal Medications Used by Cardiac Outpatients: Incidence and Category of Halalness.
Incidence and Predictors of Drug-Drug Interactions Among Geriatric Inpatients Admitted to Penang ... more Incidence and Predictors of Drug-Drug Interactions Among Geriatric Inpatients Admitted to Penang Hospital, Penang, Malaysia.
Is statin related to respiratory immunological and infectious adverse events? 16th Congress of th... more Is statin related to respiratory immunological and infectious adverse events? 16th Congress of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, November 3-6, 2011, Shanghai International Convention Center, Shanghai, China,
(2010) Detection of muscle pain and contributing factors during use of statin in cardiac outpatie... more (2010) Detection of muscle pain and contributing factors during use of statin in cardiac outpatients of Penang General Hospital, Malaysia
Compromised renal function is a predictor for adverse drug reactions in geriatric patients
Healthmed
Summary Geriatric population has grown rapidly in recent years. Geriatric inpatients with multipl... more Summary Geriatric population has grown rapidly in recent years. Geriatric inpatients with multiple diseases often receive polypharmacy (PP) therapy. As a result, geriatric inpatients are at the high risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and significant predictors of PP leading to ADRs among geriatric inpatients. A prospective cohort design with convenient sampling was carried-out on 400 geriatric inpatients at Penang Hospital, Penang, Malaysia. The mean age for geriatric inpatients was 74.2 ± 6.5 years, more than half (53.5%) were females. The highest ethnic group was Chinese (58%) followed by Malays (25.8%). Only 7.5% of hospitalized geriatric inpatients admitted from nursing homes in Penang state. The mean number of prescribed medications was 5.45 ± 2.82. The incidence rates of PP and ADRs were 12.5% and 20.5% respectively. It was found that, ADRs was significantly increased with PP therapy. The main ...
Comparison between patients’ complaints and muscle damage by statin chronic therapy
Improvement of kidney function during statin therapy in cardiac clinic patients
The chronic use of statin and its relation with renal dysfunction in cardiac outpatients of Penan... more The chronic use of statin and its relation with renal dysfunction in cardiac outpatients of Penang General Hospital, Malaysia
Background: the Directly Observed treatment-short course (DOts) Programme was implemented by WhO ... more Background: the Directly Observed treatment-short course (DOts) Programme was implemented by WhO and includes a combination of four anti-tuberculosis (tB) drugs (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampicin) for a period of six months to eradicate the tB infection completely. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as one of a strong contributor of tB according to World health Organization (WhO). the presence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM type 2) makes tB treatment complicated. thus, the objective of the current meta-analysis was to identify and quantify the impact of type 2 DM on treatment outcomes of tB patients treated under the DOts Programme. Methods: this meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting items for systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRisMa) guidelines. through a systematic review of relevant literature, we focused on studies investigating treatment outcomes including extended treatment duration and recurrence for individuals with both tB and DM undergoing DOts therapy. the extracted information included study designs, sample sizes, patient characteristics and reported treatment results. Results: in 44 studies from different parts of the world, the pooled hR for the impact of DM on extended treatment duration and reoccurrence were hR 0.72, 95% ci 0.56-0.83, p < .01 and hR 0.93, 95% ci 0.70-1.04, p = .08, respectively. the pooled hR for impact of DM on composite tB treatment outcomes was calculated as 0.76 (95% ci 0.60-0.87), p < .01 with an effect size of 41.18. the heterogeneity observed among the included studies was moderate (I 2 = 55.79%). Conclusions: a negative impact of DM was found on recurrence and extended treatment duration in tB patients treated with DOts therapy. DM type 2 is responsible for the tB treatment prolongation and tB recurrence rates. By implementing effective management strategies and advancing research, the challenges can be mitigated, arising due to the complex interaction between DM and tB.
This study aimed to assess compliance with legal requirements, safe medication storage and staffi... more This study aimed to assess compliance with legal requirements, safe medication storage and staffing standards in community pharmacies in Punjab, Pakistan. Method: We conducted a three-step cross-sectional study using observations, questionnaires and face-to-face interviews in 544 systematically-selected community pharmacies. We used descriptive statistic and one-way ANOVA to assess the data. Results: Only 23 (4.2 %) pharmacies had accurate area and only 3.9 % had appropriate walls. In total, 23.3 % had glass-fronted shelves and 38.2 % had a glass door. More than half (53.8 %) had separate narcotics shelves and 43.0 % a separate shelf of expired medicines. Less than half (47.5 %) of the pharmacies were able to maintain hygiene. About 36.2 % of the pharmacies segregated different types of product. Drugs were protected from direct sunlight in most (61.3 %) pharmacies, but the refrigerator was working properly in less than half (43.4 %) and only a very small number (2.4 %) had an alternative power supply for the refrigerator. Only 37 (6.8 %) were able to maintain an appropriate room temperature. The vast majority (93.0 %) displayed a valid drug sale license, but a qualified person/pharmacist was only present in 4.8 %. The average number of employees was 4.2, and more than 71.0 % of staff had 10-12 years of formal education. Only 0.2 % of employees could explain term "PRN", although 57.3 % explained "IV" correctly. About 22.8 % replied correctly about the room temperature but the vast majority (97.6 %) did not know about cold chain temperature. The location of the pharmacy (p-value = 0.045) affected its performance. Conclusions: Noncompliance with legal requirements, unsafe drug storage and limited human resources reflect the poor enforcement of drug laws in Pakistan. The findings suggest that there is a need to strengthen inspection and management of community pharmacies.
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 2013
Secondary prevention pharmacotherapy improves outcomes after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Howev... more Secondary prevention pharmacotherapy improves outcomes after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, poor medication adherence is common, and various factors play a role in adherence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; level of adherence to evidence-based therapies at an average of 6 months after discharge for acs and to identify factors associated with self-reported non-adherence. This prospective study was conducted in the outpatient cardiac clinics of Hospital Pulau Pinang, located in Penang Island, a northern state in Malaysia. A random sample of ACS patients (n = 190) who had been discharged on a regimen of secondary preventive medications were included in this study. Six months after discharge and during their scheduled follow-up appointments to cardiac clinics, patients were interviewed using the translated eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. self-reported patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; adherence to medication. Six months following their hospital discharge, only 35 patients (18.4 %) reported high adherence. Medium adherence was reported in majority of patients (51.1 %). Low adherence was reported in 58 patients (30.5 %). Forgetfulness was the most frequently reported reason for patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; non-adherence to their medications (23.2 %). Furthermore, this study identified 5 factors-namely age, employment status, ACS subtypes, number of comorbidities, and number of prescription medications per day-that may influence Patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; level of adherence to the prescribed regimens. Our findings revealed a problem of non-adherence to secondary prevention medications among patients with ACS in Malaysia. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that older patients, unemployed patients, patients with more comorbid conditions, and those receiving multiple medications are less likely to adhere to their prescribed medications 6 months after hospital discharge.
BMC Medical Ethics
Background With the huge number of patients who suffer from chronic and incurable diseases, medic... more Background With the huge number of patients who suffer from chronic and incurable diseases, medical scientists continue to search for new curative methods for patients in dire need of treatment. Interest in stem cells is growing, generating high expectations in terms of the possible benefits that could be derived from stem cell research and therapy. However, regardless of the hope of stem cells changing and improving lives, there are many ethical, religious, and political challenges and controversies that affect the research, and mandated to establish ethical guidelines and regulations. In Saudi Arabia, key stakeholders play an active role in discussing the ethics of stem cell research and therapy. The focus of the study was to explore professionals’ perceptions related to the ethical challenges of using stem cells in research and treatment in Saudi Arabia. Results A qualitative research study was conducted to explore and describe the perceptions of 25 professionals employed at diff...
Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine
Therapeutics and clinical risk management, 2018
There is a difference between evidence-based guidelines for geriatric patients and clinical pract... more There is a difference between evidence-based guidelines for geriatric patients and clinical practice of physicians. Prescribing potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) can be attributed to the fact that many physicians are not aware of PIMs usage. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a combined intervention program comprising an educational and clinical pharmacist intervention to reduce the incidence of PIMs among hospitalized geriatric patients. This was a prospective pre-test versus post-test design study. The screening tool of older persons' prescriptions, 2nd version, and 2015 American Geriatric Society Beers' criteria were used to assess the appropriateness of medications prescribed for geriatric inpatients. The study was carried out in the medical wards of the Department of Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Four hundred geriatric patients were enrolled in the study: 200 in a pre-intervention group (control) and 20...
Aim: To determine the incidence and predictors of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) among geriatric i... more Aim: To determine the incidence and predictors of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) among geriatric inpatients who received potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). Methods: A prospective cohort design with convenient sampling was conducted in Penang General Hospital in Malaysia. Data were collected from 400 geriatric inpatients admitted to Penang Hospital. Beers’ criteria were used to assess PIMs among geriatric inpatients. Additionally, causality of DDIs was determined using a drug interaction probability scale (DIPS). Statistical analysis, with univariate and multivariate analysis, was applied to identify the predictors of DDIs. Results: The mean age of 400 geriatric inpatients was 74.2 ± 6.5 years, 214 (53.5%) patients were women and the majority were Chinese (58%) patients. PIMs were used in 211 (52.8 %) of the geriatric inpatients during hospitalization, and the incidence of DDIs was 13%. PIMs (p=0.001), polypharmacy (p=0.001), polymorbidity (p=0.020) and length of hospital s...
Assessment of polypharmacy among geriatric patients at Malaysian government hospital
Healthmed
Background and aim: Statins are the drug of choice in treating dyslipidemia. The aim of this stud... more Background and aim: Statins are the drug of choice in treating dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to measure the successful of dyslipidemia control, and contributing factors (preventable and nonpreventable) in this control. Methodology: The study was carried out at a cardiac clinic of Penang Hospital in Malaysia. Data of dyslipidemia control on patients' followed up visits were obtained from their medical progress files. The assessment of dyslipidemia control was based on National Cholesterol Education Program report III (NCEP). The contributing factors for non preventable were age, gender, race and types of dyslipidemia. For some preventable factors were type and dose of statin and also the combination of antidislipidemic drugs. Results: Less than half of 463 patients achieved dyslipidemia control (LDL control 44% and non- HDL control 41%) during their of followed visits which ranged from 2 months to 20 years. The LDL control in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients or equ...
Prevalence and predictors of potential inappropriate medications among geriatric inpatients.
Assessment of Non Halal Medications Used by Cardiac Outpatients: Incidence and Category of Halaln... more Assessment of Non Halal Medications Used by Cardiac Outpatients: Incidence and Category of Halalness.
Incidence and Predictors of Drug-Drug Interactions Among Geriatric Inpatients Admitted to Penang ... more Incidence and Predictors of Drug-Drug Interactions Among Geriatric Inpatients Admitted to Penang Hospital, Penang, Malaysia.
Is statin related to respiratory immunological and infectious adverse events? 16th Congress of th... more Is statin related to respiratory immunological and infectious adverse events? 16th Congress of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, November 3-6, 2011, Shanghai International Convention Center, Shanghai, China,
(2010) Detection of muscle pain and contributing factors during use of statin in cardiac outpatie... more (2010) Detection of muscle pain and contributing factors during use of statin in cardiac outpatients of Penang General Hospital, Malaysia
Compromised renal function is a predictor for adverse drug reactions in geriatric patients
Healthmed
Summary Geriatric population has grown rapidly in recent years. Geriatric inpatients with multipl... more Summary Geriatric population has grown rapidly in recent years. Geriatric inpatients with multiple diseases often receive polypharmacy (PP) therapy. As a result, geriatric inpatients are at the high risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and significant predictors of PP leading to ADRs among geriatric inpatients. A prospective cohort design with convenient sampling was carried-out on 400 geriatric inpatients at Penang Hospital, Penang, Malaysia. The mean age for geriatric inpatients was 74.2 ± 6.5 years, more than half (53.5%) were females. The highest ethnic group was Chinese (58%) followed by Malays (25.8%). Only 7.5% of hospitalized geriatric inpatients admitted from nursing homes in Penang state. The mean number of prescribed medications was 5.45 ± 2.82. The incidence rates of PP and ADRs were 12.5% and 20.5% respectively. It was found that, ADRs was significantly increased with PP therapy. The main ...
Comparison between patients’ complaints and muscle damage by statin chronic therapy
Improvement of kidney function during statin therapy in cardiac clinic patients
The chronic use of statin and its relation with renal dysfunction in cardiac outpatients of Penan... more The chronic use of statin and its relation with renal dysfunction in cardiac outpatients of Penang General Hospital, Malaysia