Moges Alemu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Moges Alemu

Hyper-growth in Asian Economies, 1979

All five economies have experienced spectacular development of foreign trade in the course of the... more All five economies have experienced spectacular development of foreign trade in the course of their rapid growth. Nevertheless, there are some differences in the pattern of foreign trade development. In Japan, rapid expansion of foreign trade began in the early twentieth century. Owing to the lack of natural resources, Japan’s industrialisation process relies heavily on imports which have to be financed by expanded exports. Ever since the early stage of modern economic growth, it seems that Japan has never doubted its export capabilities and in consequence it has always adopted an outward-looking policy in its process of growth in the modern era. Both Korea and Taiwan, on the other hand, had reservations about their export capabilities at the beginning of their industrialisation. As a result, it was not until the late fifties in the case of Taiwan and the early sixties in the case of Korea that they turned their attention from import substitution to export orientation. The cases of Hong Kong and Singapore are rather special. Before industrialisation took place, they were entrepot trade economies taking advantage of their geographical location and fine harbours. It was largely historical factors (Communist takeover in China, Korean War, etc.) that caused Hong Kong to switch from entrepot trade to manufacturing industries.1 Owing to the small home market, Hong Kong’s manufactured products are mostly for exporting. In Singapore, on the other hand, both industrialisation and outward-looking policies are to a large extent the result of deliberate government action. Moreover, while the importance of entrepot trade declines very rapidly after the beginning of industrialisation in Hong Kong, it has retained considerable importance in the Singapore economy.

Background: HIV/AIDS is being considered as one of the major health problem and an occupational h... more Background: HIV/AIDS is being considered as one of the major health problem and an occupational health hazard among health care personnel. Avoiding contact with infected blood is one of the primary strategies of preventing occupationally acquired HIV infection. Post exposure prophylaxis of HIV is the only way to reduce risk of HIV after potential exposure to blood and body fluids. This study was conducted to determine awareness of individuals about HIV PEP among health care personnel in health care setting particularly hospitals because there are high staffs and high risks of acquiring accidental exposure to HIV infection. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the level of awareness of HIV PEP and determinants factors among health care personnel of Asella Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey conducted among 251 participant health care personnel at Asella Teaching Hospital, Asella town from December 2013 to ...

SAGE Open Medicine, 2020

Background: Azithromycin 1% and 1.5% ophthalmic preparations are used widely in clinical practice... more Background: Azithromycin 1% and 1.5% ophthalmic preparations are used widely in clinical practice for the treatment of signs and symptoms of eye diseases. The aim of this study was to render conclusive evidence by comparing the efficacy of azithromycin 1% and 1.5% over tobramycin 0.3% ophthalmic solutions for the treatment of eye diseases in a short duration in terms of bacterial resolution, the cure rate, and resolving clinical sign and symptoms. Methods: Systematic searches were performed in the electronic database (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science) and other sources. Multicenter randomized controlled trial studies conducted in English were identified and screened. Analysis of individual studies was conducted using the OpenMeta-analyst and Review Manager Version 5.3 software. Results: Eleven studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In clinical cure rate, azithromycin 1% and 1.5% eye drops were more effective tha...

Science Journal of Public Health, 2015

Background Nosocomial or Hospital Acquired infections-Is an infection that is neither present nor... more Background Nosocomial or Hospital Acquired infections-Is an infection that is neither present nor incubating at the time the patient came to the health care facility(hospital). Nosocomial refers to the association between care and the subsequent onset of infection. To prevents this infection open hand washing and glove utilization practice is simple and an important method. Objectives: To investigate the knowledge and practice of hand washing and glove utilization among the health care workers of Shenen Gibe Hospital. Method: Acrosssectional study design was used to investigate the knowledge and practice of hand washing and glove utilization among the health care provider of Shenen Gibe Hospital. A structured selfadministered pre-tested questionnaire was used for all 47 health professionals by Universal sampling techniques. Results: All the 47 staffs have responded to the questionnaire and the distribution of the staff was: 7(14.8%) physicians, 3(6.4%) were BSc Nurses, 21(44.8%) was clinical nurse, 8(17%) were mid wifery nurse, 5(10.6%) labtech. and the rest were anesthetist 3(6.4%). From this 15 (31.9%) were males and 32(68.1%) were females. From 47 respondents, 39(82.97%) and 32(68.08%) of them have adequate knowledge and practice of hand washing and glove utilization respectively. From the total of 47 respondents, 24(51%) of them have complied with the recommended procedures of hand washing and glove utilization, while 23(49%) of them did not comply. Conclusion and Recommendation: Majority of the study subjects have adequate knowledge and practice about hand washing and glove utilization. Most of the respondents were compiled with the recommended procedures of hand washing and glove utilization. Regular practice of hand washing and glove utilization requires regular supplies like soap, water, dry &clean to well and acceptable glove depending on the type of procedure to perform at all time. Therefore oromia health bureau should facilitate these facilities in the hospital wards. The hospital authorities are urged to post the general guidelines for the staff a teach hand washing sites.

Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2014

The five key behaviours for effective teaching are: lesson clarity, instructional variety, and in... more The five key behaviours for effective teaching are: lesson clarity, instructional variety, and instructor task orientation, engagement in the learning process and student success rate. This study examines the reflections of university students and instructors regarding the implementation of effective teaching practices and instructors' characteristics in engineering education. Data gathered from two groups (engineering students & instructors) interviews were developed and 25 item Likert scale questionnaires were completed by a sample of 69 students and 64 instructors. Means, ranking, and standard deviation followed by other analyses indicated that there was a high degree of similarity between students and instructors with respect to the perceived attributes of effective and ineffective teaching. It appears that the effective instructors are the mirror image of the ineffective by being imbued with a generous dose of personality traits in addition to skills. Both instructors and students in this research conducted in the selected universities of Ethiopia depicted the effective/excellent university instructor as someone who: (1) is respectful, (2) makes classes interesting, (3) is fair in evaluating, (4) cares about students' success, (5) shows a love for their subject, (6) is friendly, (7) encourages questions and discussion, (8) is always well prepared and organized, and (9) makes difficult subjects easy to learn. Findings of students' and instructors' perspectives suggest that effective teaching is the blending of both personality and ability factors. The key factor, however, remains the instructors' personality.

Hyper-growth in Asian Economies, 1979

All five economies have experienced spectacular development of foreign trade in the course of the... more All five economies have experienced spectacular development of foreign trade in the course of their rapid growth. Nevertheless, there are some differences in the pattern of foreign trade development. In Japan, rapid expansion of foreign trade began in the early twentieth century. Owing to the lack of natural resources, Japan’s industrialisation process relies heavily on imports which have to be financed by expanded exports. Ever since the early stage of modern economic growth, it seems that Japan has never doubted its export capabilities and in consequence it has always adopted an outward-looking policy in its process of growth in the modern era. Both Korea and Taiwan, on the other hand, had reservations about their export capabilities at the beginning of their industrialisation. As a result, it was not until the late fifties in the case of Taiwan and the early sixties in the case of Korea that they turned their attention from import substitution to export orientation. The cases of Hong Kong and Singapore are rather special. Before industrialisation took place, they were entrepot trade economies taking advantage of their geographical location and fine harbours. It was largely historical factors (Communist takeover in China, Korean War, etc.) that caused Hong Kong to switch from entrepot trade to manufacturing industries.1 Owing to the small home market, Hong Kong’s manufactured products are mostly for exporting. In Singapore, on the other hand, both industrialisation and outward-looking policies are to a large extent the result of deliberate government action. Moreover, while the importance of entrepot trade declines very rapidly after the beginning of industrialisation in Hong Kong, it has retained considerable importance in the Singapore economy.

Background: HIV/AIDS is being considered as one of the major health problem and an occupational h... more Background: HIV/AIDS is being considered as one of the major health problem and an occupational health hazard among health care personnel. Avoiding contact with infected blood is one of the primary strategies of preventing occupationally acquired HIV infection. Post exposure prophylaxis of HIV is the only way to reduce risk of HIV after potential exposure to blood and body fluids. This study was conducted to determine awareness of individuals about HIV PEP among health care personnel in health care setting particularly hospitals because there are high staffs and high risks of acquiring accidental exposure to HIV infection. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the level of awareness of HIV PEP and determinants factors among health care personnel of Asella Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey conducted among 251 participant health care personnel at Asella Teaching Hospital, Asella town from December 2013 to ...

SAGE Open Medicine, 2020

Background: Azithromycin 1% and 1.5% ophthalmic preparations are used widely in clinical practice... more Background: Azithromycin 1% and 1.5% ophthalmic preparations are used widely in clinical practice for the treatment of signs and symptoms of eye diseases. The aim of this study was to render conclusive evidence by comparing the efficacy of azithromycin 1% and 1.5% over tobramycin 0.3% ophthalmic solutions for the treatment of eye diseases in a short duration in terms of bacterial resolution, the cure rate, and resolving clinical sign and symptoms. Methods: Systematic searches were performed in the electronic database (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science) and other sources. Multicenter randomized controlled trial studies conducted in English were identified and screened. Analysis of individual studies was conducted using the OpenMeta-analyst and Review Manager Version 5.3 software. Results: Eleven studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In clinical cure rate, azithromycin 1% and 1.5% eye drops were more effective tha...

Science Journal of Public Health, 2015

Background Nosocomial or Hospital Acquired infections-Is an infection that is neither present nor... more Background Nosocomial or Hospital Acquired infections-Is an infection that is neither present nor incubating at the time the patient came to the health care facility(hospital). Nosocomial refers to the association between care and the subsequent onset of infection. To prevents this infection open hand washing and glove utilization practice is simple and an important method. Objectives: To investigate the knowledge and practice of hand washing and glove utilization among the health care workers of Shenen Gibe Hospital. Method: Acrosssectional study design was used to investigate the knowledge and practice of hand washing and glove utilization among the health care provider of Shenen Gibe Hospital. A structured selfadministered pre-tested questionnaire was used for all 47 health professionals by Universal sampling techniques. Results: All the 47 staffs have responded to the questionnaire and the distribution of the staff was: 7(14.8%) physicians, 3(6.4%) were BSc Nurses, 21(44.8%) was clinical nurse, 8(17%) were mid wifery nurse, 5(10.6%) labtech. and the rest were anesthetist 3(6.4%). From this 15 (31.9%) were males and 32(68.1%) were females. From 47 respondents, 39(82.97%) and 32(68.08%) of them have adequate knowledge and practice of hand washing and glove utilization respectively. From the total of 47 respondents, 24(51%) of them have complied with the recommended procedures of hand washing and glove utilization, while 23(49%) of them did not comply. Conclusion and Recommendation: Majority of the study subjects have adequate knowledge and practice about hand washing and glove utilization. Most of the respondents were compiled with the recommended procedures of hand washing and glove utilization. Regular practice of hand washing and glove utilization requires regular supplies like soap, water, dry &clean to well and acceptable glove depending on the type of procedure to perform at all time. Therefore oromia health bureau should facilitate these facilities in the hospital wards. The hospital authorities are urged to post the general guidelines for the staff a teach hand washing sites.

Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2014

The five key behaviours for effective teaching are: lesson clarity, instructional variety, and in... more The five key behaviours for effective teaching are: lesson clarity, instructional variety, and instructor task orientation, engagement in the learning process and student success rate. This study examines the reflections of university students and instructors regarding the implementation of effective teaching practices and instructors' characteristics in engineering education. Data gathered from two groups (engineering students & instructors) interviews were developed and 25 item Likert scale questionnaires were completed by a sample of 69 students and 64 instructors. Means, ranking, and standard deviation followed by other analyses indicated that there was a high degree of similarity between students and instructors with respect to the perceived attributes of effective and ineffective teaching. It appears that the effective instructors are the mirror image of the ineffective by being imbued with a generous dose of personality traits in addition to skills. Both instructors and students in this research conducted in the selected universities of Ethiopia depicted the effective/excellent university instructor as someone who: (1) is respectful, (2) makes classes interesting, (3) is fair in evaluating, (4) cares about students' success, (5) shows a love for their subject, (6) is friendly, (7) encourages questions and discussion, (8) is always well prepared and organized, and (9) makes difficult subjects easy to learn. Findings of students' and instructors' perspectives suggest that effective teaching is the blending of both personality and ability factors. The key factor, however, remains the instructors' personality.