Mohamed Bamoshmoosh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohamed Bamoshmoosh

World journal of cardiology, Mar 26, 2024

Nature Medicine

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but t... more Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29–39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevat...

Angiology, May 1, 1993

It is well known that one of the most evident effects of prolonged and intense physical training ... more It is well known that one of the most evident effects of prolonged and intense physical training is an increase of left ventricular mass. This increase could have a great influence on the diastolic properties of the heart, which can now be accurately evaluated by use of pulsed- and continuous-wave of Doppler echocardiography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diastolic function of a group of auperendurance athletes (professional. bicyclists, exercising more than forty hours a week). Sixteen athletes (A), aged between twenty and thirty-one years, during the period of maximal training, and 16 age-matched controls (C) were studied. All subjects were evaluated at rest with mono-dimensional, two-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiography. Diastolic (DD) and systolic. (SD) diameter, posterior wall (PW), and interventricular septum (IVS) thickness were also measured. The ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated. Diastolic function was evaluated by calculating isovolumetric relaxation time (IVR) with continuous-wave Doppler, and deceleration time (DT), rapid filling flow peak (Ep), and atrial filling (Ap) were evaluated with pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The LVM (A: 354±47 g vs C: 170.6±33.4, p&lt;0.05), DD (A:57.7±3.9 mm C: 50.5±2.7, p &lt; 0.01), PW thickness (A: 11:9±0:7 mm vs C: 8.4±0.6, p&lt;0.05), and IVS thickness (A: 12.3±1 mm vs C: 8.2±0.9, p&lt;0.05) were significantly greater in the athletes than in the controls. The IVR (A: 69±12 msec vs C: 76±11, p&lt;0.05) and DT (A: 171±52 msec vs C: 203±31, p&lt;0.01) were significantly shorter in the athletes than in the controls; the Ep velocity was similar in the two groups (A: 84.3±12 cm/sec vs C: 85.1±19, p=NS), while the Ap velocity was lower in the athletes' group (A: 41.5±8 cm/sec vs C: 56±15, p&lt;0.01). It may be concluded that prolonged and intense physical training, while causing an increase of left ventricular mass, is able to induce favorable modifications of the diastolic properties of the left ventricle.

European Journal of Radiology Extra, Mar 1, 2008

In this case report we studied a patient with a recent history of chest pain that lasted few minu... more In this case report we studied a patient with a recent history of chest pain that lasted few minutes mainly after meals with multidetector computed tomography. This exam showed a severe coronary artery disease: 40% stenosis of distal left main, occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery at the ostium, 50% stenosis of a big intermediate coronary artery and 50% stenosis of the proximal right coronary artery. Before coronary artery bypass surgery the patient was sent for coronary angiography. In this case the only new information of coronary angiography was related to the evidence of homolateral collateral circulation (Rentrop 2) to the distal part of left anterior descending coronary artery. This case report shows how multidetector computed tomography can be of great help in correctly understanding the anatomy of coronary arteries and how it could change the diagnostical and therapeutical processes of coronary artery disease patients.

American Journal of Cardiology, Dec 1, 2007

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new-generation spiral multidetector compu... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new-generation spiral multidetector computed tomographic scanner (the Brilliance 64) in the diagnosis of coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR). Forty-one patients with 87 coronary stents (70 drug-eluting stents) implanted were examined. Patients underwent multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) 6.7 +/- 6.9 days before scheduled invasive coronary angiography, using intravenous contrast enhancement. Images were reconstructed in multiple formats using retrospective electrocardiographic gating. Stents were viewed in their long and short axes and were visually classified for the presence or absence of binary ISR (diameter reduction &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;50%), including the 5-mm borders proximal and distal to the stent. ISR was found by invasive coronary angiography in 13 of the stented segments (15%) and in 8 patients (19%). Of these, 11 cases of ISR were correctly detected by MDCT; additionally, 1 severely calcified stented segment was considered as occluded by MDCT (sensitivity 84%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 54% to 98%). Seventy-three of 74 stented segments without ISR were correctly classified by MDCT (specificity 97%, 95% CI 93% to 100%), whereas 2 stented segments were classified as false-negative ISR. The positive predictive value was 92% (95% CI 84% to 97%), the negative predictive value was 97% (95% CI 90% to 99%), and predictive accuracy was 96% (95% CI 90% to 99%). After the exclusion of the calcified stented segment, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and predictive accuracy were 84% (95% CI 74% to 91%), 100% (95% CI 96% to 100%), 100% (95% CI 96% to 100%), 97% (CI 90% to 99%), and 98% (95% CI 92% to 99%), respectively. In conclusion, even with improved scanner technology, the sensitivity for the detection of ISR was moderate (84%). Thus, further studies are needed to determine whether MDCT will be a clinically useful and cost-effective tool for the evaluation of ISR in the clinical arena.

Clinical Cardiology, Nov 1, 1995

To evaluate the efficacy of propafenone in converting recent-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) lasti... more To evaluate the efficacy of propafenone in converting recent-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) lasting < 7 days, 182 patients were treated intravenously with propafenone (Group I , n = 98) and with placebo 0.9% saline solution (Group 2, n = 84) in a double blind study. The treatment was continued until sinus rhythm (SR) was restored, but for no more than 24 h. Eighty-nine patients treated with propafenone (90.8%) and 27 patients treated with placebo (32.1 %) responded to the treatment and SR was restored (p < 0.0005). The mean time for SR restoration was 2.5 1 k 2.77 h in Group I , and 17.15 k 7.8 h in Group 2 (p < 0.0oOS). In both groups the patients in whom SR was not restored (nonresponders) had larger left atrial size and longer duration of AF than responders at the onset of the arrhythmia. Nonresponders in Group 1 showed u decrease in mean ventricular rate (MVR) from 143 k I6 to I0 1 k I8 (p < 0.0005), while in the nonresponders in Group 2 no reduction of MVR was observed. Two patients whose SR was restored with propafenone had sinus standstill lasting 3.4 and 3.8 s, respectively. Propafenone used intravenously is an effective, quick, and safe drug for treating AF. Moreover, it significantly reduces MVR in nonresponders.

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, Jun 1, 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the wavelength index (WLI) at three atrial sites in a g... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the wavelength index (WLI) at three atrial sites in a group of 23 patients with recurrent episodes of lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (WAF) and a control group (n = 20). All patients underwent programmed atrial stimulation (paced cycle length = 600 m s) at high, medium, and low lateral right atrial wall. P wave duration, sinus cycle length, and corrected sinus node recovery time were not significantly different between the two studygroups. WLI was calculated according to the following formulas: atrial effective refractory period (AERP)/duration of atrial extrastimulus electrogram (A,) or AERP/A, + atrial latency; and atrial functional refractory period (AFRP)/A,. WLI was significantly shorter in LPAF than in the control group at each of the paced atrial sites independently of the formula used. Duration of premature atrial electrogram appeared to play the major role in determining the difference in WLI between patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and the control group.

Nature, Mar 29, 2023

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development NCD Ris... more Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)* Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being 1-6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5-19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m-2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.

Giornale di gerontologia, 1994

Digestive and Liver Disease, 2021

$Research paper thumbnail of Effects of flecainide on dispersion of atrial refractoriness in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation$

The Lancet, 2021

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments ... more Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including

Nature, 2020

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However... more High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, an...

eLife, 2021

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesit... more From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory ...

The Lancet, 2020

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019... more Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 1995

PADELETTI, L., et.al.: Wavelength Index at Three Atrial Sites in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial ... more PADELETTI, L., et.al.: Wavelength Index at Three Atrial Sites in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the wavelength index (WLI) at three atrial sites in a group of 23 patients with recurrent episodes of lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (LPAF) and a control group (n = 20). All patients underwent programmed atrial stimulation (paced cycle length = 600 ms) at high, medium, and low lateral right atrial wall. P wave duration, sinus cycle length, and corrected sinus node recovery time were not significantly different between the two study groups. WLI was calculated according to the following formulas: atrial effective refractory period (AERP)/duration of atrial extrastimulus electrogram (A2) or AERP/A2+ atrial latency; and atrial functional refractory period (AFRP)/A2. WLI was significantly shorter in LPAF than in the control group at each of the paced atrial sites independently of the formula used. Duration of premature atrial electr...

Computers in Cardiology, 2003, 2003

This study compares a neural network-based autoregressive exogenous (NNARX) model with a linear a... more This study compares a neural network-based autoregressive exogenous (NNARX) model with a linear autoregressive exogenous (ARX) model in reconstructing central aortic pulse curve from peripheral arterial pulse. Invasive aortic and radial tonometry pressures were recorded in 20 patients in rest condition. A set of 10 patients (learning) was used to estimate the model parameters, the remaining 10 patients (test set)

International Journal of Cardiology, 2007

Coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are infrequent congenital malformations, although some may be acq... more Coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are infrequent congenital malformations, although some may be acquired: iatrogenic (during thoracic surgery or PCI) or traumatic [1,2]. The incidence of CAFs has not been well defined but it is found in less than 0.2% of angiographic examinations. CAFs, even if rarely, may cause heart failure, spontaneous intrapericardial rupture or myocardial ischemia due to coronary “steal phenomenon” [3,4]. The literature reports very few cases of patients where a CAF was associated with a coronary artery disease (CAD) [5]. The consequences of this association on coronary haemodynamics and myocardial blood flow (BF) was poorly investigated.

Hypertension Research, 2013

Although globalization can contribute to increased blood pressure by spreading unhealthy behavior... more Although globalization can contribute to increased blood pressure by spreading unhealthy behaviors, it also provides powerful means to tackle hypertension. The dissemination of information about and advice on cardiovascular prevention and facilitated contact with health services are valuable resources. To investigate the effects of urbanization, geographical area, and air temperature on hypertension burden and kidney damage, a survey was performed in 2008 with a door-to-door approach among urban and rural adult dwellers of three geographic areas (capital, inland, coast) of Yemen. Subjects (n ¼ 10 242) received two visits several days apart to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension. Proteinuria (dipstick test X þ 1) was used as a marker of kidney damage. Prevalence rates were weighted to represent the Yemen population aged 15-69 years in 2008. Rates of hypertension and proteinuria progressively increased from the capital (6.4%; 95% confidence level (CI) 5.8-7.0 and 5.1%; 4.4-5.9, respectively), to inland areas (7.9%; 7.0-8.7 and 6.1%; 5.1-7.1), to the coastal area (10.1%; 8.9-11.4 and 8.9%; 7.3-10.4). When compared with urban dwellers, rural dwellers had similar hypertension prevalence (adjusted odds ratios (ORs) 1.03; 95% CI 0.91-1.17) but higher proteinuria rates (adjusted ORs 1.55; 1.31-1.85). Overall, home temperature was associated with a lower hypertension rate (adjusted OR 0.98; 0.96-0.99). This large population study reveals that the highest burden of hypertension and kidney damage is detectable in remote areas of the country.