Mohamed Gani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohamed Gani

IET Image Processing

Medical science is a challenging area for various problems associated with health care and there ... more Medical science is a challenging area for various problems associated with health care and there always exists scope for continuous medical research. The major challenges in medical imaging are in the region of lesion, segmentation and classification of tumours in the brain. Several technical challenge exists in the classification due to the variation in the tumour size, shape, texture information and location. There is a need for automatic identification of high-grade glioma (HGG) and lower-grade glioma (LGG). The management and grade of brain tumour depend on the depth of the tumour. Due to its irregular features, manual segmentation involves longer time and also increases the misclassification rate. Inspired by these issues, this paper introduces two automatic deep learning networks called U-Netbased deep convolution network and U-Net with dense network. The proposed method is evaluated in our own brain tumour image database consisting of 300 high-grade brain tumour cases and 200 normal cases. To improve the overall efficiency of the network, data augmentation is applied in both training and validation. The proposed U-Net-based Dense Convolutional Network (DenseNet) architecture is compared with the performance of U-Net architecture and concluded that the proposed DenseNet produces a higher dice value. The validation results have revealed that our proposed method can have better segmentation efficiency. Also, the performance of the proposed DenseNet achieved better results compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. Validation of the test images proves that segmented output classification of tumour risk and the normal region produces a sensitivity of 88.7%, Jaccard index of 0.839, dice score value of 0.911, F1 score of 0.906 and specificity of 100% using U-Net-based DenseNet architecture. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PLOS ONE, 2022

The use of holding regimens for people living with HIV (PLWH) without effective antiretroviral op... more The use of holding regimens for people living with HIV (PLWH) without effective antiretroviral options can have effects on outcomes and future treatment options. We aimed to investigate the use of holding regimens for PLWH in Asian countries. Data from adults enrolled in routine HIV care in IeDEA Asia-Pacific cohorts were included. Individuals were considered to be on holding regimen if they had been on combination antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months, had two confirmed viral loads (VL) ≥1000 copies/mL, and had remained on the same medications for at least 6 months. Survival time was analyzed using Fine and Gray’s competing risk regression. Factors associated with CD4 changes and VL <1000 copies/mL were analyzed using linear regression and logistic regression, respectively. A total of 425 PLWH (72.9% male; 45.2% high-income and 54.8% low-to-middle-income country) met criteria for being on a holding regimen. From high-income countries, 63.0% were on protease inhibitors (PI...

Rhodococcus infection in HIV infected patients: Clinical presentation and diagnoses

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020

for 3 months and reported directly to Health City Office Surveillance Department. Results: The mo... more for 3 months and reported directly to Health City Office Surveillance Department. Results: The morbidity of children under 5, in the buffer area were higher than in the flood affected area by 27%. 81% of cases of children under 5, in the buffer area within 3 months were Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, 12% were unspecified diarrhea. Only 27 children of 1.684 Children given Vitamin A were illness. No side affect or hypervitaminosis of vitamin A reported. Conclusion: Vitamin A supplementation is associated with reductions in illness problems in a range of settings compared to no treatment area in the buffer zone. Health Surveillance is maintained for approximately 3 months. However, there is a need for further studies comparing different doses and delivery mechanisms (for example, fortification). Until other sources are available, vitamin A supplements should be given to all children at risk of disaster, particularly where health access is limited.

This thesis describes the ethnolinguistic vitality of the indigenous Malays of Singapore forty-fi... more This thesis describes the ethnolinguistic vitality of the indigenous Malays of Singapore forty-five years after Singapore’s separation from Malaysia. The study sets out to explore the vitality of the Malay language in Singapore and the factors that influence it. It also seeks to know whether the Malay language has really come to a deficit in Singapore, in terms of language use. The general literature on this subject shows that sociolinguistic researches in Singapore are more focused on socio-psychological framework, especially when dealing with the Malay language-use situation. Such approach lacks the sociological framework that together would provide a holistic look at the issue of language use. The need for sociological approach becomes more apparent with the Singapore government’s interventionist stance in language planning and demographic engineering, because sociological factors condition the individual’s socio-psychological and interactional climate, apart from playing decisiv...

Validation of the D:A:D Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Score Model Among People Living With HIV in the Asia-Pacific

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2020

BACKGROUND We validated the Data collection on Adverse events of anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) full- and... more BACKGROUND We validated the Data collection on Adverse events of anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) full- and short-risk score models for CKD in the Asian HIV cohorts. SETTINGS A validation study among people living with HIV(PLHIV) aged ≥18 years among the cohorts in the Asia-Pacific region. METHODS PLHIV with baseline eGFR>60 mL/min/1.73m were included for validation of the D:A:D CKD full version and the short version without cardiovascular risk factors. Those with <3 eGFR measurements from baseline or previous exposure to potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals were excluded. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate the probability of CKD development. Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) was also used to validate the risk score. RESULTS We included 5,701 participants in full model(median 8.1 [IQR 4.8-10.9] years follow-up) and 9,791 in short model validation(median 4.9 [IQR 2.5-7.3] years follow-up). The crude incidence rate of CKD was 8.1 (95%CI 7.3-8.9) per 1,000 person-years(PYS) in the full model cohort and 10.5 (95%CI 9.6-11.4) per 1,000 PYS in the short model cohort. The progression rates for CKD at 10 years in the full model cohort were 2.7%, 8.9% and 26.1% for low-, medium- and high-risk groups, and 3.5%, 11.7% and 32.4% in the short model cohort. The AUROC for the full and short risk score was 0.81 (95%CI 0.79-0.83) and 0.83 (95%CI 0.81-0.85), respectively. CONCLUSION The D:A:D CKD full- and short-risk score performed well in predicting CKD events among Asian PLHIV. These risk prediction models may be useful to assist clinicians in identifying individuals at high risk of developing CKD.

JAMA, 2021

The WHO Rapid Evidence Appraisal for COVID-19 Therapies (REACT) Working Group IMPORTANCE Clinical... more The WHO Rapid Evidence Appraisal for COVID-19 Therapies (REACT) Working Group IMPORTANCE Clinical trials assessing the efficacy of IL-6 antagonists in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 have variously reported benefit, no effect, and harm. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between administration of IL-6 antagonists compared with usual care or placebo and 28-day all-cause mortality and other outcomes. DATA SOURCES Trials were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases between October 2020 and January 2021. Searches were not restricted by trial status or language. Additional trials were identified through contact with experts. STUDY SELECTION Eligible trials randomly assigned patients hospitalized for COVID-19 to a group in whom IL-6 antagonists were administered and to a group in whom neither IL-6 antagonists nor any other immunomodulators except corticosteroids were administered. Among 72 potentially eligible trials, 27 (37.5%) met study selection criteria. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS In this prospective meta-analysis, risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Inconsistency among trial results was assessed using the I 2 statistic. The primary analysis was an inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis of odds ratios (ORs) for 28-day all-cause mortality. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality at 28 days after randomization. There were 9 secondary outcomes including progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death and risk of secondary infection by 28 days. RESULTS A total of 10 930 patients (median age, 61 years [range of medians, 52-68 years]; 3560 [33%] were women) participating in 27 trials were included. By 28 days, there were 1407 deaths among 6449 patients randomized to IL-6 antagonists and 1158 deaths among 4481 patients randomized to usual care or placebo (summary OR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.79-0.95]; P = .003 based on a fixed-effects meta-analysis). This corresponds to an absolute mortality risk of 22% for IL-6 antagonists compared with an assumed mortality risk of 25% for usual care or placebo. The corresponding summary ORs were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.92; P < .001) for tocilizumab and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.86-1.36; P = .52) for sarilumab. The summary ORs for the association with mortality compared with usual care or placebo in those receiving corticosteroids were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.87) for tocilizumab and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.61-1.38) for sarilumab. The ORs for the association with progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death, compared with usual care or placebo, were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.70-0.85) for all IL-6 antagonists, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.66-0.82) for tocilizumab, and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.74-1.34) for sarilumab. Secondary infections by 28 days occurred in 21.9% of patients treated with IL-6 antagonists vs 17.6% of patients treated with usual care or placebo (OR accounting for trial sample sizes, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.85-1.16). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this prospective meta-analysis of clinical trials of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, administration of IL-6 antagonists, compared with usual care or placebo, was associated with lower 28-day all-cause mortality.

Journal of Adolescent Health, 2019

The aim of this article was to study the clinical and social outcomes of health care transition a... more The aim of this article was to study the clinical and social outcomes of health care transition among Asian adolescents and young adults with HIV (AYHIV). Methods: AYHIV who transferred from a pediatric to an adult clinic within the past year across five sites in Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam had clinical and laboratory evaluations and completed questionnaires about their health, socioeconomic factors, and transition experiences. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess associations with HIV viremia. Results: Of 93 AYHIV enrolled between June 2016 and April 2017, 56% were female, 87% acquired HIV through perinatal exposure, median age was 20 years (interquartile range [IQR] 18.5e21). Two-thirds were in a formal education program, 43% were employed, 43% of females and 35% of males were sexually active. Median lifetime antiretroviral therapy duration was 6.2 years (IQR 3.3 e10.7); 45% had received second-line therapy. Median CD4 was 601 cells/mm 3 (IQR 477e800); 82% IMPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTION As global survival rates for children with perinatally acquired HIV improve, these young people are increasingly responsible for their own care as they transition to adult care. Asian youth in this study report concerns about the negative social impact of Conflicts of interest: A.H.S. reports grants and travel funding to her institution from ViiV Healthcare. J.A. has received honoraria for participating in advisory meetings for ViiV Healthcare, Gilead, Merck, Roche, and AbbVie. P.R. reports independent scientific grant support outside the submitted work from Gilead Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc, Merck & Co, and ViiV Healthcare (through his institution); he has served on scientific advisory board for Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, Merck & Co, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries and on a Data Safety Monitoring Committee for Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc (all honoraria paid to institution).

Left atrial appendage closure without general anaesthesia

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 2016

European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO), 2016

Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2017

of outcomes achieved with squamous cell carcinomas of the anus in a single university hospital ov... more of outcomes achieved with squamous cell carcinomas of the anus in a single university hospital over the last two decades: clinical response rate, relapse and survival of 190 patients. 1

Test methods and devices for analyte isoforms

Journal of surgical oncology, Jan 13, 2016

Prone extralevator abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (ELAPE) has been introduced to improve... more Prone extralevator abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (ELAPE) has been introduced to improve the circumferential resection margins (CRM) compared with traditional APER. We present short-term results achieved with prone ELAPE preceded by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy during the last 5 years of activity. A retrospective review was conducted. Prone ELAPE operations performed between September 2010 and August 2014 at Leicester Royal Infirmary preceded by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Data regarding demographics, staging, neoadjuvant therapies, intraoperative perforations, and perineal complications were collected. Seventy-two patients were included. Pretreatment radiological T4 were 25.0%, histological T4 2.8%. Intraoperative perforations occurred in 2.8%, CRM was involved in 11.1%. Perineal complications consisted of superficial wound infections (20.8%), full thickness dehiscences (16.7%), hematomas (9.7%), pelvic collections (6.9%), and perineal hernias (5.6%). In our experience...

Pure alkaline phosphatase, its preparation and use

Steroids, 1994

Competitive time-resoived fluoroimmunoassays (FIAs) were developed for measuring 1,3,5(lO)-estrat... more Competitive time-resoived fluoroimmunoassays (FIAs) were developed for measuring 1,3,5(lO)-estratrien-3ol-17-one glucosiduronate (estrone 3-glucuronMe, E I3 G) and 5 [3-Pregnane-3~,20~-diol 3-glucasiduronate (pregnanediol 3-glucuronide, Pd3G) in unextracted urine. The assays are specific, detect 0.98 ng Ej3G/mL and 0.035 #g Pd3G/mL, measure 102.8 + 2.0°A of EI3G and 93.6 +. 2.9% of Pd3G added, and exhibit between and within assay coefficients of variation, respectively, of 5.3% and 7.1% for El 3G and 6.8 % and 7.8% for Pd3G. The urine matrix does not interfere with the assay. Urinary steroid glucuronide profiles measured by these FI As conform to those of urinary steroid glucuronides and serum estradiol and progesterone measured by other established immunoassays. These FIAs afford the advantages of non-radioisotopic procedures and urine sample collection (convenience, non-invasiveness, integration of pulsatile secretion) to evaluate menstrual function in epidemiological, medical, and athletic populations.

The Influencing Aspects of Atorvastatin on C-Reactive Protein and Lipid Profile in Patients with Stroke

International Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2009

Abstract: The present study was designed to determine the effects of atorvastatin on C-Reactive P... more Abstract: The present study was designed to determine the effects of atorvastatin on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and lipid profile in patients with stroke, since their anti-inflammatory properties have been investigated recently. Ninety five patients with or without stroke were ...

Molecular Diversity, 2004

This paper describes the application of two novel screening technologies, i.e. Domain Scan™ (24-a... more This paper describes the application of two novel screening technologies, i.e. Domain Scan™ (24-and 30-mer peptides) and Matrix Scan™ (24-mer peptides) technology, in the mapping of a discontinuous epitope on FSH-β for a series of 20 monoclonal antibodies. 11 out of 20 mAb's, mapping of which was not successful by conventional Pepscan™ technology (12-mer peptides), showed selective binding to peptide-constructs corresponding to the β3-loop of FSH in the Domain™ and/or Matrix Scan™. Systematic replacement analysis studies with peptide-construct 57 VYETVRVPGCAC-SAc-ADSLYTYPVATQ 81 revealed that for most mAb's the amino acids R 62 , A 70 , D 71 , and L 73 form the core of the epitope. A Domain Scan™ performed in the CO format showed highly selective binding for mAb's 1 and 2 with only three β1-β3 peptide-constructs covering the residues 60 TVRVPGCAHHADSLY 74 in combination with 10 IAIEKEECRFAI 21 , while for mAb 10 binding was observed with peptide-constructs containing the C-terminal residues 97 RGLGPSYCSFGEMKE 114 in combination with the residues 10 IAIEKEECRFAI 21. A Matrix Scan™ of mAb 17 showed that peptides from four different regions on FSH (1st strand β3loop, α1-loop, long α2-loop, det. loop) showed enhanced binding in combination with several 70 ADSL 73-containing peptides. BIACORE measurements with mAb's 1, 2, 13, and 17 using a set of 21 different peptide(-construct)s partially confirmed the Domain and Matrix Scan™ screening results. Only 24-and 33-mer peptides covering both the 1st and 2nd strand of the β3-loop showed measurable binding. Cyclic β3-loop peptide mimics were found to bind significantly stronger (K d ∼ 5 µM) than the lineair analogues, in agreement with the fact that the discontinuous epitope is part of a loop structure. Coupling of the lineair β1-peptide 10 IAIEKEECRFAI 21 to the linear β3-peptide * 52 TFKELVYETVRVPGCAHHADSLYTYPVATQAH 83 # via disulfide bond formation showed a 2-3 fold increase in K d , thus conforming participation of the β 1-loop in antibody binding for these mAb's.

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 2013

We present a new 2-D analytical solution of the fourth-order differential equation, which describ... more We present a new 2-D analytical solution of the fourth-order differential equation, which describes the flexure of a thin elastic plate. The new analytical solution allows the differential equation for an elastic plate to be solved for any irregular shaped topography with a high spatial resolution. We apply the new method to the Central Andes. The flexural rigidity distribution calculated by this technique correlates well with tectonic units and the location of fault zones, for example, the Central Andean Gravity High correlates with the presence of a rigid, high-density body.

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 2004

Measurement of reproductive hormones in urine is a practical way of obtaining large amounts of in... more Measurement of reproductive hormones in urine is a practical way of obtaining large amounts of information; however, there is still controversy on how to overcome problems derived from volume fluctuations between samples. Creatinine adjustment is a widely accepted solution, however, it introduces an extra cost, and large studies involving multiple sequential determinations would benefit from more economical solutions.We determined the value of creatinine adjustment, and compared it with a mathematical method that uses the smoothed profile of pregnanediol (PdG) as a reference to adjust other hormonal markers. To do this, we investigated the effects on three major urinary reproductive hormonal markers (luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone 3-glucuronide (E1G) and PdG) in 17 complete menstrual cycles. Detection of the day of LH peak did not differ between raw and adjusted data. Creatinine adjustment reduced variation in pre-ovulatory E1G levels between individuals, though the effect was ne...