Mohamed Salem - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohamed Salem

Research paper thumbnail of Immunomodulatory effects of IL-12 released from poly-N-acetyl glucosamine gel matrix during schistosomiasis infection

We have reported recently that Interleu-kin-12 (IL-12) released from poly-N-acetyl glucosa-mine g... more We have reported recently that Interleu-kin-12 (IL-12) released from poly-N-acetyl glucosa-mine gel matrix (F2 gel/IL-12) is more effective than free IL-12 to enhance vaccination of mice with Schistosoma soluble worm antigen preparation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of F2 gel/IL-12 on the inflammatory responses in mice undergoing schistosomiasis infection in absence of vaccination. To achieve this, mice undergoing Schistosoma man-soni infection or cured from this infection, after treatment with praziquantil (PZQ), were treated with subcutaneous injection of IL-12 for 3 consecutive days or once with F2 gel loaded with IL-12 (F2 gel/IL-12). The treatment was started on day 35 days after infection. For infection, mice were infected with 100 cercariae of S. mansoni using tail immersion method. We found that treatment with F2 gel/IL-12 induced significant decreases in the egg burden with a moderate reduction in the size of granuloma and decrease in the cellular granulomatous reaction in the lung as compared to infected mice treated with IL-12. These effects of F2 gel/IL-12 were more pronounced in infected mice previously treated with the anti-schis-tosomal drug PZQ. The total numbers of white blood cells in all treated mice showed similar profile. Treatment with IL-12 or F2 gel/IL-12, however, showed significant reduction in the number of mono-nuclear cells when compared with non-treated infected mice. In conclusion, this study showed the ability of IL-12 released from F2 gel to lower the inflammatory response to Schistosoma infection even in absence of vaccination.

Research paper thumbnail of Immunostimulatory Effects of Triggering TLR3 Signaling Pathway — Implication for Cancer Immunotherapy

Research paper thumbnail of Immunotoxicity of cadmium chloride in mice

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of estradiol and progesterone on the distribution of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues in mice

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Dexamethasone on Phenotyping of Dendritic Cells: In vitro and in vivo Study

Science, Technology and Development

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Paracrine delivery of IL-12 released from poly-N-acetyl glucosamine gel matrix induces comparable adjuvant effects to its systemic delivery in schistosomiasis sitting without toxicity

Research paper thumbnail of Cellular and molecular aspects of Goodpasture syndrome

Research paper thumbnail of The role of caspase activation and mitochondrial depolarisation in cultured human apoptotic eosinophils

Caspases are key intracellular molecules in the control of apoptosis, but little is known concern... more Caspases are key intracellular molecules in the control of apoptosis, but little is known concerning their relative contribution to the cascade of events leading to eosinophil apoptosis. We examined caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities in receptor ligation dependent apoptosis induction in the cultured eosinophils (CE). CE cultured alone for 48 hours exhibited constitutive apoptosis (12% ± 1.2). Significant (P < 0.05) enhancement of eosinophil apoptosis was observed following monoclonal antibody (Mab) treatment with CD45 (40% ± 0.7), CD95 (36% ± 1.6), or CD69 (34% ± 0.2). Caspase activity was analysed using the novel CaspaTagTM technique and flow cytometry. CE ligated with CD45 (Bra55), CD95 (Fas) and CD69 Mab resulted in caspase-3 and -9 activation after 16 hours post-ligation. This trend in caspase-3 and -9 activation continued to increase significantly through to the 20 and 24 hours time points when compared to isotype control. Activated up-stream caspase-8 was detected 16 and 20 hours after treatment with CD45, CD95 and

Research paper thumbnail of The Haemopoietic Stem Cell- Between Apoptosis and Self Renewal

Self renewal and apoptosis of haemopoietic stem cells (HSC † ) represent major factors that deter... more Self renewal and apoptosis of haemopoietic stem cells (HSC † ) represent major factors that determine the size of the haemopoietic cell mass. Changes in self renewal above or below the steady state value of 0.5 will result in either bone marrow expansion or aplasia, respectively. Despite the growing body of research that describes the potential role of HSC, there is still very little information on the mechanisms that govern HSC self renewal and apoptosis. Considerable insight into the role of HSC in many diseases has been gained in recent years. In light of their crucial importance, this article reviews recent developments in the understanding of the molecular, biological, and physiological characteristics of haemopoietic stem cells.

Research paper thumbnail of Protective effects of Nigella sativa oil and thymoquinone against toxicity induced by the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide. Br J Biomed Sci

British journal of biomedical science

Constituents of the Nigella sativa seed are reported to possess potent antioxidant effects. Treat... more Constituents of the Nigella sativa seed are reported to possess potent antioxidant effects. Treatment with anticancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CTX) is associated with significant toxicity due to over-production of reactive oxygen species, resulting in increased levels of oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to test whether or not N. sativa L oil (NSO) or its active ingredient, thymoquinone (TQ), can reduce CTX-induced toxicity. Male albino rats were treated with intraperitoneal administration of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or 200 mg/Kg CTX followed by intragastric administration of NSO or TQ on alternate days for 12 days. Administration of NSO and TQ was initiated 6 h before or after CTX injection. Twenty-four hours after the last NSO and TQ treatment, blood and liver were harvested to analyse toxicity-related parameters. Treatment with CTX induced significant toxicity as shown by decrease in haemoglobin concentration and increases in blood sugar levels, activities ...

Research paper thumbnail of Paracrine delivery of low non-toxic levels of IL-12 from poly-N-acetyl gluucosamine gel (F2 gel) matrix lowered the liver and lung fibrosis induced by Schistosoma mansoni eggs

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Dexamethasone on Phenotyping of Dendritic Cells: In vitro and in vivo Study

Science, Technology and Development, 2015

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Next-Generation Sequencing and Functional Genomic Analysis in Rainbow Trout

Saroglia/Functional Genomics in Aquaculture, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of In vitro and in vivo studies of the immunomodulatory effect of Echinacea purpurea on dendritic cells

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 2015

Background: Extracts of Echinacea have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse types... more Background: Extracts of Echinacea have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse types of infections and wounds. They have become very familiar immunostimulant herbal medicine. However, the specific immunomodulatory effect of Echinacea remains to be elucidated.

Research paper thumbnail of Sterol Composition and Biosynthetic Genes of Vitrella brassicaformis, A Recently Discovered Chromerid: Comparison to Chromera velia and Phylogenetic Relationship to Apicomplexan Parasites

The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, Jan 20, 2015

Vitrella brassicaformis is the second discovered species in the Chromerida, and first in the fami... more Vitrella brassicaformis is the second discovered species in the Chromerida, and first in the family Vitrellaceae. Chromera velia, the first discovered species, forms an independent photosynthetic lineage with V. brassicaformis, and both are closely related to peridinin-containing dinoflagellates and non-photosynthetic apicomplexans; both also show phylogenetic closeness with red algal plastids.. We have utilized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify two free sterols, 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol, and a minor unknown sterol which appeared to be a C28:4 compound. We have also used RNA Seq analysis to identify seven genes found in the non-mevalonate/methylerythritol pathway (MEP) for sterol biosynthesis. Subsequent genome analysis of V. brassicaformis showed the presence of two mevalonate (MVA) pathway genes, though the genes were not observed in the transcriptome analysis. Transcripts from four genes (dxr, ispf, ispd, and idi) were selected and translated into protein...

Research paper thumbnail of Transcriptome Assembly, Gene Annotation and Tissue Gene Expression Atlas of the Rainbow Trout

PLOS ONE, 2015

Efforts to obtain a comprehensive genome sequence for rainbow trout are ongoing and will be compl... more Efforts to obtain a comprehensive genome sequence for rainbow trout are ongoing and will be complemented by transcriptome information that will enhance genome assembly and annotation. Previously, transcriptome reference sequences were reported using data from different sources. Although the previous work added a great wealth of sequences, a complete and well-annotated transcriptome is still needed. In addition, gene expression in different tissues was not completely addressed in the previous studies. In this study, non-normalized cDNA libraries were sequenced from 13 different tissues of a single doubled haploid rainbow trout from the same source used for the rainbow trout genome sequence. A total of ~1.167 billion paired-end reads were de novo assembled using the Trinity RNA-Seq assembler yielding 474,524 contigs &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 500 base-pairs. Of them, 287,593 had homologies to the NCBI non-redundant protein database. The longest contig of each cluster was selected as a reference, yielding 44,990 representative contigs. A total of 4,146 contigs (9.2%), including 710 full-length sequences, did not match any mRNA sequences in the current rainbow trout genome reference. Mapping reads to the reference genome identified an additional 11,843 transcripts not annotated in the genome. A digital gene expression atlas revealed 7,678 housekeeping and 4,021 tissue-specific genes. Expression of about 16,000-32,000 genes (35-71% of the identified genes) accounted for basic and specialized functions of each tissue. White muscle and stomach had the least complex transcriptomes, with high percentages of their total mRNA contributed by a small number of genes. Brain, testis and intestine, in contrast, had complex transcriptomes, with a large numbers of genes involved in their expression patterns. This study provides comprehensive de novo transcriptome information that is suitable for functional and comparative genomics studies in rainbow trout, including annotation of the genome.

Research paper thumbnail of Thymoquinone, the active ingredient of Nigella sativa seeds, enhances survival and activity of antigen-specific CD8-positive T cells in vitro

British journal of biomedical science, 2011

Recent preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence that adoptive transfer of in vitro activ... more Recent preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence that adoptive transfer of in vitro activated T cells can results in significant antitumour responses in vivo upon acquisition of certain survival and homing properties during in vitro activation. Based on recent studies showing in vivo antioxidant effects of thymoquinone (TQ), the active ingredient of Nigella sativa seeds, this study aims to determine whether or not TQ can increase survival and sustain the expression of the homing receptor CD62L in antigen-specific T cells in vitro. The results showed that stimulation of OT-1 (transgenic CD+) T cells with OVA antigen resulted in activation, as shown by a decrease in the surface expression of CD62L which coincided with significant apoptosis measured three and five days after antigen stimulation. Addition of low concentrations of TQ during CD85+ T-cell activation resulted in enhanced survival of the activated T cells and sustained expression of CD62L. These effects coincided wit...

Research paper thumbnail of Using the treated acid mine water for the rainbow trout production at Dogwood Lake in West Virginia

Research paper thumbnail of Cloning and Expression Profiling of Fetal Ovary-Expressed MicroRNAs in Cattle

Research paper thumbnail of Identification and molecular characterization of the rainbow trout calpain catalytic subunits (Capn1 and Capn2): Up-regulated expression of the muscle Capn2 during starvation

Research paper thumbnail of Immunomodulatory effects of IL-12 released from poly-N-acetyl glucosamine gel matrix during schistosomiasis infection

We have reported recently that Interleu-kin-12 (IL-12) released from poly-N-acetyl glucosa-mine g... more We have reported recently that Interleu-kin-12 (IL-12) released from poly-N-acetyl glucosa-mine gel matrix (F2 gel/IL-12) is more effective than free IL-12 to enhance vaccination of mice with Schistosoma soluble worm antigen preparation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of F2 gel/IL-12 on the inflammatory responses in mice undergoing schistosomiasis infection in absence of vaccination. To achieve this, mice undergoing Schistosoma man-soni infection or cured from this infection, after treatment with praziquantil (PZQ), were treated with subcutaneous injection of IL-12 for 3 consecutive days or once with F2 gel loaded with IL-12 (F2 gel/IL-12). The treatment was started on day 35 days after infection. For infection, mice were infected with 100 cercariae of S. mansoni using tail immersion method. We found that treatment with F2 gel/IL-12 induced significant decreases in the egg burden with a moderate reduction in the size of granuloma and decrease in the cellular granulomatous reaction in the lung as compared to infected mice treated with IL-12. These effects of F2 gel/IL-12 were more pronounced in infected mice previously treated with the anti-schis-tosomal drug PZQ. The total numbers of white blood cells in all treated mice showed similar profile. Treatment with IL-12 or F2 gel/IL-12, however, showed significant reduction in the number of mono-nuclear cells when compared with non-treated infected mice. In conclusion, this study showed the ability of IL-12 released from F2 gel to lower the inflammatory response to Schistosoma infection even in absence of vaccination.

Research paper thumbnail of Immunostimulatory Effects of Triggering TLR3 Signaling Pathway — Implication for Cancer Immunotherapy

Research paper thumbnail of Immunotoxicity of cadmium chloride in mice

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of estradiol and progesterone on the distribution of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues in mice

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Dexamethasone on Phenotyping of Dendritic Cells: In vitro and in vivo Study

Science, Technology and Development

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Paracrine delivery of IL-12 released from poly-N-acetyl glucosamine gel matrix induces comparable adjuvant effects to its systemic delivery in schistosomiasis sitting without toxicity

Research paper thumbnail of Cellular and molecular aspects of Goodpasture syndrome

Research paper thumbnail of The role of caspase activation and mitochondrial depolarisation in cultured human apoptotic eosinophils

Caspases are key intracellular molecules in the control of apoptosis, but little is known concern... more Caspases are key intracellular molecules in the control of apoptosis, but little is known concerning their relative contribution to the cascade of events leading to eosinophil apoptosis. We examined caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities in receptor ligation dependent apoptosis induction in the cultured eosinophils (CE). CE cultured alone for 48 hours exhibited constitutive apoptosis (12% ± 1.2). Significant (P < 0.05) enhancement of eosinophil apoptosis was observed following monoclonal antibody (Mab) treatment with CD45 (40% ± 0.7), CD95 (36% ± 1.6), or CD69 (34% ± 0.2). Caspase activity was analysed using the novel CaspaTagTM technique and flow cytometry. CE ligated with CD45 (Bra55), CD95 (Fas) and CD69 Mab resulted in caspase-3 and -9 activation after 16 hours post-ligation. This trend in caspase-3 and -9 activation continued to increase significantly through to the 20 and 24 hours time points when compared to isotype control. Activated up-stream caspase-8 was detected 16 and 20 hours after treatment with CD45, CD95 and

Research paper thumbnail of The Haemopoietic Stem Cell- Between Apoptosis and Self Renewal

Self renewal and apoptosis of haemopoietic stem cells (HSC † ) represent major factors that deter... more Self renewal and apoptosis of haemopoietic stem cells (HSC † ) represent major factors that determine the size of the haemopoietic cell mass. Changes in self renewal above or below the steady state value of 0.5 will result in either bone marrow expansion or aplasia, respectively. Despite the growing body of research that describes the potential role of HSC, there is still very little information on the mechanisms that govern HSC self renewal and apoptosis. Considerable insight into the role of HSC in many diseases has been gained in recent years. In light of their crucial importance, this article reviews recent developments in the understanding of the molecular, biological, and physiological characteristics of haemopoietic stem cells.

Research paper thumbnail of Protective effects of Nigella sativa oil and thymoquinone against toxicity induced by the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide. Br J Biomed Sci

British journal of biomedical science

Constituents of the Nigella sativa seed are reported to possess potent antioxidant effects. Treat... more Constituents of the Nigella sativa seed are reported to possess potent antioxidant effects. Treatment with anticancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CTX) is associated with significant toxicity due to over-production of reactive oxygen species, resulting in increased levels of oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to test whether or not N. sativa L oil (NSO) or its active ingredient, thymoquinone (TQ), can reduce CTX-induced toxicity. Male albino rats were treated with intraperitoneal administration of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or 200 mg/Kg CTX followed by intragastric administration of NSO or TQ on alternate days for 12 days. Administration of NSO and TQ was initiated 6 h before or after CTX injection. Twenty-four hours after the last NSO and TQ treatment, blood and liver were harvested to analyse toxicity-related parameters. Treatment with CTX induced significant toxicity as shown by decrease in haemoglobin concentration and increases in blood sugar levels, activities ...

Research paper thumbnail of Paracrine delivery of low non-toxic levels of IL-12 from poly-N-acetyl gluucosamine gel (F2 gel) matrix lowered the liver and lung fibrosis induced by Schistosoma mansoni eggs

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Dexamethasone on Phenotyping of Dendritic Cells: In vitro and in vivo Study

Science, Technology and Development, 2015

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Next-Generation Sequencing and Functional Genomic Analysis in Rainbow Trout

Saroglia/Functional Genomics in Aquaculture, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of In vitro and in vivo studies of the immunomodulatory effect of Echinacea purpurea on dendritic cells

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 2015

Background: Extracts of Echinacea have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse types... more Background: Extracts of Echinacea have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse types of infections and wounds. They have become very familiar immunostimulant herbal medicine. However, the specific immunomodulatory effect of Echinacea remains to be elucidated.

Research paper thumbnail of Sterol Composition and Biosynthetic Genes of Vitrella brassicaformis, A Recently Discovered Chromerid: Comparison to Chromera velia and Phylogenetic Relationship to Apicomplexan Parasites

The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, Jan 20, 2015

Vitrella brassicaformis is the second discovered species in the Chromerida, and first in the fami... more Vitrella brassicaformis is the second discovered species in the Chromerida, and first in the family Vitrellaceae. Chromera velia, the first discovered species, forms an independent photosynthetic lineage with V. brassicaformis, and both are closely related to peridinin-containing dinoflagellates and non-photosynthetic apicomplexans; both also show phylogenetic closeness with red algal plastids.. We have utilized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify two free sterols, 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol, and a minor unknown sterol which appeared to be a C28:4 compound. We have also used RNA Seq analysis to identify seven genes found in the non-mevalonate/methylerythritol pathway (MEP) for sterol biosynthesis. Subsequent genome analysis of V. brassicaformis showed the presence of two mevalonate (MVA) pathway genes, though the genes were not observed in the transcriptome analysis. Transcripts from four genes (dxr, ispf, ispd, and idi) were selected and translated into protein...

Research paper thumbnail of Transcriptome Assembly, Gene Annotation and Tissue Gene Expression Atlas of the Rainbow Trout

PLOS ONE, 2015

Efforts to obtain a comprehensive genome sequence for rainbow trout are ongoing and will be compl... more Efforts to obtain a comprehensive genome sequence for rainbow trout are ongoing and will be complemented by transcriptome information that will enhance genome assembly and annotation. Previously, transcriptome reference sequences were reported using data from different sources. Although the previous work added a great wealth of sequences, a complete and well-annotated transcriptome is still needed. In addition, gene expression in different tissues was not completely addressed in the previous studies. In this study, non-normalized cDNA libraries were sequenced from 13 different tissues of a single doubled haploid rainbow trout from the same source used for the rainbow trout genome sequence. A total of ~1.167 billion paired-end reads were de novo assembled using the Trinity RNA-Seq assembler yielding 474,524 contigs &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 500 base-pairs. Of them, 287,593 had homologies to the NCBI non-redundant protein database. The longest contig of each cluster was selected as a reference, yielding 44,990 representative contigs. A total of 4,146 contigs (9.2%), including 710 full-length sequences, did not match any mRNA sequences in the current rainbow trout genome reference. Mapping reads to the reference genome identified an additional 11,843 transcripts not annotated in the genome. A digital gene expression atlas revealed 7,678 housekeeping and 4,021 tissue-specific genes. Expression of about 16,000-32,000 genes (35-71% of the identified genes) accounted for basic and specialized functions of each tissue. White muscle and stomach had the least complex transcriptomes, with high percentages of their total mRNA contributed by a small number of genes. Brain, testis and intestine, in contrast, had complex transcriptomes, with a large numbers of genes involved in their expression patterns. This study provides comprehensive de novo transcriptome information that is suitable for functional and comparative genomics studies in rainbow trout, including annotation of the genome.

Research paper thumbnail of Thymoquinone, the active ingredient of Nigella sativa seeds, enhances survival and activity of antigen-specific CD8-positive T cells in vitro

British journal of biomedical science, 2011

Recent preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence that adoptive transfer of in vitro activ... more Recent preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence that adoptive transfer of in vitro activated T cells can results in significant antitumour responses in vivo upon acquisition of certain survival and homing properties during in vitro activation. Based on recent studies showing in vivo antioxidant effects of thymoquinone (TQ), the active ingredient of Nigella sativa seeds, this study aims to determine whether or not TQ can increase survival and sustain the expression of the homing receptor CD62L in antigen-specific T cells in vitro. The results showed that stimulation of OT-1 (transgenic CD+) T cells with OVA antigen resulted in activation, as shown by a decrease in the surface expression of CD62L which coincided with significant apoptosis measured three and five days after antigen stimulation. Addition of low concentrations of TQ during CD85+ T-cell activation resulted in enhanced survival of the activated T cells and sustained expression of CD62L. These effects coincided wit...

Research paper thumbnail of Using the treated acid mine water for the rainbow trout production at Dogwood Lake in West Virginia

Research paper thumbnail of Cloning and Expression Profiling of Fetal Ovary-Expressed MicroRNAs in Cattle

Research paper thumbnail of Identification and molecular characterization of the rainbow trout calpain catalytic subunits (Capn1 and Capn2): Up-regulated expression of the muscle Capn2 during starvation

Research paper thumbnail of Intertidal zone ecosystem-ecology

The paper describe an introduction to the marine intertidal zone, its components and its habitat.

Research paper thumbnail of Toxicological assessment on white spotted puffefish (Arothon hispidus)

Puffer fishes belonging to Tetrodontidae have been known for its toxicants of Tetrodotoxin. An ex... more Puffer fishes belonging to Tetrodontidae have been known for its toxicants of Tetrodotoxin. An experiment has been done to determine toxicity of different size of Arothron hispidus and the variability of toxication within organs.