Mohammad Arbabi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Mohammad Arbabi
The high comorbidity of medical and psychiatric diagnoses in the general hospital population requ... more The high comorbidity of medical and psychiatric diagnoses in the general hospital population requires collaboration between various medical fields to provide comprehensive health care. This study aims to find the rate of psychiatric consultations, their timing and overall diagnostic trend in comparison to previous studies. Tehran University of Medical Sciences has got an active psychiatric consultation-liaison service which includes services provided by four faculty psychiatrists (two full-time and two part-time). This study was done in two general hospitals by simple sampling in available cases. For each consultation, a board-certified faculty psychiatrist conducted a clinical evaluation based on DSM-IV-TR. Other than psychiatric diagnoses, socio-demographic variables, relative consultation rates, reasons for referral, medical diagnoses and the time stay after admission were assessed. Among 503 patients who were visited by the consultation-liaison service, there were 54.3% female w...
The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has currently become the standard treatment for ... more The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has currently become the standard treatment for preventing sudden cardiac death. There are some psychological consequences in patients with ICD such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the shocks induced by ICD. This report aimed to present the case of a 54-year-old man with ICD who had developed PTSD; his PTSD was treated, using cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy consisting of relaxation, mindfulness and problem solving techniques. In patients with ICD who are experiencing PTSD using cognitive behavioral interventions may be helpful to reduce their psychological sufferings.
Objective: Bone Marrow Transplantation is considered one of the main procedures used in the treat... more Objective: Bone Marrow Transplantation is considered one of the main procedures used in the treatment of both malignant and non-malignant diseases. Psychological factors after Bone Marrow Transplantation have an important role in the survival of the patients undergoing this procedure. Method: In the present study, some parameters including depression, anxiety and cognition were assessed during both pre and post-transplantation in patients undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation. The evaluations were performed by utilizing several questionnaires including Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Wechsler Memory Scale within 72 hours after hospitalization (pre-transplantation) and one month after transplantation (post-transplantation). All patients received intensive chemotherapy during the first 72 hours after hospitalization. Paired t test was used to compare pre and post values. SPSS (version 18) was used to analysis the data. The significance level was defined as p < 0.05. Resu...
Knowledge management system (KMS), as a class of information system, promotes KM practices and in... more Knowledge management system (KMS), as a class of information system, promotes KM practices and initiatives. KMS usage brings about organizational performance. However, although KMS has been around for quite a long time, it has been underused or its usage has led to failure, particularly in the context of oil and gas industry. Few causal studies on the effect of KMS usage on organizational performance have been evidenced though they are inconclusive; however, such study in the context of developing economy has rarely been conducted. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to investigate the influence of KMS usage on organizational performance in a developing economy, Pakistan. This research focuses on understanding the determinants of KMS usage towards organizational performance. The study employed a cross-sectional survey approach and involved 813 knowledge workers in oil and gas industry in the context of a developing country, Pakistan. However, the current paper focuses o...
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 2018
Objective: Frequent use of opioids produces reactive oxygen species, upregulates inflammatory fac... more Objective: Frequent use of opioids produces reactive oxygen species, upregulates inflammatory factors, and contributes to opiate dependence. In this study, we examined perturbations of plasma oxidative and inflammatory markers in patients with opioid use disorder in two phases. In the first phase, we compared the oxidative status in patients with opioid use disorders and in healthy controls; and in the second phase, we examined oxidative changes before and after methadone maintenance treatment. Method: To explore whether oxidative changes were associated with opioid use disorder, we compared plasma oxidative and inflammatory markers in patients with opioid use disorder and in smoking and non-smoking healthy participants. All participants completed measures of catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), and TNF-α at baseline. Baseline measures were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. In the second phase, to e...
Objective: Cardiac diseases are psychosomatic disorders, and psychological aspects play an essent... more Objective: Cardiac diseases are psychosomatic disorders, and psychological aspects play an essential role in their initiation and exacerbation. The aim of this study was to gain appropriate knowledge in the epidemiology of co-morbid depression and anxiety disorder in cardiovascular outpatients. Method: This study is descriptive with a sample of patients attending a cardio-vascular clinic. 238 individuals were included in this study using a consecutive sampling method. The study instrument was Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire, which is a clinical scale for assessing anxiety and depression. Results: Of the 238 participants in this study, 93(38.7%) were male and 146 (61.3%) female. 28.5% of patients suffered from anxiety disorders , and 41.9% had depression. Regarding comorbid diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, the severity of depression was just related to hypertension. There was a meaningful relationship between gender and s...
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 2010
Objective Bad news disclosure is one of the most complex tasks of physicians. Recent evidences in... more Objective Bad news disclosure is one of the most complex tasks of physicians. Recent evidences indicate that patients' and physicians' attitude toward breaking bad news has been changed since few years ago. The evidence of breaking bad news is different across cultures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the attitude of medical staff toward breaking bad news to provide a clinical guideline in Iran. Methods A descriptive study was conducted during 2008-2009 on a sample of 100 medical staff (50 physicians and 50 nurses) at Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini hospital. The subjects' demographic characteristics and their attitudes toward the manner of revealing the diagnosis were registered in a questionnaire. Results The majority of the physicians (86%, n=43) and nurses (74%, n=37), mostly the older and more experienced, tended to reveal the diagnosis to patients. Only a few physicians (8%, n=4) had been trained how to disclose bad news, which discloused diagnosis more than...
Archives of Iranian medicine, 2020
BACKGROUND Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged ... more BACKGROUND Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged cognitive impairments, resulting in long-term problems with their real-life activities. Given the urgent need for evidence-based recommendations for neuropsychological management of Iranian TBI patients, the current work aimed to adapt eligible international guidelines for cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of the TBI patients in Iran. METHODS The project was led by an executive committee, under the supervision of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). Following a systematic literature search and selection process, four guidelines were included for adaptation. Clinical recommendations of the source guidelines were tabulated as possible clinical scenarios for 90 PICO clinical questions covering all relevant phases of care. After summing up the scenarios, our initial list of recommendations was drafted according to the Iranian patients' conditions. The final...
Objective Cardiac diseases are psycho-somatic disorders, and psychological aspects play an essent... more Objective Cardiac diseases are psycho-somatic disorders, and psychological aspects play an essential role in their initiation and exacerbation. The aim of this study was to gain appropriate knowledge in the epidemiology of co-morbid depression and anxiety disorder in cardiovascular outpatients. Method This study is descriptive with a sample of patients attending a cardio-vascular clinic. 238 individuals were included in this study using a consecutive sampling method. The study instrument was Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire, which is a clinical scale for assessing anxiety and depression. Results Of the 238 participants in this study, 93(38.7%) were male and 146 (61.3%) female. 28.5% of patients suffered from anxiety disorders, and 41.9% had depression. Regarding comorbid diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, the severity of depression was just related to hypertension. There was a meaningful relationship between gender and symp...
The high comorbidity of medical and psychiatric diagnoses in the general hospital population requ... more The high comorbidity of medical and psychiatric diagnoses in the general hospital population requires collaboration between various medical fields to provide comprehensive health care. This study aims to find the rate of psychiatric consultations, their timing and overall diagnostic trend in comparison to previous studies. Tehran University of Medical Sciences has got an active psychiatric consultation-liaison service which includes services provided by four faculty psychiatrists (two full-time and two part-time). This study was done in two general hospitals by simple sampling in available cases. For each consultation, a board-certified faculty psychiatrist conducted a clinical evaluation based on DSM-IV-TR. Other than psychiatric diagnoses, socio-demographic variables, relative consultation rates, reasons for referral, medical diagnoses and the time stay after admission were assessed. Among 503 patients who were visited by the consultation-liaison service, there were 54.3% female w...
In late 2019, the COVID-19 epidemic began in Wuhan, China, which quickly spread around the world,... more In late 2019, the COVID-19 epidemic began in Wuhan, China, which quickly spread around the world, becoming an international concern and pandemic. As with previous SARS and Influenza H1N1 pandemics, medical staffs providing services to patients are exposed to increased levels of mental stress. This review article introduces these symptoms based on the experience of previous pandemics and the data available on COVID-19 pandemic, introducing the underlying and protective factors against mental distress. Evidence suggests that levels of stress, depression and anxiety symptoms increase in health care providers. Moreover, these symptoms are more common in women, nurses, and people who are at the frontline of providing health care services for COVID-19 patients. Given the need to pay attention to maintain and promote the mental health of medical workers to provide effective services, this review offers suggestions to the effective management of these conditions at the individual and organi...
Introduction: The aim of this study is essay, the association between borderline ersonality disor... more Introduction: The aim of this study is essay, the association between borderline ersonality disorder and premenstrual syndrome in patients with borderline personality. Method: In this case -control study, 400 students at high schools stage of Education in Tehran, randomly selected. All the students were aged between 19-15 y , did not use OCP, regular menstrual cycles and cycle lengths (between 35-21 days) . PMS questionnaire and daily documentation of PMS symptoms questionnaire was completed by students in 2 menstrual cycles. How to record the exact symptoms of subjects were learned to patients. Individuals with PMS diagnosis were observed as of the case study group. Then people with borderline personality disorder based on utility (SCIDII) Identification and prevalence rates in the two groups that were studied. Results: The population in this study was 400 high school students who were randomly selected from the girls high schools in one aerie of Tehran city (the capital of IRAN)....
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
BACKGROUND Delirium is prevalent among hospitalised patients, especially in critically ill patien... more BACKGROUND Delirium is prevalent among hospitalised patients, especially in critically ill patients. Preventing delirium by recognising its modifiable risk factors could improve life quality, decrease mortality and restrain its devastating consequences. METHOD We investigated 50 patients who had been hospitalised in the general ICU and monitored them for developing delirium. We employed CAM and CAM-ICU Scales to assess delirium, RASS score to determine the consciousness level, HADS questionnaire for anxiety and depression, and the demographic data questionnaire. RESULTS We found that 20% of ICU patients developed delirium and found a meaningful correlation between the incident delirium, older ages, visual impairment, and higher anxiety and depression scores (HADS) of first and second days of hospitalisation. By utilising logistic regression, we found that older ages, visual impairment, higher anxiety and depression scores (HADS) of the first day of hospitalisation were statistically significant to predict the risk model of developing delirium. CONCLUSION Depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with higher odds of transitioning to delirium; so, at the admission time, it may be useful to screen patients for the symptoms of affective disorders, particularly, who are at higher risks for developing delirium.
Archives of Neuroscience
Background: Both epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are often ... more Background: Both epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are often associated with some degree of cognitive impairment. Video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosing PNES. This diagnostic procedure is costly and available in specific tertiary centers. Neuropsychological assessment can provide clues for the differential diagnosis of PNES and ES and help clarify the nature and etiology of these two disorders. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to compare the neuropsychological profiles of PNES and ES patients. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 30 patients with ES and 31 patients with PNES were compared by neuropsychiatric tests, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive examination (ACE), and California Verbal Learning test (CVLT). Results: There was a female predominance in the PNES group (female-to-male ratio = 4.16/1, P = 0.003). In the PNES group, 77.4% of th...
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Iranian journal of psychiatry, 2018
Delirium is a brain dysfunction syndrome. In most cases, this syndrome is neither diagnosed accur... more Delirium is a brain dysfunction syndrome. In most cases, this syndrome is neither diagnosed accurately nor treated properly. The incidence of delirium by itself increases hospitalization period, mortality rate and the cost in health spectrum. If appropriate attempts are not made to treat this complication, the outcomes could become worse. Thus, the present study aimed at conducting a review on medications which are prescribed to treat delirium and establishing a general view on their advantages and disadvantages. By searching Google Scholar, PsycINFO, Scopus, and PubMed databases as well as hand searching in key journals, data were collected without time and language limitation. After collecting the data, comparing the similar or contradictory information, and sorting them, the views of specialists were inquired and duly received via email. By acquiring consensus of opinions, the secondary manuscript was written in a narrative review form. This narrative review paper aimed at provid...
Iranian journal of psychiatry, 2018
Delirium is a clinical syndrome associated with multiple short- and long-term complications; ther... more Delirium is a clinical syndrome associated with multiple short- and long-term complications; therefore, prevention is an essential part of its management. This study was conducted to review the effective non-pharmacological interventions that can reduce the incidence or duration of delirium in critically ill patients. A search was made in PubMed, Scopus, Psych INFO and Google Scholar databases without any time constraints. The information available was collected and sorted, and a secondary study of narrative review was done. The views of specialists on this topic were received via email and included in the texts and recommendations. Delirium is a common, costly and potentially damaging illness in patients who are staying in hospitals, especially older patients in ICU. Thus, preventing delirium could be one of the most effective methods in preventing the complications. The present study aimed at conducting a review-validity study to generate a general view on the activities which mig...
Current psychiatry reports, Jan 26, 2018
This review discusses cultural trends, challenges, and approaches to assessment and treatment of ... more This review discusses cultural trends, challenges, and approaches to assessment and treatment of personality traits and disorders. Specific focus include current developments in the Asian, Italian, Iranian, and Australian societies, as well as the process of acculturation, following moves between cultures with the impact on healthy and disordered personality function. Each culture with its specific history, dimensions, values, and practices influences and gears the individual and family or group in unique ways that affect personality functioning. Similarly, each culture provides means of protection and assimilation as well as norms for acceptance and denunciations of specific behaviors and personality traits. The diagnosis of personality disorders and their treatment need to take into consideration the individual in the context of the culture and society in which they live. Core personality problems, especially emotion dysregulation and interpersonal functioning are specifically inf...
The high comorbidity of medical and psychiatric diagnoses in the general hospital population requ... more The high comorbidity of medical and psychiatric diagnoses in the general hospital population requires collaboration between various medical fields to provide comprehensive health care. This study aims to find the rate of psychiatric consultations, their timing and overall diagnostic trend in comparison to previous studies. Tehran University of Medical Sciences has got an active psychiatric consultation-liaison service which includes services provided by four faculty psychiatrists (two full-time and two part-time). This study was done in two general hospitals by simple sampling in available cases. For each consultation, a board-certified faculty psychiatrist conducted a clinical evaluation based on DSM-IV-TR. Other than psychiatric diagnoses, socio-demographic variables, relative consultation rates, reasons for referral, medical diagnoses and the time stay after admission were assessed. Among 503 patients who were visited by the consultation-liaison service, there were 54.3% female w...
The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has currently become the standard treatment for ... more The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has currently become the standard treatment for preventing sudden cardiac death. There are some psychological consequences in patients with ICD such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the shocks induced by ICD. This report aimed to present the case of a 54-year-old man with ICD who had developed PTSD; his PTSD was treated, using cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy consisting of relaxation, mindfulness and problem solving techniques. In patients with ICD who are experiencing PTSD using cognitive behavioral interventions may be helpful to reduce their psychological sufferings.
Objective: Bone Marrow Transplantation is considered one of the main procedures used in the treat... more Objective: Bone Marrow Transplantation is considered one of the main procedures used in the treatment of both malignant and non-malignant diseases. Psychological factors after Bone Marrow Transplantation have an important role in the survival of the patients undergoing this procedure. Method: In the present study, some parameters including depression, anxiety and cognition were assessed during both pre and post-transplantation in patients undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation. The evaluations were performed by utilizing several questionnaires including Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Wechsler Memory Scale within 72 hours after hospitalization (pre-transplantation) and one month after transplantation (post-transplantation). All patients received intensive chemotherapy during the first 72 hours after hospitalization. Paired t test was used to compare pre and post values. SPSS (version 18) was used to analysis the data. The significance level was defined as p < 0.05. Resu...
Knowledge management system (KMS), as a class of information system, promotes KM practices and in... more Knowledge management system (KMS), as a class of information system, promotes KM practices and initiatives. KMS usage brings about organizational performance. However, although KMS has been around for quite a long time, it has been underused or its usage has led to failure, particularly in the context of oil and gas industry. Few causal studies on the effect of KMS usage on organizational performance have been evidenced though they are inconclusive; however, such study in the context of developing economy has rarely been conducted. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to investigate the influence of KMS usage on organizational performance in a developing economy, Pakistan. This research focuses on understanding the determinants of KMS usage towards organizational performance. The study employed a cross-sectional survey approach and involved 813 knowledge workers in oil and gas industry in the context of a developing country, Pakistan. However, the current paper focuses o...
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 2018
Objective: Frequent use of opioids produces reactive oxygen species, upregulates inflammatory fac... more Objective: Frequent use of opioids produces reactive oxygen species, upregulates inflammatory factors, and contributes to opiate dependence. In this study, we examined perturbations of plasma oxidative and inflammatory markers in patients with opioid use disorder in two phases. In the first phase, we compared the oxidative status in patients with opioid use disorders and in healthy controls; and in the second phase, we examined oxidative changes before and after methadone maintenance treatment. Method: To explore whether oxidative changes were associated with opioid use disorder, we compared plasma oxidative and inflammatory markers in patients with opioid use disorder and in smoking and non-smoking healthy participants. All participants completed measures of catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), and TNF-α at baseline. Baseline measures were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. In the second phase, to e...
Objective: Cardiac diseases are psychosomatic disorders, and psychological aspects play an essent... more Objective: Cardiac diseases are psychosomatic disorders, and psychological aspects play an essential role in their initiation and exacerbation. The aim of this study was to gain appropriate knowledge in the epidemiology of co-morbid depression and anxiety disorder in cardiovascular outpatients. Method: This study is descriptive with a sample of patients attending a cardio-vascular clinic. 238 individuals were included in this study using a consecutive sampling method. The study instrument was Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire, which is a clinical scale for assessing anxiety and depression. Results: Of the 238 participants in this study, 93(38.7%) were male and 146 (61.3%) female. 28.5% of patients suffered from anxiety disorders , and 41.9% had depression. Regarding comorbid diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, the severity of depression was just related to hypertension. There was a meaningful relationship between gender and s...
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 2010
Objective Bad news disclosure is one of the most complex tasks of physicians. Recent evidences in... more Objective Bad news disclosure is one of the most complex tasks of physicians. Recent evidences indicate that patients' and physicians' attitude toward breaking bad news has been changed since few years ago. The evidence of breaking bad news is different across cultures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the attitude of medical staff toward breaking bad news to provide a clinical guideline in Iran. Methods A descriptive study was conducted during 2008-2009 on a sample of 100 medical staff (50 physicians and 50 nurses) at Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini hospital. The subjects' demographic characteristics and their attitudes toward the manner of revealing the diagnosis were registered in a questionnaire. Results The majority of the physicians (86%, n=43) and nurses (74%, n=37), mostly the older and more experienced, tended to reveal the diagnosis to patients. Only a few physicians (8%, n=4) had been trained how to disclose bad news, which discloused diagnosis more than...
Archives of Iranian medicine, 2020
BACKGROUND Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged ... more BACKGROUND Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged cognitive impairments, resulting in long-term problems with their real-life activities. Given the urgent need for evidence-based recommendations for neuropsychological management of Iranian TBI patients, the current work aimed to adapt eligible international guidelines for cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of the TBI patients in Iran. METHODS The project was led by an executive committee, under the supervision of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). Following a systematic literature search and selection process, four guidelines were included for adaptation. Clinical recommendations of the source guidelines were tabulated as possible clinical scenarios for 90 PICO clinical questions covering all relevant phases of care. After summing up the scenarios, our initial list of recommendations was drafted according to the Iranian patients' conditions. The final...
Objective Cardiac diseases are psycho-somatic disorders, and psychological aspects play an essent... more Objective Cardiac diseases are psycho-somatic disorders, and psychological aspects play an essential role in their initiation and exacerbation. The aim of this study was to gain appropriate knowledge in the epidemiology of co-morbid depression and anxiety disorder in cardiovascular outpatients. Method This study is descriptive with a sample of patients attending a cardio-vascular clinic. 238 individuals were included in this study using a consecutive sampling method. The study instrument was Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire, which is a clinical scale for assessing anxiety and depression. Results Of the 238 participants in this study, 93(38.7%) were male and 146 (61.3%) female. 28.5% of patients suffered from anxiety disorders, and 41.9% had depression. Regarding comorbid diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, the severity of depression was just related to hypertension. There was a meaningful relationship between gender and symp...
The high comorbidity of medical and psychiatric diagnoses in the general hospital population requ... more The high comorbidity of medical and psychiatric diagnoses in the general hospital population requires collaboration between various medical fields to provide comprehensive health care. This study aims to find the rate of psychiatric consultations, their timing and overall diagnostic trend in comparison to previous studies. Tehran University of Medical Sciences has got an active psychiatric consultation-liaison service which includes services provided by four faculty psychiatrists (two full-time and two part-time). This study was done in two general hospitals by simple sampling in available cases. For each consultation, a board-certified faculty psychiatrist conducted a clinical evaluation based on DSM-IV-TR. Other than psychiatric diagnoses, socio-demographic variables, relative consultation rates, reasons for referral, medical diagnoses and the time stay after admission were assessed. Among 503 patients who were visited by the consultation-liaison service, there were 54.3% female w...
In late 2019, the COVID-19 epidemic began in Wuhan, China, which quickly spread around the world,... more In late 2019, the COVID-19 epidemic began in Wuhan, China, which quickly spread around the world, becoming an international concern and pandemic. As with previous SARS and Influenza H1N1 pandemics, medical staffs providing services to patients are exposed to increased levels of mental stress. This review article introduces these symptoms based on the experience of previous pandemics and the data available on COVID-19 pandemic, introducing the underlying and protective factors against mental distress. Evidence suggests that levels of stress, depression and anxiety symptoms increase in health care providers. Moreover, these symptoms are more common in women, nurses, and people who are at the frontline of providing health care services for COVID-19 patients. Given the need to pay attention to maintain and promote the mental health of medical workers to provide effective services, this review offers suggestions to the effective management of these conditions at the individual and organi...
Introduction: The aim of this study is essay, the association between borderline ersonality disor... more Introduction: The aim of this study is essay, the association between borderline ersonality disorder and premenstrual syndrome in patients with borderline personality. Method: In this case -control study, 400 students at high schools stage of Education in Tehran, randomly selected. All the students were aged between 19-15 y , did not use OCP, regular menstrual cycles and cycle lengths (between 35-21 days) . PMS questionnaire and daily documentation of PMS symptoms questionnaire was completed by students in 2 menstrual cycles. How to record the exact symptoms of subjects were learned to patients. Individuals with PMS diagnosis were observed as of the case study group. Then people with borderline personality disorder based on utility (SCIDII) Identification and prevalence rates in the two groups that were studied. Results: The population in this study was 400 high school students who were randomly selected from the girls high schools in one aerie of Tehran city (the capital of IRAN)....
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
BACKGROUND Delirium is prevalent among hospitalised patients, especially in critically ill patien... more BACKGROUND Delirium is prevalent among hospitalised patients, especially in critically ill patients. Preventing delirium by recognising its modifiable risk factors could improve life quality, decrease mortality and restrain its devastating consequences. METHOD We investigated 50 patients who had been hospitalised in the general ICU and monitored them for developing delirium. We employed CAM and CAM-ICU Scales to assess delirium, RASS score to determine the consciousness level, HADS questionnaire for anxiety and depression, and the demographic data questionnaire. RESULTS We found that 20% of ICU patients developed delirium and found a meaningful correlation between the incident delirium, older ages, visual impairment, and higher anxiety and depression scores (HADS) of first and second days of hospitalisation. By utilising logistic regression, we found that older ages, visual impairment, higher anxiety and depression scores (HADS) of the first day of hospitalisation were statistically significant to predict the risk model of developing delirium. CONCLUSION Depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with higher odds of transitioning to delirium; so, at the admission time, it may be useful to screen patients for the symptoms of affective disorders, particularly, who are at higher risks for developing delirium.
Archives of Neuroscience
Background: Both epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are often ... more Background: Both epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are often associated with some degree of cognitive impairment. Video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosing PNES. This diagnostic procedure is costly and available in specific tertiary centers. Neuropsychological assessment can provide clues for the differential diagnosis of PNES and ES and help clarify the nature and etiology of these two disorders. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to compare the neuropsychological profiles of PNES and ES patients. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 30 patients with ES and 31 patients with PNES were compared by neuropsychiatric tests, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive examination (ACE), and California Verbal Learning test (CVLT). Results: There was a female predominance in the PNES group (female-to-male ratio = 4.16/1, P = 0.003). In the PNES group, 77.4% of th...
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Iranian journal of psychiatry, 2018
Delirium is a brain dysfunction syndrome. In most cases, this syndrome is neither diagnosed accur... more Delirium is a brain dysfunction syndrome. In most cases, this syndrome is neither diagnosed accurately nor treated properly. The incidence of delirium by itself increases hospitalization period, mortality rate and the cost in health spectrum. If appropriate attempts are not made to treat this complication, the outcomes could become worse. Thus, the present study aimed at conducting a review on medications which are prescribed to treat delirium and establishing a general view on their advantages and disadvantages. By searching Google Scholar, PsycINFO, Scopus, and PubMed databases as well as hand searching in key journals, data were collected without time and language limitation. After collecting the data, comparing the similar or contradictory information, and sorting them, the views of specialists were inquired and duly received via email. By acquiring consensus of opinions, the secondary manuscript was written in a narrative review form. This narrative review paper aimed at provid...
Iranian journal of psychiatry, 2018
Delirium is a clinical syndrome associated with multiple short- and long-term complications; ther... more Delirium is a clinical syndrome associated with multiple short- and long-term complications; therefore, prevention is an essential part of its management. This study was conducted to review the effective non-pharmacological interventions that can reduce the incidence or duration of delirium in critically ill patients. A search was made in PubMed, Scopus, Psych INFO and Google Scholar databases without any time constraints. The information available was collected and sorted, and a secondary study of narrative review was done. The views of specialists on this topic were received via email and included in the texts and recommendations. Delirium is a common, costly and potentially damaging illness in patients who are staying in hospitals, especially older patients in ICU. Thus, preventing delirium could be one of the most effective methods in preventing the complications. The present study aimed at conducting a review-validity study to generate a general view on the activities which mig...
Current psychiatry reports, Jan 26, 2018
This review discusses cultural trends, challenges, and approaches to assessment and treatment of ... more This review discusses cultural trends, challenges, and approaches to assessment and treatment of personality traits and disorders. Specific focus include current developments in the Asian, Italian, Iranian, and Australian societies, as well as the process of acculturation, following moves between cultures with the impact on healthy and disordered personality function. Each culture with its specific history, dimensions, values, and practices influences and gears the individual and family or group in unique ways that affect personality functioning. Similarly, each culture provides means of protection and assimilation as well as norms for acceptance and denunciations of specific behaviors and personality traits. The diagnosis of personality disorders and their treatment need to take into consideration the individual in the context of the culture and society in which they live. Core personality problems, especially emotion dysregulation and interpersonal functioning are specifically inf...