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Papers by Mohammad Sharifi
Muṭāli̒āt-i Mudīriyyat-i Gardishgarī, 2012
This study pertains to the investigation of dual pricing strategy for museums entrance fees, cent... more This study pertains to the investigation of dual pricing strategy for museums entrance fees, centering on the impact of two variables of "visitors' attitude towards museums" and "traveled distance from the tourists' origin to destination" on visitors' maximum Willingness to Pay (WTP). Applying contingent valuation method, this research aims to estimate a fair and optimal admission fee to offer to each segment of domestic and foreign visitors to the National Museum of Iran. Results manifest that domestic visitors' WTP is negatively influenced by distance, while no significant relationship is found between these variables for foreign visitors. On the other hand, the attitude variable is significantly associated with both groups' WTP with positive sign. According to the main findings, the mean WTP is RLS 9450 and US$ 6.31 for domestic and foreign visitors respectively, implying that the current entry fee of RLS 10000 is substantially less than wh...
Mudīriyyat-i ṣan̒atī, 2014
The present study aims to address the problem of inadequate coverage of various aspects of organi... more The present study aims to address the problem of inadequate coverage of various aspects of organizational performance by balanced scorecard (BSC) model through its developing based on the European foundation for quality management (EFQM) model. To this end, a developed BSC model, encompassing variables of stakeholders, resource effectiveness, processes effectiveness, human resource management effectiveness, leadership method, strategy and performance was proposed and, then, validated in a new structural model. The findings firstly revealed an appropriate fitness of the proposed model. Regarding the relationship among variables, staff management effectiveness, resource effectiveness, leadership method and processes effectiveness, respectively, imposed the most "direct impacts" on the organizational performance. On the other hand, "summated impacts" (direct and indirect) on the organizational performance were imposed by leadership method, staff management effective...
Muṭāli̒āt-i Mudīriyyat-i Gardishgarī, 2012
The present study addresses a fundamental question: what are the appropriate strategies for the N... more The present study addresses a fundamental question: what are the appropriate strategies for the National Museum of Iran as the country's largest museum? This survey is applied in terms of outcome, it is descriptive in terms of nature, and qualitative regarding data type. The methodology used for formulation of strategies is based on the comprehensive framework of strategy formulation. Statistical population of the study consists of the museum's experts and managers some of which were selected using non-probability judgmental sampling technique (experts' choice). Data were gathered through investigation of documents and distribution of questionnaires, and subsequently were analyzed by the suitable statistical methods. Results indicated that considering the institute's external and internal environments, competitive strategies would be the most suitable means for effective management of activities and performances, and could therefore promote the position of National M...
Religions, 2020
Around 20 million Shia pilgrims shape one of the world’s biggest pilgrimages in Iraq, called “Arb... more Around 20 million Shia pilgrims shape one of the world’s biggest pilgrimages in Iraq, called “Arbaeen,” many of whom walk long distances to Karbala city as a part of the ritual every year. Faith in Imam Hussein, who was martyred in the battle of Karbala in 680 CE, is central among all pilgrims in this ritual, but the main question is how do the pilgrims’ faith and psychological cognitions translate into this spiritual journey with different meanings during the Arbaeen pilgrimage? The present study aims to discover the different social and psychological reasons for pilgrims’ feelings of attachment to Imam Hussein and to the Arbaeen pilgrimage route. Through 57 semi-structured in-depth interviews with pilgrims in two phases, Arbaeen 2014 and 2019, four different perceived roles for Imam Hussein including beloved, interceding, transformative, and unifier figure were found, leading pilgrims to feel an attachment to him. The current study mainly contributes to the literature by presentin...
Tourism Culture & Communication, 2019
The current study outlines the measurement of frontline employees' guest-directed ethnocultur... more The current study outlines the measurement of frontline employees' guest-directed ethnocultural empathy abilities in the context of Islamic hospitality in Iran. To this end, nine 4-and 5-star hotels located in three of the country's main cities were sampled for examining their frontline employees by a modified version of Scale of Ethnocultural Empathy. To test this scale and analyze the data, the variance-based technique of partial least squares structural equation modeling was selected. Out of the scale's dimensions, Empathic Feeling and Expression exerted the strongest influence on the ethnocultural empathy levels, followed by Empathic Perspective Taking, Acceptance of Cultural Differences, and Empathic Awareness. These underlying four dimensions accounted for more than two thirds of the total variance of ethnocultural empathy. This, along with the substantiation of convergent validity, discriminant validity, high reliability, and satisfactory model indices, indicates ...
Cultural tourism is long recognised as one of the main types of tourism in Iran and more broadly ... more Cultural tourism is long recognised as one of the main types of tourism in Iran and more broadly in developing countries. Nevertheless, experts have not reached a consensus upon which identify similar types of cultural tourism. More precisely, there is a dissent as to whether ecotourism, religious and rural tourism are some types of cultural tourism; an issue that the current analytical article aims to provide it a comprehensive concept by focusing on south Khorasan province using strategy of compounding existing literature. Thus, the main question for which the article seeks to respond is that whether ecotourism, religious and rural tourism are subgroups of cultural tourism. The findings obtained indicate that, in terms of nature of tourists’ activities in destination, religious and rural tourism overlaps completely and also if eco-tourists alongside their responsible travel make inquiry about or gain knowledge of culture of local people directly (i.e. facing with local people) or ...
In recent years increasing attention has been paid to the role of empathy in service quality. As ... more In recent years increasing attention has been paid to the role of empathy in service quality. As an emerging destination, Iran has the opportunity to develop its tourism service experiences. To meet this objective, it is essential for hotels and more broadly tourism sector to have employees with well-developed empathy skills in order to accommodate their guests. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1994) is used in an Islamic context to determine Iranian hospitality workers’ predisposition to engage in empathic relations in delivery of their services. Being as one of the few investigations which has measured the employees’ empathy levels in such a context, it has provided a benchmark with which comparisons might be drawn as a function of work and travel experience, gender, and generational membership, as well as the relationship this might hold to established normative scores. The results emerging from this investigation were vastly different from patterns in normative values....
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management
Purpose The major purpose of this research article is to empirically analyze a moderated-mediated... more Purpose The major purpose of this research article is to empirically analyze a moderated-mediated model to comprehend the interrelationships between religiosity, life hardship, attitude toward social entrepreneurship (SE) and corporate social entrepreneurial orientation (SEO). Design/methodology/approach The constructivist grounded theory method was used to analyze interviews, and partial least squares structural equation modeling was selected to analyze the developed nine hypotheses. Findings Based on the structural model outcomes, the practicing religious believers reported a significantly higher level of corporate SEO and propensity for social proactiveness, innovativeness, risk-taking, socialness and persistence (dimensions of SEO) than the nonpracticing believers. Practical implications This study provides the practical implication that social entrepreneurs with a higher degree of congruence with the prevailing religious institutionalized logic in a society have a higher inclin...
Muṭāli̒āt-i Mudīriyyat-i Gardishgarī, 2012
This study pertains to the investigation of dual pricing strategy for museums entrance fees, cent... more This study pertains to the investigation of dual pricing strategy for museums entrance fees, centering on the impact of two variables of "visitors' attitude towards museums" and "traveled distance from the tourists' origin to destination" on visitors' maximum Willingness to Pay (WTP). Applying contingent valuation method, this research aims to estimate a fair and optimal admission fee to offer to each segment of domestic and foreign visitors to the National Museum of Iran. Results manifest that domestic visitors' WTP is negatively influenced by distance, while no significant relationship is found between these variables for foreign visitors. On the other hand, the attitude variable is significantly associated with both groups' WTP with positive sign. According to the main findings, the mean WTP is RLS 9450 and US$ 6.31 for domestic and foreign visitors respectively, implying that the current entry fee of RLS 10000 is substantially less than wh...
Mudīriyyat-i ṣan̒atī, 2014
The present study aims to address the problem of inadequate coverage of various aspects of organi... more The present study aims to address the problem of inadequate coverage of various aspects of organizational performance by balanced scorecard (BSC) model through its developing based on the European foundation for quality management (EFQM) model. To this end, a developed BSC model, encompassing variables of stakeholders, resource effectiveness, processes effectiveness, human resource management effectiveness, leadership method, strategy and performance was proposed and, then, validated in a new structural model. The findings firstly revealed an appropriate fitness of the proposed model. Regarding the relationship among variables, staff management effectiveness, resource effectiveness, leadership method and processes effectiveness, respectively, imposed the most "direct impacts" on the organizational performance. On the other hand, "summated impacts" (direct and indirect) on the organizational performance were imposed by leadership method, staff management effective...
Muṭāli̒āt-i Mudīriyyat-i Gardishgarī, 2012
The present study addresses a fundamental question: what are the appropriate strategies for the N... more The present study addresses a fundamental question: what are the appropriate strategies for the National Museum of Iran as the country's largest museum? This survey is applied in terms of outcome, it is descriptive in terms of nature, and qualitative regarding data type. The methodology used for formulation of strategies is based on the comprehensive framework of strategy formulation. Statistical population of the study consists of the museum's experts and managers some of which were selected using non-probability judgmental sampling technique (experts' choice). Data were gathered through investigation of documents and distribution of questionnaires, and subsequently were analyzed by the suitable statistical methods. Results indicated that considering the institute's external and internal environments, competitive strategies would be the most suitable means for effective management of activities and performances, and could therefore promote the position of National M...
Religions, 2020
Around 20 million Shia pilgrims shape one of the world’s biggest pilgrimages in Iraq, called “Arb... more Around 20 million Shia pilgrims shape one of the world’s biggest pilgrimages in Iraq, called “Arbaeen,” many of whom walk long distances to Karbala city as a part of the ritual every year. Faith in Imam Hussein, who was martyred in the battle of Karbala in 680 CE, is central among all pilgrims in this ritual, but the main question is how do the pilgrims’ faith and psychological cognitions translate into this spiritual journey with different meanings during the Arbaeen pilgrimage? The present study aims to discover the different social and psychological reasons for pilgrims’ feelings of attachment to Imam Hussein and to the Arbaeen pilgrimage route. Through 57 semi-structured in-depth interviews with pilgrims in two phases, Arbaeen 2014 and 2019, four different perceived roles for Imam Hussein including beloved, interceding, transformative, and unifier figure were found, leading pilgrims to feel an attachment to him. The current study mainly contributes to the literature by presentin...
Tourism Culture & Communication, 2019
The current study outlines the measurement of frontline employees' guest-directed ethnocultur... more The current study outlines the measurement of frontline employees' guest-directed ethnocultural empathy abilities in the context of Islamic hospitality in Iran. To this end, nine 4-and 5-star hotels located in three of the country's main cities were sampled for examining their frontline employees by a modified version of Scale of Ethnocultural Empathy. To test this scale and analyze the data, the variance-based technique of partial least squares structural equation modeling was selected. Out of the scale's dimensions, Empathic Feeling and Expression exerted the strongest influence on the ethnocultural empathy levels, followed by Empathic Perspective Taking, Acceptance of Cultural Differences, and Empathic Awareness. These underlying four dimensions accounted for more than two thirds of the total variance of ethnocultural empathy. This, along with the substantiation of convergent validity, discriminant validity, high reliability, and satisfactory model indices, indicates ...
Cultural tourism is long recognised as one of the main types of tourism in Iran and more broadly ... more Cultural tourism is long recognised as one of the main types of tourism in Iran and more broadly in developing countries. Nevertheless, experts have not reached a consensus upon which identify similar types of cultural tourism. More precisely, there is a dissent as to whether ecotourism, religious and rural tourism are some types of cultural tourism; an issue that the current analytical article aims to provide it a comprehensive concept by focusing on south Khorasan province using strategy of compounding existing literature. Thus, the main question for which the article seeks to respond is that whether ecotourism, religious and rural tourism are subgroups of cultural tourism. The findings obtained indicate that, in terms of nature of tourists’ activities in destination, religious and rural tourism overlaps completely and also if eco-tourists alongside their responsible travel make inquiry about or gain knowledge of culture of local people directly (i.e. facing with local people) or ...
In recent years increasing attention has been paid to the role of empathy in service quality. As ... more In recent years increasing attention has been paid to the role of empathy in service quality. As an emerging destination, Iran has the opportunity to develop its tourism service experiences. To meet this objective, it is essential for hotels and more broadly tourism sector to have employees with well-developed empathy skills in order to accommodate their guests. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1994) is used in an Islamic context to determine Iranian hospitality workers’ predisposition to engage in empathic relations in delivery of their services. Being as one of the few investigations which has measured the employees’ empathy levels in such a context, it has provided a benchmark with which comparisons might be drawn as a function of work and travel experience, gender, and generational membership, as well as the relationship this might hold to established normative scores. The results emerging from this investigation were vastly different from patterns in normative values....
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management
Purpose The major purpose of this research article is to empirically analyze a moderated-mediated... more Purpose The major purpose of this research article is to empirically analyze a moderated-mediated model to comprehend the interrelationships between religiosity, life hardship, attitude toward social entrepreneurship (SE) and corporate social entrepreneurial orientation (SEO). Design/methodology/approach The constructivist grounded theory method was used to analyze interviews, and partial least squares structural equation modeling was selected to analyze the developed nine hypotheses. Findings Based on the structural model outcomes, the practicing religious believers reported a significantly higher level of corporate SEO and propensity for social proactiveness, innovativeness, risk-taking, socialness and persistence (dimensions of SEO) than the nonpracticing believers. Practical implications This study provides the practical implication that social entrepreneurs with a higher degree of congruence with the prevailing religious institutionalized logic in a society have a higher inclin...