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Papers by Mohammed Ashraf
Ecology is not the kind of science that takes people by storm hence I am not expecting that it is... more Ecology is not the kind of science that takes people by storm hence I am not expecting that it is just what the doctor ordered. But we at Species Ecology are pretty 'gung ho' about the motion and rolled up our sleeves and buckled down to do our part to ensure science bound ecological sustainability find its niche in the face of anthropogenic development across the chessboard. I am not going to beat around the bush hence one of the main purposes of reaching out to people neatly rooted into the fact that collaborative and collective actions are fundamental to reinforce the conservation pillars in which wildlife science and ecology are basic ingredients. This is just a short article providing some very brief understanding with regards to ecological study focusing animal population survey design and estimation techniques. The article deduced hard core mathematical rigor and modeling techniques to produce succinct easy-to-understand ecological piece without compromising the statistical rigor. The primary objective of this short essay is to publicize these rather mathematically challenging models in simplistic coherent format so that average people from non scientific background yet avid conservationist can able to digest the rudiment of population ecology and its conservation implications.
Kerala Journal of Orthopaedics, 2020
The question of primary exploration of radial nerve in cases of palsy associated with humerus fra... more The question of primary exploration of radial nerve in cases of palsy associated with humerus fractures is still unanswered. We present a short case series of humerus fractures with radial nerve palsy where we found radial nerve transection warranting intervention.
Cardiovascular research, 2015
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a protein kinase that activates the metabolic regulator AMP-activated p... more Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a protein kinase that activates the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other related kinases. Deletion of LKB1 in mice leads to cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the specific role of the LKB1 pathway in early atrial biology remains unknown. Thus, we investigated whether LKB1 deletion altered atrial channel expression and electrophysiological function in a cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mouse model. We performed a systematic comparison of αMHC-Cre LKB1(fl/fl) and littermate LKB1(fl/fl) male mice. This included analysis of gene expression, histology, and echocardiography, as well as cellular and tissue-level electrophysiology using patch-clamp recordings in vitro, optical mapping ex vivo, and ECG recordings in vivo. At postnatal day 1, atrial depolarization was prolonged, and Nav1.5 and Cx40 expression were markedly down-regulated in MHC-Cre LKB1(fl/fl) mice. Inward sodium current density was significantly decreas...
Journal of Gynecologic Surgery, 2015
Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effect of endometrioma excision on pregn... more Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effect of endometrioma excision on pregnancy outcomes in women with advanced-stage endometriosis who underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Design: This is a historical cohort study. Materials and Methods: We compared the pregnancy outcomes of 141 women undergoing IVF-ET. The study group consisted of 25 patients who had stage III/IV endometriosis and endometrioma excision (group 1). The control groups included 40 patients who had stage III/ IV endometriosis, but no endometrioma and who underwent ovariolysis (group 2) and 76 patients with tubal factors infertility who underwent tubal surgery (group 3). After surgery up to two IVF-ET cycles in each group were analyzed. Results: Our study showed that the mean total dose of gonadotropin administered in IVF-ET cycle I was higher in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.03). Otherwise, there was no significant difference in the ovarian responses among the three groups. There was a statistically significant increase in clinical pregnancy rate per cycle in the endometrioma group (69.7%) versus the ovariolysis group (48.1%) and tubal factor group (48.0%). However, there was no significant difference in delivery rate per cycle among the three groups. There was a statistically significant higher miscarriage rate in the endometrioma group (39.1%) compared with the ovariolysis group (11.5%) and tubal factor group (14.3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study suggests that endometrioma excision surgery does not compromise the overall ovarian reserve or pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ET.
Biophysical Journal, 2014
The liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway regulates cellular metabol... more The liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway regulates cellular metabolism, polarity, and growth. Although previous studies have documented the maladaptive consequences of LKB1 deletion in the progressive development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardiac hypertrophy, its role in chamber-specific pathophysiology remains largely unresolved. Therefore we systematically explored LKB1's differential effects on structural and ion channel remodeling in mice with LKB1 deletion in cardiomyocytes. Atrial but not ventricular Nav1.5 and Cx40 expression levels were markedly downregulated in 1d neonates, giving rise to a 2-fold prolongation of the P wave on surface ECG. Detailed ex vivo optical action potential (AP) mapping studies revealed presence of marked inter-atrial conduction abnormalities, loss of bi-atrial electrical coupling, and prolonged AP durations in the atria of mice with LKB1 deletion. In contrast, ventricular changes developed with a much slower timecourse that was consistent with previous studies. AMPK a2 inactivated hearts demonstrated modest overlap in ion channel expression, but retained normal ECG characteristics, cardiac structure and function compared to their LKB1 deleted counterparts. LKB1 deletion triggers a primary atrial electrophysiological remodeling program that precedes structural abnormalities and likely underlies the development of AF. LKB1 may be a novel target for the prevention of AF.
Indian pediatrics, 2004
This cross sectional study was performed in a tertiary level teaching hospital to evaluate and co... more This cross sectional study was performed in a tertiary level teaching hospital to evaluate and compare the antibody levels in children below 6 years who had received oral polio vaccination through Pulse Polio Immunization (PPI) with those children who had received both routine immunization as well as PPI. Detail history of polio immunization was taken. Serum samples were then collected for antibody determination by neutralization tests with standard polio viruses using Vero cell lines. Total 400 children were studied; 14 were found unvaccinated. Out of the remaining 386 (96.5%) vaccinated children, 292 (75%) had received both routine and pulse polio immunization, 68 (17%) had only PPI while 26 (6.7%) had received only routine immunization. The seropositivity was lowest for P3 and highest for P2. Overall seroprevalence for PI, P2 and P3 in vaccinated children was 89.1%, 93% and 80.6% respectively, and did not differ significantly between the three vaccinated subgroups. However, child...
Journal of Gynecologic Surgery, 2015
Background: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome is a rare Müllerian-duct anomaly consisting of uter... more Background: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome is a rare Müllerian-duct anomaly consisting of uterine didelphys, a unilateral obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. This article presents clinical and laparoscopic findings as well as the surgical management of 5 cases with various clinical scenarios. Cases: Case 1: An 11-year-old premenarchal female presented with chronic vaginal discharge and negative cultures. She had a uterus didelphys, a unilateral partial obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. She underwent excision of the hemivagina. Case 2: A 14-year-old female presented with severe dysmenorrhea. As part of the work-up for a two-vessel cord at birth, an ultrasound revealed an absent left kidney. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested uterine didelphys and a left hematometrocolpos. At surgery, the MRI findings were confirmed. She underwent excision of the left hemivagina. Case 3: A 23-year-old asymptomatic female was referred following an incidental finding of a duplicated uterine horn and hematocolpos on ultrasound. She had a uterus didelphys, a unilateral obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. She underwent excision of the hemivagina. Case 4: A 26-year-old female presented with severe dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain. She had a uterus didelphys and a high right-sided obstructed hemivagina, with no hematocolpos, hematometra, hematosalpinx, endometrioma, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. She underwent a hemihysterectomy, unilateral salpingectomy, and endometrioma excision. Case 5: A 15-year-old female had a history of severe dysmenorrhea. During laparoscopy for an acute abdomen, she was noted to have uterus didelphys. Further evaluation revealed a hypoplastic cervix and a high right-sided obstructed hemivagina, with minimal hematocolpos, hematometra and ipsilateral renal agenesis. She underwent a hemihysterectomy. Results: The patients recovered well and, in most cases, had complete resolution of their symptoms. In Case 4, the patient's symptoms were greatly reduced. Conclusions: In patients with obstructed hemivaginas that are diagnosed early, resection of the vaginal septum is a convenient and effective treatment modality. Hemihysterectomy should be considered in patients with cervical hypoplasia/ aplasia and high position of obstructed hemivaginas, and in patients with severe endometriosis, tubal damage, and extensive pelvic adhesions. (J GYNECOL SURG 31:46)
2010 2nd International Conference on Software Technology and Engineering, 2010
Today complex edge services are positioned on the Wireless LAN, different cryptographic protocols... more Today complex edge services are positioned on the Wireless LAN, different cryptographic protocols with complex as well as reactive communication models and event dependencies are increasingly being specified and adopted. To ensure that such protocols (and compositions thereof with existing protocols) do not result in unacceptable behaviors (e.g., deadlocks or live locks); a methodology is desirable for the automated checking of the "correctness" of these protocols. In this paper, we present ingredients of such a methodology. Specifically, we show how SPIN, a tool used for the formal systems verification purposes, can be used to verify as well as quickly identify problematic behaviors (if any) in core component of emergent Wireless LAN with non trivial communication authentication constructs-such as Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) for Transport layer Security (TLS).In our analysis, we identify essential elements, model and verify the EAP-TLS protocol using SPIN. It will evidently provide an insight into the scope and utility of formal methods based on state space exploration in testing larger and complex systems, for example, the complete Wireless LAN authentication suit.
Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 2013
A 47-year-old male presented with hyponatremia that was corrected slowly as per the recommended g... more A 47-year-old male presented with hyponatremia that was corrected slowly as per the recommended guidelines. The patient improved initially but went on to develop a quadriparesis with a locked-in state due to a central as well as extrapontine myelinolysis and subsequently succumbed to an intercurrent infective illness. The patient had associated hypokalemia. Hyponatremia can result in central pontine myelinolysis even when the electrolyte disorder is treated slowly, and the concomitant hypokalemia seems to play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of the neurological disorder.
Ecology is not the kind of science that takes people by storm hence I am not expecting that it is... more Ecology is not the kind of science that takes people by storm hence I am not expecting that it is just what the doctor ordered. But we at Species Ecology are pretty 'gung ho' about the motion and rolled up our sleeves and buckled down to do our part to ensure science bound ecological sustainability find its niche in the face of anthropogenic development across the chessboard. I am not going to beat around the bush hence one of the main purposes of reaching out to people neatly rooted into the fact that collaborative and collective actions are fundamental to reinforce the conservation pillars in which wildlife science and ecology are basic ingredients. This is just a short article providing some very brief understanding with regards to ecological study focusing animal population survey design and estimation techniques. The article deduced hard core mathematical rigor and modeling techniques to produce succinct easy-to-understand ecological piece without compromising the statistical rigor. The primary objective of this short essay is to publicize these rather mathematically challenging models in simplistic coherent format so that average people from non scientific background yet avid conservationist can able to digest the rudiment of population ecology and its conservation implications.
Kerala Journal of Orthopaedics, 2020
The question of primary exploration of radial nerve in cases of palsy associated with humerus fra... more The question of primary exploration of radial nerve in cases of palsy associated with humerus fractures is still unanswered. We present a short case series of humerus fractures with radial nerve palsy where we found radial nerve transection warranting intervention.
Cardiovascular research, 2015
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a protein kinase that activates the metabolic regulator AMP-activated p... more Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a protein kinase that activates the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other related kinases. Deletion of LKB1 in mice leads to cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the specific role of the LKB1 pathway in early atrial biology remains unknown. Thus, we investigated whether LKB1 deletion altered atrial channel expression and electrophysiological function in a cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mouse model. We performed a systematic comparison of αMHC-Cre LKB1(fl/fl) and littermate LKB1(fl/fl) male mice. This included analysis of gene expression, histology, and echocardiography, as well as cellular and tissue-level electrophysiology using patch-clamp recordings in vitro, optical mapping ex vivo, and ECG recordings in vivo. At postnatal day 1, atrial depolarization was prolonged, and Nav1.5 and Cx40 expression were markedly down-regulated in MHC-Cre LKB1(fl/fl) mice. Inward sodium current density was significantly decreas...
Journal of Gynecologic Surgery, 2015
Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effect of endometrioma excision on pregn... more Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effect of endometrioma excision on pregnancy outcomes in women with advanced-stage endometriosis who underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Design: This is a historical cohort study. Materials and Methods: We compared the pregnancy outcomes of 141 women undergoing IVF-ET. The study group consisted of 25 patients who had stage III/IV endometriosis and endometrioma excision (group 1). The control groups included 40 patients who had stage III/ IV endometriosis, but no endometrioma and who underwent ovariolysis (group 2) and 76 patients with tubal factors infertility who underwent tubal surgery (group 3). After surgery up to two IVF-ET cycles in each group were analyzed. Results: Our study showed that the mean total dose of gonadotropin administered in IVF-ET cycle I was higher in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.03). Otherwise, there was no significant difference in the ovarian responses among the three groups. There was a statistically significant increase in clinical pregnancy rate per cycle in the endometrioma group (69.7%) versus the ovariolysis group (48.1%) and tubal factor group (48.0%). However, there was no significant difference in delivery rate per cycle among the three groups. There was a statistically significant higher miscarriage rate in the endometrioma group (39.1%) compared with the ovariolysis group (11.5%) and tubal factor group (14.3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study suggests that endometrioma excision surgery does not compromise the overall ovarian reserve or pregnancy outcomes after IVF-ET.
Biophysical Journal, 2014
The liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway regulates cellular metabol... more The liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway regulates cellular metabolism, polarity, and growth. Although previous studies have documented the maladaptive consequences of LKB1 deletion in the progressive development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardiac hypertrophy, its role in chamber-specific pathophysiology remains largely unresolved. Therefore we systematically explored LKB1's differential effects on structural and ion channel remodeling in mice with LKB1 deletion in cardiomyocytes. Atrial but not ventricular Nav1.5 and Cx40 expression levels were markedly downregulated in 1d neonates, giving rise to a 2-fold prolongation of the P wave on surface ECG. Detailed ex vivo optical action potential (AP) mapping studies revealed presence of marked inter-atrial conduction abnormalities, loss of bi-atrial electrical coupling, and prolonged AP durations in the atria of mice with LKB1 deletion. In contrast, ventricular changes developed with a much slower timecourse that was consistent with previous studies. AMPK a2 inactivated hearts demonstrated modest overlap in ion channel expression, but retained normal ECG characteristics, cardiac structure and function compared to their LKB1 deleted counterparts. LKB1 deletion triggers a primary atrial electrophysiological remodeling program that precedes structural abnormalities and likely underlies the development of AF. LKB1 may be a novel target for the prevention of AF.
Indian pediatrics, 2004
This cross sectional study was performed in a tertiary level teaching hospital to evaluate and co... more This cross sectional study was performed in a tertiary level teaching hospital to evaluate and compare the antibody levels in children below 6 years who had received oral polio vaccination through Pulse Polio Immunization (PPI) with those children who had received both routine immunization as well as PPI. Detail history of polio immunization was taken. Serum samples were then collected for antibody determination by neutralization tests with standard polio viruses using Vero cell lines. Total 400 children were studied; 14 were found unvaccinated. Out of the remaining 386 (96.5%) vaccinated children, 292 (75%) had received both routine and pulse polio immunization, 68 (17%) had only PPI while 26 (6.7%) had received only routine immunization. The seropositivity was lowest for P3 and highest for P2. Overall seroprevalence for PI, P2 and P3 in vaccinated children was 89.1%, 93% and 80.6% respectively, and did not differ significantly between the three vaccinated subgroups. However, child...
Journal of Gynecologic Surgery, 2015
Background: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome is a rare Müllerian-duct anomaly consisting of uter... more Background: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome is a rare Müllerian-duct anomaly consisting of uterine didelphys, a unilateral obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. This article presents clinical and laparoscopic findings as well as the surgical management of 5 cases with various clinical scenarios. Cases: Case 1: An 11-year-old premenarchal female presented with chronic vaginal discharge and negative cultures. She had a uterus didelphys, a unilateral partial obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. She underwent excision of the hemivagina. Case 2: A 14-year-old female presented with severe dysmenorrhea. As part of the work-up for a two-vessel cord at birth, an ultrasound revealed an absent left kidney. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested uterine didelphys and a left hematometrocolpos. At surgery, the MRI findings were confirmed. She underwent excision of the left hemivagina. Case 3: A 23-year-old asymptomatic female was referred following an incidental finding of a duplicated uterine horn and hematocolpos on ultrasound. She had a uterus didelphys, a unilateral obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. She underwent excision of the hemivagina. Case 4: A 26-year-old female presented with severe dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain. She had a uterus didelphys and a high right-sided obstructed hemivagina, with no hematocolpos, hematometra, hematosalpinx, endometrioma, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. She underwent a hemihysterectomy, unilateral salpingectomy, and endometrioma excision. Case 5: A 15-year-old female had a history of severe dysmenorrhea. During laparoscopy for an acute abdomen, she was noted to have uterus didelphys. Further evaluation revealed a hypoplastic cervix and a high right-sided obstructed hemivagina, with minimal hematocolpos, hematometra and ipsilateral renal agenesis. She underwent a hemihysterectomy. Results: The patients recovered well and, in most cases, had complete resolution of their symptoms. In Case 4, the patient's symptoms were greatly reduced. Conclusions: In patients with obstructed hemivaginas that are diagnosed early, resection of the vaginal septum is a convenient and effective treatment modality. Hemihysterectomy should be considered in patients with cervical hypoplasia/ aplasia and high position of obstructed hemivaginas, and in patients with severe endometriosis, tubal damage, and extensive pelvic adhesions. (J GYNECOL SURG 31:46)
2010 2nd International Conference on Software Technology and Engineering, 2010
Today complex edge services are positioned on the Wireless LAN, different cryptographic protocols... more Today complex edge services are positioned on the Wireless LAN, different cryptographic protocols with complex as well as reactive communication models and event dependencies are increasingly being specified and adopted. To ensure that such protocols (and compositions thereof with existing protocols) do not result in unacceptable behaviors (e.g., deadlocks or live locks); a methodology is desirable for the automated checking of the "correctness" of these protocols. In this paper, we present ingredients of such a methodology. Specifically, we show how SPIN, a tool used for the formal systems verification purposes, can be used to verify as well as quickly identify problematic behaviors (if any) in core component of emergent Wireless LAN with non trivial communication authentication constructs-such as Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) for Transport layer Security (TLS).In our analysis, we identify essential elements, model and verify the EAP-TLS protocol using SPIN. It will evidently provide an insight into the scope and utility of formal methods based on state space exploration in testing larger and complex systems, for example, the complete Wireless LAN authentication suit.
Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 2013
A 47-year-old male presented with hyponatremia that was corrected slowly as per the recommended g... more A 47-year-old male presented with hyponatremia that was corrected slowly as per the recommended guidelines. The patient improved initially but went on to develop a quadriparesis with a locked-in state due to a central as well as extrapontine myelinolysis and subsequently succumbed to an intercurrent infective illness. The patient had associated hypokalemia. Hyponatremia can result in central pontine myelinolysis even when the electrolyte disorder is treated slowly, and the concomitant hypokalemia seems to play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of the neurological disorder.