Ayman Mokhtar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ayman Mokhtar
The author has granted a non exclusive license allowing Library and Archives Canada to reproduce,... more The author has granted a non exclusive license allowing Library and Archives Canada to reproduce, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, com m unicate to the public by telecom m unication or on the Internet, loan, distribute and sell theses worldwide, for com mercial or non com mercial purposes, in microform, paper, electronic and/or any other formats. AVIS: L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, sauvegarder, conserver, transm ettre au public par telecom m unication ou par I'lnternet, preter, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le monde, a des fins com m erciales ou autres, sur support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou autres formats. i * i Canada Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
IEEE Photonics Journal
Sampling is the primary functional step of an analogue to digital conversion, required for sensin... more Sampling is the primary functional step of an analogue to digital conversion, required for sensing, measurement, signal processing, metrology, and various data communication applications. Here we present, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the optical sampling of different microwave signals with sinc-pulse sequences with a very compact integrated silicon photonics ring modulator. By a simple time interleaving with three branches, the employed ring modulator enables ultra-compact photonic integrated analog to digital converters with a sampling rate of three times the RF bandwidth of itself and of the used photodetector and electronic devices. Therefore, its analogue bandwidth is 50% higher than the RF bandwidth of the incorporated electronics and photonics. Thus, the method might enable high-bandwidth analogue to digital converters with ultra-compact footprint and lower power consumption for future communication systems, sensors, and measurement devices. Index Terms-Optical sampling, ring modulator, silicon photonics, sinc pulse sequences. I. INTRODUCTION S AMPLING can be defined in the time domain as the conversion of a continuous signal amplitude into equidistant, discrete time-values. These discrete amplitude-values can be assigned to the closest digital bit-combination, achieving analogue to digital conversion (ADC). To avoid aliasing, the sampling rate should be at least twice the bandwidth of the baseband signal. The performance of an ADC can be characterized by its analogue bandwidth, power consumption, accuracy, and size [1], [2]. For electronic ADCs, sample and hold circuits can be used for sampling. However, the analogue bandwidth of electronic
Optical and Quantum Electronics
In this paper, we are interested in modeling, simulation, and measurement of the laser spot posit... more In this paper, we are interested in modeling, simulation, and measurement of the laser spot position with a quadrant detector. We enhance detection and tracking of semi-laser weapon decoding system based on microcontroller. The system receives the reflected pulse through quadrant detector and processes the laser pulses through a processing circuit, a microcontroller decoding laser pulse reflected by the target. The seeker accuracy will be enhanced by the decoding system, the laser detection time based on the receiving pulses number is reduced, a gate is used to limit the laser pulse width. The model is implemented based on Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) technique with two microcontroller units (MCU). MCU1 generates laser pulses with different codes. MCU2 decodes the laser code and locks the system at the specific code. The codes EW selected based on the two selector switches. The system is implemented and tested in Proteus ISIS software. The implementation of the full position det...
International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology, 2011
In this paper we are interested in modeling, performance evaluation, and measurement of a quadran... more In this paper we are interested in modeling, performance evaluation, and measurement of a quadrant detector. Photodiode is modeled using its differential equations then implemented and solved using ORCAD-pspise. The model validation was performed by comparing the model results with the experimental measurements using a proposed setup. The model was used to investigate the effect of the photodiode donor concentrations, acceptor concentrations and intrinsic region concentrations. The simulation results showed that the donor concentrations should be kept as small as possible in order to improve the photodiode performance, the acceptor concentrations has a small effect on the performance, and as the intrinsic region concentration increases the photocurrent increases and the junction capacitance decreases with a small increase in the dark current.
2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG), 2020
Photonic network was used with fire control system by replacing the copper cables with polymer op... more Photonic network was used with fire control system by replacing the copper cables with polymer optical fibers in order to increase the transmission data rate and the bandwidth. In this paper, CYTOP was chosen to be used to transmit the different signals that are sent from several sensors to ballistic computer due to the superior performance among the other types of polymer fibers. The proposed special photonic networks were implemented for different multiplexing techniques using optisystem software. These techniques were Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM), Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (OWDM), and Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM). Based on simulated Q factor, BER, and the eye diagram, OWDM showed the highest performance with increasing number of laser sources (8 laser sources). Hybrid OWDM-MDM network was proposed to minimize the number of laser sources (4 laser sources) while keeping high performance which makes it the most suitable choice for special platforms.
A passive, Q-switched pulsed, Nd:YAG laser system was modeled, designed, and implemented to provi... more A passive, Q-switched pulsed, Nd:YAG laser system was modeled, designed, and implemented to provide a reliable laser source for portable laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) systems instead the ordinary systems that are using laser pulses separated by some delay with microsecond order. The designed system consists of a Nd:YAG rod that is pumped by a flash lamp. Our choice for flash lamp as a pumping source based on the fact that flash lamps are fairly inexpensive and are capable of delivering enough amount of optical power in a short time span. We have successfully implemented a xenon-flashlamp-pumped Nd:YAG laser passively Q-switched with a Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber operates at 1064 nm contains a train of pulses having maximum with total output energy of 700 mJ . The pulse width of the train of pulses is about 37ns and the main output pulse train is within 550 μs. These laser shots were employed to enhance the LIBS signal. System verification was performed by LIBS measurem...
2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG), 2020
among the various components of Infrared imaging system; IR objective is the first essential comp... more among the various components of Infrared imaging system; IR objective is the first essential component of the IR imaging chain that can affect the overall performance of the IR imaging systems. In this paper, a proposed structure and detailed design of a high resolution wide field of view IR objective operating in the spectral band 8-12 µm using ZEMAX software is presented. The objective design constrains, procedures, optimization and the related Figure of merits are introduced and discussed. The objective Root Mean Square RMS radius curve and average modulation transfer function (AMTF) were measured in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed IR objective, the results showed high performance in terms of RMS radius curve and AMTF. The RMS radius is centered on a detector pixel pitch of 17 µm with a high AMTF value of 0.5 at the spatial frequency resolution boundary (Nyquist frequency) of 29.4 cycle/millimeter. The compact design and the high performance of the proposed obje...
2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG), 2020
Laser soft damage of electro-optical (EO) sensors can be defined as the destruction of electronic... more Laser soft damage of electro-optical (EO) sensors can be defined as the destruction of electronic primary devices, or the photo detectors. This damaging effect causes system’s functions to be lost. In this paper dazzling and soft damage of electro-optical sensors, including, complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) imaging sensors and charge-coupled devices (CCD) imaging sensors were studied both theoretically and experimentally. A MATLAB simulation model was built and used for predicting the design parameters of practical laser system. This laser system is capable of damaging EO sensors from laboratory scale to far field distances; this was achieved by maximizing the laser pulse energy. In addition, we designed and implemented an enhanced high energy flash lamp pumped pulsed Nd:YAG laser system with 2 J energy to achieve soft damaging of numerous types of EO sensors at different distances. Good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results obtained and a CCD ima...
Diode side-pumped solid-state lasers have the potential to yield high quality laser beams with hi... more Diode side-pumped solid-state lasers have the potential to yield high quality laser beams with high efficiency and reliability. This paper summarizes the results of simulation of the most predominant active media that are used in high power diode pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser systems. Nd:YAG, Nd:glass, and Nd:YLF rods laser systems were simulated using the special finite element analysis software program LASCAD. A performance trade off analysis for Nd:YAG, Nd:glass, and Nd:YLF rods was performed in order to predict the system optimized parameters and to investigate thermally induced thermal fracture that may occur due to heat load and mechanical stress. The simulation results showed that at the optimized values Nd:YAG rod achieved the highest output power of 175W with 43% efficiency and heat load of 1.873W/mm3. A negligible changes in laser output power, heat load, stress, and temperature distributions were observed when the Nd:YAG rod length was increased from 72 to 80mm. Simulat...
International journal of engineering research and technology, 2017
In this paper, we describe and enhance detection and tracking of laser guided weapon decoding sys... more In this paper, we describe and enhance detection and tracking of laser guided weapon decoding system based on microcontroller. The system is designed to receive the reflected pulse through a 4-quadrant laser detector and to process the received laser pulses through an electronic circuit, which send data to the microcontroller for decoding laser signal reflected by the target. The laser seeker accuracy will be improved by the decoding system, which reduced the time of laser detection by reducing the number of received pulse to detect the code and generating a narrow gate signal to improve the anti-jamming ability. We implement a model of the laser pulse code detection (PCD) system based on Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) technique with two microcontroller units (MCU). MCU1 generates laser pulses with different codes and also communicates with switches to control which code is selected. MCU2 recognizes the laser code and locks the system at the specific code. The locked frequency can...
In this paper, we present an enhanced model to predict the effect of thermal blooming and atmosph... more In this paper, we present an enhanced model to predict the effect of thermal blooming and atmospheric turbulence, on high energy laser beams free space propagation. We introduce an implementation technique for the proposed mathematical models describing the effect of thermal blooming and atmospheric turbulence including wind blowing, and how it effect high power laser beam power, far field pattern, phase change effect and beam quality . An investigated model of adaptive optics was introduced to study how to improve the wave front and phase distortion caused by thermal blooming and atmospheric turbulence, the adaptive optics model with Actuator influence spacing 3 cm the that shows observed improvement in the Strehl ratio and in wave front and phase of the beam. These models was implemented using cooperative agents relying on GLAD software package. Without taking in consideration the effect of thermal blooming It was deduced that the beam at the source takes the Gaussian shape with u...
Infrared, Millimeter-Wave, and Terahertz Technologies VIII
The International Conference on Electrical Engineering
In this paper several optical configurations for an orbiting high-resolution panchromatic pushbro... more In this paper several optical configurations for an orbiting high-resolution panchromatic pushbroom camera are presented. The geometric design aspects for different optical sensor systems are discussed. Several optical telescope configurations emphasizing the challenges associated with high resolution imaging are studied. Different case studies and the result of a trade-off analysis, considering not only optical performance but also other aspects such as cost, volume and complexity are presented.
The International Conference on Electrical Engineering
This paper aims to explain the design and planning of a passive optical networks (PON) which can ... more This paper aims to explain the design and planning of a passive optical networks (PON) which can build a fictitious environment allowing to study fiber to the home (FTTH) networks in depth and decide the optimal option for this environment. We design a network architecture based on FTTH systems with different bit rates (1.25 GB/s, 2 GB/s, 2.5Gb/s,5Gb/s and 10 GB/s). This architecture is targeted to deliver a very high speed data using optical communication between the edge nodes connecting the end users. This transmission allows the simultaneous delivery of triple play service (data, voice and video). In our design various data rates are studied. It has been observed that the proposed system is one of the most suitable methods concerning data rate. It is demonstrated that as we increase the data rate, the number of accommodated user's decreases due to high bit error rate. Also by increasing the distance of transmission, the system will be undesirable due to increasing the bit error rate.
The International Conference on Electrical Engineering
In this paper we are interested in modeling, simulation, and measurement of laser spot position d... more In this paper we are interested in modeling, simulation, and measurement of laser spot position determination circuit (LSPDC) with a quadrant detector (QD). Photodiode is modeled using its differential equations then implemented using ORCAD-pspise. Starting with the output of the detector, the circuit modeling and simulation for the preamplifier, post amplifier, ADC and microcontroller card were performed. PCB card implementation was performed and integrated with the QD and the necessary optical system components. The implementation of the full LSPDC with the detector is performed. General system for testing the spot LSPDC was performed with a laser source simulating the incident radiation and a mechanical system to enable adjusting different angles. Good agreement was achieved between the measured data and the adjusted angles with a small error attributed to the error in the adjusted mechanical system and the stability of the used laser source.
The International Conference on Electrical Engineering
Laser Weapons destruction capabilities are classified into hard and soft destruction. In this pap... more Laser Weapons destruction capabilities are classified into hard and soft destruction. In this paper laser soft damage of an IR seeker was studied and CW laser power required for damaging (disturbing) a commercial CCD camera at different distance was calculated. An existing Cw Nd-YAG 130 W solid state laser source was enhanced and used to damage a CCD camera at 2 km, enhancement was performed in terms of power threshold, radiation transfer efficiency, beam overlap efficiency, and partial mirror reflectivity. A study of generation of 135 W output power from a Cw end pumping master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) Nd doped double clad fiber laser was done to achieve the goal of disturbing a CCD camera. Finally Optimization of laser output power was performed to fulfill the required laser power level that is needed to disturb or damage a CCD camera.
The International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Physics
A complete characterization for the diode laser module operating at 808 nm is required for differ... more A complete characterization for the diode laser module operating at 808 nm is required for different applications; such as developing an efficient Nd 3+ doped solid state laser, industrial and medical applications. In this paper a complete characterization for a high power diode laser module with fiber pigtail is presented. Up to 6.6 Watt output optical power was measured. The electrical characterization of the diode laser module was examined by measuring the dependence of the laser driving current on the operating voltage. The optical characterization was investigated at different temperatures; these included the laser output power versus the driving current, the output optical power versus electrical input power and the laser output spectrum. The measured diode laser parameters at 25 o C were (1.3A) threshold current, (42%) overall slope efficiency and (807.96nm) central wavelength with line width of (3.59nm) at FWHM. The variation of the above mentioned parameters with temperature are presented.
The International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Physics
Fiber lasers technology has grown rapidly due to the rapid advances in high power diodes, diode-t... more Fiber lasers technology has grown rapidly due to the rapid advances in high power diodes, diode-to-fiber coupling schemes and doped fiber design and fabrication. Erbium-Ytterbium (Er 3+ /Yb 3+) co-doped fiber is an attractive active medium for the fiber lasers in which Ytterbium is co-doped with Erbium to produce a spectrum in third telecoms window around 1550nm which makes them suitable sources for long range applications. In this paper the Er 3+ /Yb 3+ fiber laser pumped by a laser diode at 980 nm is simulated using the Optiwave software. The pump source was swept from 1.25 to 5 w to extract the slope efficiency. The pump radiation was focused into the Er 3+ /Yb 3+ fiber through an input mirror, which was 98% reflecting at 1550 nm and 99% transmitting at 980 nm. A length of 0.1 m of Er 3+ /Yb 3+ fiber was used with an N.A. of 0.22, Er 3+ ion density of 25.4 x 10 24 m-3 , and Yb 3+ ion density of 320 x 10 24 m-3. The output mirror was 50% reflecting at 1550 nm. Then the length of the fiber was swept from 1m to 5m in order to obtain optimized fiber length. The simulation results demonstrated that a laser output power of 0.8 W was obtained at 1550 nm for a launched power of 2 W with a slope efficiency of 40% and a lasing threshold of 0.4 W of launched pump power. The results also showed that the optimized fiber length was achieved at 2 m which is in a good agreement with the published similar experimental schemes.
Journal of Engineering Science and Military Technologies
Physical quantities can be simulated using Matlab Simulink and Matlab Simscape. In this paper the... more Physical quantities can be simulated using Matlab Simulink and Matlab Simscape. In this paper the behavioral analysis of capacitive gravitational accelerometer based tilt sensor for both mechanical transducer and interface circuits is modeled and simulated. The output signal from each stage of the proposed tilt sensor circuit was measured and displayed for an input tilt angles ranging from-15 to 15. The simulated results showed a good agreement with the published results
The author has granted a non exclusive license allowing Library and Archives Canada to reproduce,... more The author has granted a non exclusive license allowing Library and Archives Canada to reproduce, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, com m unicate to the public by telecom m unication or on the Internet, loan, distribute and sell theses worldwide, for com mercial or non com mercial purposes, in microform, paper, electronic and/or any other formats. AVIS: L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, sauvegarder, conserver, transm ettre au public par telecom m unication ou par I'lnternet, preter, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le monde, a des fins com m erciales ou autres, sur support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou autres formats. i * i Canada Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
IEEE Photonics Journal
Sampling is the primary functional step of an analogue to digital conversion, required for sensin... more Sampling is the primary functional step of an analogue to digital conversion, required for sensing, measurement, signal processing, metrology, and various data communication applications. Here we present, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the optical sampling of different microwave signals with sinc-pulse sequences with a very compact integrated silicon photonics ring modulator. By a simple time interleaving with three branches, the employed ring modulator enables ultra-compact photonic integrated analog to digital converters with a sampling rate of three times the RF bandwidth of itself and of the used photodetector and electronic devices. Therefore, its analogue bandwidth is 50% higher than the RF bandwidth of the incorporated electronics and photonics. Thus, the method might enable high-bandwidth analogue to digital converters with ultra-compact footprint and lower power consumption for future communication systems, sensors, and measurement devices. Index Terms-Optical sampling, ring modulator, silicon photonics, sinc pulse sequences. I. INTRODUCTION S AMPLING can be defined in the time domain as the conversion of a continuous signal amplitude into equidistant, discrete time-values. These discrete amplitude-values can be assigned to the closest digital bit-combination, achieving analogue to digital conversion (ADC). To avoid aliasing, the sampling rate should be at least twice the bandwidth of the baseband signal. The performance of an ADC can be characterized by its analogue bandwidth, power consumption, accuracy, and size [1], [2]. For electronic ADCs, sample and hold circuits can be used for sampling. However, the analogue bandwidth of electronic
Optical and Quantum Electronics
In this paper, we are interested in modeling, simulation, and measurement of the laser spot posit... more In this paper, we are interested in modeling, simulation, and measurement of the laser spot position with a quadrant detector. We enhance detection and tracking of semi-laser weapon decoding system based on microcontroller. The system receives the reflected pulse through quadrant detector and processes the laser pulses through a processing circuit, a microcontroller decoding laser pulse reflected by the target. The seeker accuracy will be enhanced by the decoding system, the laser detection time based on the receiving pulses number is reduced, a gate is used to limit the laser pulse width. The model is implemented based on Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) technique with two microcontroller units (MCU). MCU1 generates laser pulses with different codes. MCU2 decodes the laser code and locks the system at the specific code. The codes EW selected based on the two selector switches. The system is implemented and tested in Proteus ISIS software. The implementation of the full position det...
International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology, 2011
In this paper we are interested in modeling, performance evaluation, and measurement of a quadran... more In this paper we are interested in modeling, performance evaluation, and measurement of a quadrant detector. Photodiode is modeled using its differential equations then implemented and solved using ORCAD-pspise. The model validation was performed by comparing the model results with the experimental measurements using a proposed setup. The model was used to investigate the effect of the photodiode donor concentrations, acceptor concentrations and intrinsic region concentrations. The simulation results showed that the donor concentrations should be kept as small as possible in order to improve the photodiode performance, the acceptor concentrations has a small effect on the performance, and as the intrinsic region concentration increases the photocurrent increases and the junction capacitance decreases with a small increase in the dark current.
2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG), 2020
Photonic network was used with fire control system by replacing the copper cables with polymer op... more Photonic network was used with fire control system by replacing the copper cables with polymer optical fibers in order to increase the transmission data rate and the bandwidth. In this paper, CYTOP was chosen to be used to transmit the different signals that are sent from several sensors to ballistic computer due to the superior performance among the other types of polymer fibers. The proposed special photonic networks were implemented for different multiplexing techniques using optisystem software. These techniques were Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM), Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (OWDM), and Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM). Based on simulated Q factor, BER, and the eye diagram, OWDM showed the highest performance with increasing number of laser sources (8 laser sources). Hybrid OWDM-MDM network was proposed to minimize the number of laser sources (4 laser sources) while keeping high performance which makes it the most suitable choice for special platforms.
A passive, Q-switched pulsed, Nd:YAG laser system was modeled, designed, and implemented to provi... more A passive, Q-switched pulsed, Nd:YAG laser system was modeled, designed, and implemented to provide a reliable laser source for portable laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) systems instead the ordinary systems that are using laser pulses separated by some delay with microsecond order. The designed system consists of a Nd:YAG rod that is pumped by a flash lamp. Our choice for flash lamp as a pumping source based on the fact that flash lamps are fairly inexpensive and are capable of delivering enough amount of optical power in a short time span. We have successfully implemented a xenon-flashlamp-pumped Nd:YAG laser passively Q-switched with a Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber operates at 1064 nm contains a train of pulses having maximum with total output energy of 700 mJ . The pulse width of the train of pulses is about 37ns and the main output pulse train is within 550 μs. These laser shots were employed to enhance the LIBS signal. System verification was performed by LIBS measurem...
2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG), 2020
among the various components of Infrared imaging system; IR objective is the first essential comp... more among the various components of Infrared imaging system; IR objective is the first essential component of the IR imaging chain that can affect the overall performance of the IR imaging systems. In this paper, a proposed structure and detailed design of a high resolution wide field of view IR objective operating in the spectral band 8-12 µm using ZEMAX software is presented. The objective design constrains, procedures, optimization and the related Figure of merits are introduced and discussed. The objective Root Mean Square RMS radius curve and average modulation transfer function (AMTF) were measured in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed IR objective, the results showed high performance in terms of RMS radius curve and AMTF. The RMS radius is centered on a detector pixel pitch of 17 µm with a high AMTF value of 0.5 at the spatial frequency resolution boundary (Nyquist frequency) of 29.4 cycle/millimeter. The compact design and the high performance of the proposed obje...
2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG), 2020
Laser soft damage of electro-optical (EO) sensors can be defined as the destruction of electronic... more Laser soft damage of electro-optical (EO) sensors can be defined as the destruction of electronic primary devices, or the photo detectors. This damaging effect causes system’s functions to be lost. In this paper dazzling and soft damage of electro-optical sensors, including, complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) imaging sensors and charge-coupled devices (CCD) imaging sensors were studied both theoretically and experimentally. A MATLAB simulation model was built and used for predicting the design parameters of practical laser system. This laser system is capable of damaging EO sensors from laboratory scale to far field distances; this was achieved by maximizing the laser pulse energy. In addition, we designed and implemented an enhanced high energy flash lamp pumped pulsed Nd:YAG laser system with 2 J energy to achieve soft damaging of numerous types of EO sensors at different distances. Good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results obtained and a CCD ima...
Diode side-pumped solid-state lasers have the potential to yield high quality laser beams with hi... more Diode side-pumped solid-state lasers have the potential to yield high quality laser beams with high efficiency and reliability. This paper summarizes the results of simulation of the most predominant active media that are used in high power diode pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser systems. Nd:YAG, Nd:glass, and Nd:YLF rods laser systems were simulated using the special finite element analysis software program LASCAD. A performance trade off analysis for Nd:YAG, Nd:glass, and Nd:YLF rods was performed in order to predict the system optimized parameters and to investigate thermally induced thermal fracture that may occur due to heat load and mechanical stress. The simulation results showed that at the optimized values Nd:YAG rod achieved the highest output power of 175W with 43% efficiency and heat load of 1.873W/mm3. A negligible changes in laser output power, heat load, stress, and temperature distributions were observed when the Nd:YAG rod length was increased from 72 to 80mm. Simulat...
International journal of engineering research and technology, 2017
In this paper, we describe and enhance detection and tracking of laser guided weapon decoding sys... more In this paper, we describe and enhance detection and tracking of laser guided weapon decoding system based on microcontroller. The system is designed to receive the reflected pulse through a 4-quadrant laser detector and to process the received laser pulses through an electronic circuit, which send data to the microcontroller for decoding laser signal reflected by the target. The laser seeker accuracy will be improved by the decoding system, which reduced the time of laser detection by reducing the number of received pulse to detect the code and generating a narrow gate signal to improve the anti-jamming ability. We implement a model of the laser pulse code detection (PCD) system based on Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) technique with two microcontroller units (MCU). MCU1 generates laser pulses with different codes and also communicates with switches to control which code is selected. MCU2 recognizes the laser code and locks the system at the specific code. The locked frequency can...
In this paper, we present an enhanced model to predict the effect of thermal blooming and atmosph... more In this paper, we present an enhanced model to predict the effect of thermal blooming and atmospheric turbulence, on high energy laser beams free space propagation. We introduce an implementation technique for the proposed mathematical models describing the effect of thermal blooming and atmospheric turbulence including wind blowing, and how it effect high power laser beam power, far field pattern, phase change effect and beam quality . An investigated model of adaptive optics was introduced to study how to improve the wave front and phase distortion caused by thermal blooming and atmospheric turbulence, the adaptive optics model with Actuator influence spacing 3 cm the that shows observed improvement in the Strehl ratio and in wave front and phase of the beam. These models was implemented using cooperative agents relying on GLAD software package. Without taking in consideration the effect of thermal blooming It was deduced that the beam at the source takes the Gaussian shape with u...
Infrared, Millimeter-Wave, and Terahertz Technologies VIII
The International Conference on Electrical Engineering
In this paper several optical configurations for an orbiting high-resolution panchromatic pushbro... more In this paper several optical configurations for an orbiting high-resolution panchromatic pushbroom camera are presented. The geometric design aspects for different optical sensor systems are discussed. Several optical telescope configurations emphasizing the challenges associated with high resolution imaging are studied. Different case studies and the result of a trade-off analysis, considering not only optical performance but also other aspects such as cost, volume and complexity are presented.
The International Conference on Electrical Engineering
This paper aims to explain the design and planning of a passive optical networks (PON) which can ... more This paper aims to explain the design and planning of a passive optical networks (PON) which can build a fictitious environment allowing to study fiber to the home (FTTH) networks in depth and decide the optimal option for this environment. We design a network architecture based on FTTH systems with different bit rates (1.25 GB/s, 2 GB/s, 2.5Gb/s,5Gb/s and 10 GB/s). This architecture is targeted to deliver a very high speed data using optical communication between the edge nodes connecting the end users. This transmission allows the simultaneous delivery of triple play service (data, voice and video). In our design various data rates are studied. It has been observed that the proposed system is one of the most suitable methods concerning data rate. It is demonstrated that as we increase the data rate, the number of accommodated user's decreases due to high bit error rate. Also by increasing the distance of transmission, the system will be undesirable due to increasing the bit error rate.
The International Conference on Electrical Engineering
In this paper we are interested in modeling, simulation, and measurement of laser spot position d... more In this paper we are interested in modeling, simulation, and measurement of laser spot position determination circuit (LSPDC) with a quadrant detector (QD). Photodiode is modeled using its differential equations then implemented using ORCAD-pspise. Starting with the output of the detector, the circuit modeling and simulation for the preamplifier, post amplifier, ADC and microcontroller card were performed. PCB card implementation was performed and integrated with the QD and the necessary optical system components. The implementation of the full LSPDC with the detector is performed. General system for testing the spot LSPDC was performed with a laser source simulating the incident radiation and a mechanical system to enable adjusting different angles. Good agreement was achieved between the measured data and the adjusted angles with a small error attributed to the error in the adjusted mechanical system and the stability of the used laser source.
The International Conference on Electrical Engineering
Laser Weapons destruction capabilities are classified into hard and soft destruction. In this pap... more Laser Weapons destruction capabilities are classified into hard and soft destruction. In this paper laser soft damage of an IR seeker was studied and CW laser power required for damaging (disturbing) a commercial CCD camera at different distance was calculated. An existing Cw Nd-YAG 130 W solid state laser source was enhanced and used to damage a CCD camera at 2 km, enhancement was performed in terms of power threshold, radiation transfer efficiency, beam overlap efficiency, and partial mirror reflectivity. A study of generation of 135 W output power from a Cw end pumping master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) Nd doped double clad fiber laser was done to achieve the goal of disturbing a CCD camera. Finally Optimization of laser output power was performed to fulfill the required laser power level that is needed to disturb or damage a CCD camera.
The International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Physics
A complete characterization for the diode laser module operating at 808 nm is required for differ... more A complete characterization for the diode laser module operating at 808 nm is required for different applications; such as developing an efficient Nd 3+ doped solid state laser, industrial and medical applications. In this paper a complete characterization for a high power diode laser module with fiber pigtail is presented. Up to 6.6 Watt output optical power was measured. The electrical characterization of the diode laser module was examined by measuring the dependence of the laser driving current on the operating voltage. The optical characterization was investigated at different temperatures; these included the laser output power versus the driving current, the output optical power versus electrical input power and the laser output spectrum. The measured diode laser parameters at 25 o C were (1.3A) threshold current, (42%) overall slope efficiency and (807.96nm) central wavelength with line width of (3.59nm) at FWHM. The variation of the above mentioned parameters with temperature are presented.
The International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Physics
Fiber lasers technology has grown rapidly due to the rapid advances in high power diodes, diode-t... more Fiber lasers technology has grown rapidly due to the rapid advances in high power diodes, diode-to-fiber coupling schemes and doped fiber design and fabrication. Erbium-Ytterbium (Er 3+ /Yb 3+) co-doped fiber is an attractive active medium for the fiber lasers in which Ytterbium is co-doped with Erbium to produce a spectrum in third telecoms window around 1550nm which makes them suitable sources for long range applications. In this paper the Er 3+ /Yb 3+ fiber laser pumped by a laser diode at 980 nm is simulated using the Optiwave software. The pump source was swept from 1.25 to 5 w to extract the slope efficiency. The pump radiation was focused into the Er 3+ /Yb 3+ fiber through an input mirror, which was 98% reflecting at 1550 nm and 99% transmitting at 980 nm. A length of 0.1 m of Er 3+ /Yb 3+ fiber was used with an N.A. of 0.22, Er 3+ ion density of 25.4 x 10 24 m-3 , and Yb 3+ ion density of 320 x 10 24 m-3. The output mirror was 50% reflecting at 1550 nm. Then the length of the fiber was swept from 1m to 5m in order to obtain optimized fiber length. The simulation results demonstrated that a laser output power of 0.8 W was obtained at 1550 nm for a launched power of 2 W with a slope efficiency of 40% and a lasing threshold of 0.4 W of launched pump power. The results also showed that the optimized fiber length was achieved at 2 m which is in a good agreement with the published similar experimental schemes.
Journal of Engineering Science and Military Technologies
Physical quantities can be simulated using Matlab Simulink and Matlab Simscape. In this paper the... more Physical quantities can be simulated using Matlab Simulink and Matlab Simscape. In this paper the behavioral analysis of capacitive gravitational accelerometer based tilt sensor for both mechanical transducer and interface circuits is modeled and simulated. The output signal from each stage of the proposed tilt sensor circuit was measured and displayed for an input tilt angles ranging from-15 to 15. The simulated results showed a good agreement with the published results