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Papers by Mona Piplani

An Overview of Integrated Risk Factors with Prevention and Prevalence of Asthma at the Global Level

Current Traditional Medicine

: Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses in childhood, adulthood and pregna... more : Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses in childhood, adulthood and pregnancy with a current occurrence of 6-9 percent, but at an alarming rate of increase. Asthma is a complex genetic disorder that is heavily affected by the environment. In association with significant morbidity, quality of life, and healthcare costs, it is putting an increasing strain on our society. Some factors related to pregnancy, i.e., diet-related, antibiotic uses, and stress; childhood risk factors, i.e., lung function, exposure to smoking, animal etc. and adulthood risk factor, i.e., pollution-related etc., are responsible for trends in incidence and mortality due to asthma at a Global level and Indian population. Data were collected from PubMed, Web of Sciences, CINHAL, WHO Clinical trial register, Google Scholar, and official websites of various asthma societies and statistically analyzed using ANOVA tests. Data were analyzed for India and the specific population of the northern region of India during the last five years. Risk factors related to asthma at different stages, i.e., genetic, pregnancy, childhood, and adulthood, were reviewed, and the prevalence of asthma at the Global level, India and northern India, was analyzed and compared. The mean Global prevalence of asthma was found to be 281.3±14.7 (SD), whereas, for India, it was 22.78±8.605. After applying One Way ANOVA, a significant difference (t=48.44, df=4) was found between the Global and Indian prevalence of asthma, i.e., the mean difference of 259.7±11.99. The mean value was found highest in Delhi and Rajasthan, having values of 19.74±11.79 and 13.58±9.47, whereas Chandigarh and Uttar Pradesh recorded asthma’s prevalence as 11.87±7.83 and 4.32±2.32 respectively. Himachal and Haryana acquired almost equal values of asthma at 1.67±0.13 and 1.23±0.33.

Anticancer Potential of Compounds Bearing Thiazolidin-4-one Scaffold: Comprehensive Review

Pharmacophore

Ethosomes: Novel vesicular carriers for effective transdermal delivery of natural therapeutics

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery

: The topical delivery, being the most reliable route for drug administration, offers multiple ad... more : The topical delivery, being the most reliable route for drug administration, offers multiple advantages. The conventional topical dosage forms deliver a relatively higher amount of drug to achieve therapeutic action triggering hypersensitivity reactions accompanied by greasiness and staining issues. The advent of transdermal nanocarriers has waived off some of these limitations and assisted in achieving enhanced therapeutic efficacy with sustained release and minimal/no instances of systemic toxicity. The ethosome, one of the novel lipid carrier systems, has eased the administration of many hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs through the stratum corneum. It is a non-invasive drug carrier consisting of 45% ethanol, phospholipids, and non-ionic surfactants. The discovery of ethosomal technology has proved to be fruitful in delivering drugs with a wide range of polarity and other physicochemical parameters across skin. In this review, the ethosomal system has been explored for the delivery of complex phytoconstituents across the skin along with the key building material of ethosomes, associated mechanism of drug delivery, recent developments in ethosomes as a drug carrier, reported ethosomal formulations encapsulating various plant metabolites, conducted clinical trials and available ethosomal formulations for the delivery of phytocomponents across stratum corneum.

Spotlight on 4‐substituted quinolines as potential anti‐infective agents: Journey beyond chloroquine

Archiv der Pharmazie

A Systematic Review of updated mechanistic insights towards Alzheimer’s disease

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets

Background and purpose: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disorder that... more Background and purpose: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disorder that impairs memory, cognitive abilities, and the ability to do even most everyday activities. This neurodegenerative disease is growing increasingly common as the world's population ages. Here we reviewed some of the key findings that have shown the function of Aβ peptide, oxidative stress, free radical damage Triggering Receptors Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), Nitric Oxide (NO), and gut microbiota in the aetiology of AD. Methodology: The potentially relevant online medical databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and JSTOR were exhaustively researched. In addition, the data reported in the present study were primarily intervened on the basis of the timeline selected from 1 January 2000 to 31 October 2021. The whole framework was designed substantially based on key terms and studies selected by virtue of their relevance to our investigations. Results: ...

An Insight into Osmotic Drug Delivery Systems

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery

Dosing pattern of the conventional drug delivery system results in continuously changing and unpr... more Dosing pattern of the conventional drug delivery system results in continuously changing and unpredictable plasma concentrations as this system has modest control on the release of drug along with almost negligible effectual concentration near the site of interest. The problems coupled with conventional drug delivery can be triumphed over by employing osmotic drug delivery systems which are one of the most budding strategies utilizing osmotic pressure to release active pharmaceutical ingredients in an optimized manner at a controlled rate. Various formulation parameters which influence the release of drugs from these systems include: osmotic pressure wielded by the core components, the drug’s solubility, size of the delivery orifice in conjunction with the characteristics of the semipermeable membrane. However, it is completely autonomous of the gastrointestinal tract’s anatomical environment and concomitant ingestion of meal. The aim of this manuscript is to study the earlier osmot...

S N H 2 N OCH 3 + S N OCH 3 NH C N S N Ar N NH Ar (3) (4) (5a-5h) A new series of N-(6-methoxyben... more S N H 2 N OCH 3 + S N OCH 3 NH C N S N Ar N NH Ar (3) (4) (5a-5h) A new series of N-(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-substituted phenyl-1H-benz[d]imidazole-1-carbothioamide derivatives (5a-5h) has been synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial effects. All these compounds were characterized and screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal strains. Titled compounds were also evaluated for their antimalarial activity against P. falciparum. Antimicrobial activity screening results showed that some compounds namely 5b against P. aeruginosa, 5c against S. aureus and E. coli, 5d against E. coli and P. aeruginosa and 5g against E. coli from the series have emerged as prospective antibacterial leads endowed with excellent activity (MIC 12.5-62.5 μg/ml). While only one fungal strain C. albicans was susceptible towards synthesized compounds. On the other hand, compounds 5c and 5h exhibited noteworthy antimalarial acti...

The goal of conducting validation is to demonstrate that a process, when operated within establis... more The goal of conducting validation is to demonstrate that a process, when operated within established limits, produces a product of consistent and specified quality with a high degree of assurance. Validation of water treatment systems is necessary to obtain water with all desired quality attributes. This also provides a framework to establish a total control over the process which monitors safety, efficacy and ultimately, the process outcomes. The present overview is an attempt to discuss various aspects of validation including different approaches, components of water treatment systems, equipment qualifications, phases of performance testing, documentation and post-validation monitoring.

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of prodrugs of ciprofloxacin clubbed with benzothiazoles through N-Mannich base approach

The present study aims towards the design and synthesis of N-Mannich base prodrugs of ciprofloxac... more The present study aims towards the design and synthesis of N-Mannich base prodrugs of ciprofloxacin with benzothiazoles to improve the therapeutic potential of antibacterial agent. All of the prodrugs were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics and their structures were confirmed by IR, 1 H NMR as well as mass spectroscopy. In vitro dissolution studies of these synthesized prodrugs were carried out in physiological solutions (pH 1.2 and 7.4) resembling gastric and intestinal tract to estimate their hydrolysis. The prodrugs were found to possess high partition coefficient compared to ciprofloxacin. Prodrug C3 has been proved most potent antibacterial agent having MIC value of 12.5 and 25 µg/ml against S. aureus MTCC 96 and S. pyogenus MTCC 442 respectively when compared with ciprofloxacin (MIC value 50 µg/ml). Prodrugs C5 and C6 exhibited comparable antibacterial profile against selected bacterial strains to that of reference drugs. Some of the synthesized prodrugs showed good...

Nebulizer Therapy: A Platform for Pulmonary Drug Delivery

Numerous technological advancements and developments have been carried out worldwide in the avenu... more Numerous technological advancements and developments have been carried out worldwide in the avenue of inhalation therapy. This therapy has become an indispensable part of the standard management plan for various pulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease etc. The commonly employed inhalers fall in three categories such as nebulizers, metered-dose inhaler and dry powder inhaler. Nebulization is a common method for generating medical aerosol and is utilized globally by adults and children; particularly both for emergency treatment of acute illness and for long term home treatment of pulmonary diseases. The present overview is an attempt to discuss various salient features of nebulizers along with its potential advantages and disadvantages. This manuscript also laid emphasis on various technical aspects of nebulised drug delivery systems

Archives of Applied Science Research, 2010

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) have emerged as one of the popular and widely accepted dosag... more Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) have emerged as one of the popular and widely accepted dosage forms, especially for the pediatric and geriatric patients. To obviate the problem of dysphagia and to improve patient compliance, ODTs have gained considerable attention as preferred alternatives to conventional tablet and capsule formulations. Various scientific techniques including freeze drying, moulding, spray drying, sublimation, direct compression, cotton candy process, mass extrusion, melt granulation etc. have been employed for the development of ODTs. These techniques render the disintegration of tablet rapidly and dissolve in mouth without chewing or additional water intake. The current article is focused on ideal characteristics, significant features, patented technologies, formulation aspects including the use of superdisintegrants. Various marketed preparations along with numerous scientific advancements made so far in this avenue have also been discussed.

Formulation and Evaluation of Orally Disintegrating Tablets: Comparison of Natural and Synthetic Superdisintegrants

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are gaining popularity over conventional tablets due to thei... more Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are gaining popularity over conventional tablets due to their convenience in administration and suitability for patients having dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing). In the present study, an attempt was made to compare the disintegration efficiency of mucilage isolated from natural source, Plantago ovata with widely used synthetic superdisintegrant, sodium starch glycolate (SSG) in the formulation of ODTs. Both the superdisintegrants were used at different concentration levels to assess their efficiency. ODTs were prepared by direct compression method using mannitol as directly compressible vehicle. Tablets were evaluated for various physical parameters such as weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, drug content, in vitro disintegration time and dissolution studies. Swelling index was also measured for comparing the swelling property of SSG with mucilage of Plantago ovata. The present study reveal...

Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Status of Asthma

Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews, May 26, 2022

Abstrtact: Asthma, a common respiratory disorder with frequent blowout following a characteristic... more Abstrtact: Asthma, a common respiratory disorder with frequent blowout following a characteristic spread pattern is vibrant in India. Respiratory disorders are the leading cause of death worldwide. `1 In India, asthma is more prominent especially in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh of the North India region. In this review, our main focus is to study the drug therapy for the asthma and its complications. The present paper illustrates the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, mechanism of airway inflammation, classification, and diagnosis of asthma. We have also compiled the data of asthma in Northern India, state-wise for the last five years. Diagnosis and management of asthma are also described as per the guidelines of various agencies, i.e., NICE/BTS/SIGN and WHO.

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics

Helicobacter pylori is a virulent human pathogen infecting about 50% of the population worldwide.... more Helicobacter pylori is a virulent human pathogen infecting about 50% of the population worldwide. Being a leading cause of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, dyspepsia, gastric tumorigenesis etc., this organism has been the focus of concerted study to establish uncertainty of its genetics, immunopathogenesis and cell biology. Scientists have tried to effectively eradicate this pathogen from the gastrointestinal tract in various manners. Inquest of this venture, gastroretentive drug delivery systems including floating dosage forms have emerged as a boon and offer significantly improved therapeutic effects of different antimicrobial drugs. This article presents an evocative review of the structural features, epidemiological evidences and various pharmacotherapeutics vistas. In addition, various novel gastroretentive dosage forms developed so far to combat Helicobacter pylori infection are also discussed. Comprehensive literature review has been performed for this manuscript by ...

Role of chitosan in transdermal drug delivery

Chitosan in Drug Delivery

Thiolated chitosan as an improved bioadhesive polymer in drug delivery

Chitosan in Drug Delivery

Recent Advances in Colon Drug Delivery Technology

Drug Delivery Letters

Colon-targeted drug delivery technology; an approach of immense potential, has acquired tremendou... more Colon-targeted drug delivery technology; an approach of immense potential, has acquired tremendous significance for managing a number of ailments, particularly of the colon and for delivering therapeutic proteins and peptides systemically. The major hurdles for delivering drugs in the colonic region include absorption and degradation pathways in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). To achieve a triumphant colonic delivery, the therapeutic agent must be protected from getting absorbed in the preliminary region of GIT to ensure its release in the proximal colon in a controlled way. The principle approaches, for instance, prodrug approach, pH sensitivity, timedependency (lag time), degradation by microbes, etc. have been effectively applied for obtaining colon targeted drug delivery. These approaches have accomplished immense relevance. Therefore, incessant attempts have been mainly focused on the design of colon targeted drug delivery systems having enhanced site-specificity along ...

Prodrugs are the pharmacologically inactive derivatives of active drugs typically intended to opt... more Prodrugs are the pharmacologically inactive derivatives of active drugs typically intended to optimize the exposure of active drug at target site, through manipulation of its physicochemical, biopharmaceutical or pharmacokinetic properties. This approach has a number of advantages over conventional drug administration. Antiinfective agents are associated with number of limitations, responsible for their reduced bioavailability. Various antiinfective prodrugs have been synthesized with reduced side effects and improved pharmacological properties. The present paper illustrates different vistas of prodrug approach of antiinfective agents describing brief classification, synthetic approaches, pharmacological aspects and recent patents. It is a very productive area of research and its prologue in human therapy has given triumphant outcomes in improving the clinical and therapeutic effectiveness of drugs. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see "For Readers") may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue's contents page.

Plant-based larvicidal agents: An overview from 2000 to 2018

Experimental Parasitology

Journal of advanced research, 2017

Prodrugs, the inert derivatives of existing drugs have successfully contributed to the modificati... more Prodrugs, the inert derivatives of existing drugs have successfully contributed to the modification of their physicochemical properties. The improved antimicrobial potential due to enhanced lipophilicity of some of the synthesized prodrugs of antibacterial agents by various schemes has already been reported. In the current study, synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of some more lipid based prodrugs/compounds of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin has been carried out. The synthesized prodrugs/compounds have been screened for anthelmintic activity using Indian earthworms and cytotoxic activity against human lung cancer cell lines A-549 employing sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay method. The prodrugs FQF1, 6b, 6c, and 6k were found to possess promising anthelmintic activity due to improved partition coefficient. Growth of selected cells lines was found to decrease with increase in concentration of prodrugs as compared to parent drug. Prodrug, 6k having GI50 value 28.8, has bee...

An Overview of Integrated Risk Factors with Prevention and Prevalence of Asthma at the Global Level

Current Traditional Medicine

: Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses in childhood, adulthood and pregna... more : Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses in childhood, adulthood and pregnancy with a current occurrence of 6-9 percent, but at an alarming rate of increase. Asthma is a complex genetic disorder that is heavily affected by the environment. In association with significant morbidity, quality of life, and healthcare costs, it is putting an increasing strain on our society. Some factors related to pregnancy, i.e., diet-related, antibiotic uses, and stress; childhood risk factors, i.e., lung function, exposure to smoking, animal etc. and adulthood risk factor, i.e., pollution-related etc., are responsible for trends in incidence and mortality due to asthma at a Global level and Indian population. Data were collected from PubMed, Web of Sciences, CINHAL, WHO Clinical trial register, Google Scholar, and official websites of various asthma societies and statistically analyzed using ANOVA tests. Data were analyzed for India and the specific population of the northern region of India during the last five years. Risk factors related to asthma at different stages, i.e., genetic, pregnancy, childhood, and adulthood, were reviewed, and the prevalence of asthma at the Global level, India and northern India, was analyzed and compared. The mean Global prevalence of asthma was found to be 281.3±14.7 (SD), whereas, for India, it was 22.78±8.605. After applying One Way ANOVA, a significant difference (t=48.44, df=4) was found between the Global and Indian prevalence of asthma, i.e., the mean difference of 259.7±11.99. The mean value was found highest in Delhi and Rajasthan, having values of 19.74±11.79 and 13.58±9.47, whereas Chandigarh and Uttar Pradesh recorded asthma’s prevalence as 11.87±7.83 and 4.32±2.32 respectively. Himachal and Haryana acquired almost equal values of asthma at 1.67±0.13 and 1.23±0.33.

Anticancer Potential of Compounds Bearing Thiazolidin-4-one Scaffold: Comprehensive Review

Pharmacophore

Ethosomes: Novel vesicular carriers for effective transdermal delivery of natural therapeutics

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery

: The topical delivery, being the most reliable route for drug administration, offers multiple ad... more : The topical delivery, being the most reliable route for drug administration, offers multiple advantages. The conventional topical dosage forms deliver a relatively higher amount of drug to achieve therapeutic action triggering hypersensitivity reactions accompanied by greasiness and staining issues. The advent of transdermal nanocarriers has waived off some of these limitations and assisted in achieving enhanced therapeutic efficacy with sustained release and minimal/no instances of systemic toxicity. The ethosome, one of the novel lipid carrier systems, has eased the administration of many hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs through the stratum corneum. It is a non-invasive drug carrier consisting of 45% ethanol, phospholipids, and non-ionic surfactants. The discovery of ethosomal technology has proved to be fruitful in delivering drugs with a wide range of polarity and other physicochemical parameters across skin. In this review, the ethosomal system has been explored for the delivery of complex phytoconstituents across the skin along with the key building material of ethosomes, associated mechanism of drug delivery, recent developments in ethosomes as a drug carrier, reported ethosomal formulations encapsulating various plant metabolites, conducted clinical trials and available ethosomal formulations for the delivery of phytocomponents across stratum corneum.

Spotlight on 4‐substituted quinolines as potential anti‐infective agents: Journey beyond chloroquine

Archiv der Pharmazie

A Systematic Review of updated mechanistic insights towards Alzheimer’s disease

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets

Background and purpose: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disorder that... more Background and purpose: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disorder that impairs memory, cognitive abilities, and the ability to do even most everyday activities. This neurodegenerative disease is growing increasingly common as the world's population ages. Here we reviewed some of the key findings that have shown the function of Aβ peptide, oxidative stress, free radical damage Triggering Receptors Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), Nitric Oxide (NO), and gut microbiota in the aetiology of AD. Methodology: The potentially relevant online medical databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and JSTOR were exhaustively researched. In addition, the data reported in the present study were primarily intervened on the basis of the timeline selected from 1 January 2000 to 31 October 2021. The whole framework was designed substantially based on key terms and studies selected by virtue of their relevance to our investigations. Results: ...

An Insight into Osmotic Drug Delivery Systems

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery

Dosing pattern of the conventional drug delivery system results in continuously changing and unpr... more Dosing pattern of the conventional drug delivery system results in continuously changing and unpredictable plasma concentrations as this system has modest control on the release of drug along with almost negligible effectual concentration near the site of interest. The problems coupled with conventional drug delivery can be triumphed over by employing osmotic drug delivery systems which are one of the most budding strategies utilizing osmotic pressure to release active pharmaceutical ingredients in an optimized manner at a controlled rate. Various formulation parameters which influence the release of drugs from these systems include: osmotic pressure wielded by the core components, the drug’s solubility, size of the delivery orifice in conjunction with the characteristics of the semipermeable membrane. However, it is completely autonomous of the gastrointestinal tract’s anatomical environment and concomitant ingestion of meal. The aim of this manuscript is to study the earlier osmot...

S N H 2 N OCH 3 + S N OCH 3 NH C N S N Ar N NH Ar (3) (4) (5a-5h) A new series of N-(6-methoxyben... more S N H 2 N OCH 3 + S N OCH 3 NH C N S N Ar N NH Ar (3) (4) (5a-5h) A new series of N-(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-substituted phenyl-1H-benz[d]imidazole-1-carbothioamide derivatives (5a-5h) has been synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial effects. All these compounds were characterized and screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal strains. Titled compounds were also evaluated for their antimalarial activity against P. falciparum. Antimicrobial activity screening results showed that some compounds namely 5b against P. aeruginosa, 5c against S. aureus and E. coli, 5d against E. coli and P. aeruginosa and 5g against E. coli from the series have emerged as prospective antibacterial leads endowed with excellent activity (MIC 12.5-62.5 μg/ml). While only one fungal strain C. albicans was susceptible towards synthesized compounds. On the other hand, compounds 5c and 5h exhibited noteworthy antimalarial acti...

The goal of conducting validation is to demonstrate that a process, when operated within establis... more The goal of conducting validation is to demonstrate that a process, when operated within established limits, produces a product of consistent and specified quality with a high degree of assurance. Validation of water treatment systems is necessary to obtain water with all desired quality attributes. This also provides a framework to establish a total control over the process which monitors safety, efficacy and ultimately, the process outcomes. The present overview is an attempt to discuss various aspects of validation including different approaches, components of water treatment systems, equipment qualifications, phases of performance testing, documentation and post-validation monitoring.

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of prodrugs of ciprofloxacin clubbed with benzothiazoles through N-Mannich base approach

The present study aims towards the design and synthesis of N-Mannich base prodrugs of ciprofloxac... more The present study aims towards the design and synthesis of N-Mannich base prodrugs of ciprofloxacin with benzothiazoles to improve the therapeutic potential of antibacterial agent. All of the prodrugs were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics and their structures were confirmed by IR, 1 H NMR as well as mass spectroscopy. In vitro dissolution studies of these synthesized prodrugs were carried out in physiological solutions (pH 1.2 and 7.4) resembling gastric and intestinal tract to estimate their hydrolysis. The prodrugs were found to possess high partition coefficient compared to ciprofloxacin. Prodrug C3 has been proved most potent antibacterial agent having MIC value of 12.5 and 25 µg/ml against S. aureus MTCC 96 and S. pyogenus MTCC 442 respectively when compared with ciprofloxacin (MIC value 50 µg/ml). Prodrugs C5 and C6 exhibited comparable antibacterial profile against selected bacterial strains to that of reference drugs. Some of the synthesized prodrugs showed good...

Nebulizer Therapy: A Platform for Pulmonary Drug Delivery

Numerous technological advancements and developments have been carried out worldwide in the avenu... more Numerous technological advancements and developments have been carried out worldwide in the avenue of inhalation therapy. This therapy has become an indispensable part of the standard management plan for various pulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease etc. The commonly employed inhalers fall in three categories such as nebulizers, metered-dose inhaler and dry powder inhaler. Nebulization is a common method for generating medical aerosol and is utilized globally by adults and children; particularly both for emergency treatment of acute illness and for long term home treatment of pulmonary diseases. The present overview is an attempt to discuss various salient features of nebulizers along with its potential advantages and disadvantages. This manuscript also laid emphasis on various technical aspects of nebulised drug delivery systems

Archives of Applied Science Research, 2010

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) have emerged as one of the popular and widely accepted dosag... more Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) have emerged as one of the popular and widely accepted dosage forms, especially for the pediatric and geriatric patients. To obviate the problem of dysphagia and to improve patient compliance, ODTs have gained considerable attention as preferred alternatives to conventional tablet and capsule formulations. Various scientific techniques including freeze drying, moulding, spray drying, sublimation, direct compression, cotton candy process, mass extrusion, melt granulation etc. have been employed for the development of ODTs. These techniques render the disintegration of tablet rapidly and dissolve in mouth without chewing or additional water intake. The current article is focused on ideal characteristics, significant features, patented technologies, formulation aspects including the use of superdisintegrants. Various marketed preparations along with numerous scientific advancements made so far in this avenue have also been discussed.

Formulation and Evaluation of Orally Disintegrating Tablets: Comparison of Natural and Synthetic Superdisintegrants

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are gaining popularity over conventional tablets due to thei... more Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are gaining popularity over conventional tablets due to their convenience in administration and suitability for patients having dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing). In the present study, an attempt was made to compare the disintegration efficiency of mucilage isolated from natural source, Plantago ovata with widely used synthetic superdisintegrant, sodium starch glycolate (SSG) in the formulation of ODTs. Both the superdisintegrants were used at different concentration levels to assess their efficiency. ODTs were prepared by direct compression method using mannitol as directly compressible vehicle. Tablets were evaluated for various physical parameters such as weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, drug content, in vitro disintegration time and dissolution studies. Swelling index was also measured for comparing the swelling property of SSG with mucilage of Plantago ovata. The present study reveal...

Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Status of Asthma

Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews, May 26, 2022

Abstrtact: Asthma, a common respiratory disorder with frequent blowout following a characteristic... more Abstrtact: Asthma, a common respiratory disorder with frequent blowout following a characteristic spread pattern is vibrant in India. Respiratory disorders are the leading cause of death worldwide. `1 In India, asthma is more prominent especially in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh of the North India region. In this review, our main focus is to study the drug therapy for the asthma and its complications. The present paper illustrates the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, mechanism of airway inflammation, classification, and diagnosis of asthma. We have also compiled the data of asthma in Northern India, state-wise for the last five years. Diagnosis and management of asthma are also described as per the guidelines of various agencies, i.e., NICE/BTS/SIGN and WHO.

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics

Helicobacter pylori is a virulent human pathogen infecting about 50% of the population worldwide.... more Helicobacter pylori is a virulent human pathogen infecting about 50% of the population worldwide. Being a leading cause of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, dyspepsia, gastric tumorigenesis etc., this organism has been the focus of concerted study to establish uncertainty of its genetics, immunopathogenesis and cell biology. Scientists have tried to effectively eradicate this pathogen from the gastrointestinal tract in various manners. Inquest of this venture, gastroretentive drug delivery systems including floating dosage forms have emerged as a boon and offer significantly improved therapeutic effects of different antimicrobial drugs. This article presents an evocative review of the structural features, epidemiological evidences and various pharmacotherapeutics vistas. In addition, various novel gastroretentive dosage forms developed so far to combat Helicobacter pylori infection are also discussed. Comprehensive literature review has been performed for this manuscript by ...

Role of chitosan in transdermal drug delivery

Chitosan in Drug Delivery

Thiolated chitosan as an improved bioadhesive polymer in drug delivery

Chitosan in Drug Delivery

Recent Advances in Colon Drug Delivery Technology

Drug Delivery Letters

Colon-targeted drug delivery technology; an approach of immense potential, has acquired tremendou... more Colon-targeted drug delivery technology; an approach of immense potential, has acquired tremendous significance for managing a number of ailments, particularly of the colon and for delivering therapeutic proteins and peptides systemically. The major hurdles for delivering drugs in the colonic region include absorption and degradation pathways in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). To achieve a triumphant colonic delivery, the therapeutic agent must be protected from getting absorbed in the preliminary region of GIT to ensure its release in the proximal colon in a controlled way. The principle approaches, for instance, prodrug approach, pH sensitivity, timedependency (lag time), degradation by microbes, etc. have been effectively applied for obtaining colon targeted drug delivery. These approaches have accomplished immense relevance. Therefore, incessant attempts have been mainly focused on the design of colon targeted drug delivery systems having enhanced site-specificity along ...

Prodrugs are the pharmacologically inactive derivatives of active drugs typically intended to opt... more Prodrugs are the pharmacologically inactive derivatives of active drugs typically intended to optimize the exposure of active drug at target site, through manipulation of its physicochemical, biopharmaceutical or pharmacokinetic properties. This approach has a number of advantages over conventional drug administration. Antiinfective agents are associated with number of limitations, responsible for their reduced bioavailability. Various antiinfective prodrugs have been synthesized with reduced side effects and improved pharmacological properties. The present paper illustrates different vistas of prodrug approach of antiinfective agents describing brief classification, synthetic approaches, pharmacological aspects and recent patents. It is a very productive area of research and its prologue in human therapy has given triumphant outcomes in improving the clinical and therapeutic effectiveness of drugs. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see "For Readers") may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue's contents page.

Plant-based larvicidal agents: An overview from 2000 to 2018

Experimental Parasitology

Journal of advanced research, 2017

Prodrugs, the inert derivatives of existing drugs have successfully contributed to the modificati... more Prodrugs, the inert derivatives of existing drugs have successfully contributed to the modification of their physicochemical properties. The improved antimicrobial potential due to enhanced lipophilicity of some of the synthesized prodrugs of antibacterial agents by various schemes has already been reported. In the current study, synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of some more lipid based prodrugs/compounds of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin has been carried out. The synthesized prodrugs/compounds have been screened for anthelmintic activity using Indian earthworms and cytotoxic activity against human lung cancer cell lines A-549 employing sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay method. The prodrugs FQF1, 6b, 6c, and 6k were found to possess promising anthelmintic activity due to improved partition coefficient. Growth of selected cells lines was found to decrease with increase in concentration of prodrugs as compared to parent drug. Prodrug, 6k having GI50 value 28.8, has bee...