Mondita Borgohain - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mondita Borgohain

Mycopathologia, Jul 22, 2015

A large number of phaeoid fungi cause infection in humans and other animals which is characterize... more A large number of phaeoid fungi cause infection in humans and other animals which is characterized by the basic development of sclerotic body, dark-coloured filamentous hyphae as well as yeast-like cells in the invaded tissue. Two cases of subcutaneous mycosis in immunocompetent male patients aged 55 and 58 years attending Dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Assam, northeast India, are reported. The first case was diagnosed as chromoblastomycosis which was caused by Cladosporium cladosporioides. The patient clinically presented with a chronic verrucous and nodular growth of 32-year duration on the left foot and leg. Identification of the species was done by sequencing the D1/D2 region of LSU (large subunit 28S rDNA). The patient was treated with surgical resection and oral itraconazole which showed good clinical response and total regression of lesion after 9 months. The second case due to Bipolaris cynodontis presented as verrucous exophytic growth over the dorsum of the right foot of 1-year duration which was diagnosed as chromoblastomycosis. The identification of the species was done by sequencing the ITS region. The patient was started with oral itraconazole but was lost to follow-up. Chromoblastomycosis due to Cladosporium cladosporioides is rare. Bipolaris cynodontis is not yet reported as a cause of human infection. The aetiological role of this fungus was confirmed by repeated isolation of the fungus from the lesion and direct microscopy. Molecular identification methods can increase the spectrum of black moulds causing human infection in coming years. We are reporting these two cases with review of the available literature.

Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2018

Background: The term malignant Lymphomas embrace a variable group of Proliferative diseases that ... more Background: The term malignant Lymphomas embrace a variable group of Proliferative diseases that originate in the Lymph node or extra nodal Lymphatic Tissue. It constitutes 3.69% of all Malignancies World Wide. The incidence of Lymphoma exhibits a marked Geographic variation in the World. Methods: The study included58 patients who were histologically diagnosed as Malignant lymphomas in our hospital, the paraffin embedded blocks of these cases were evaluated by a panel of immunohistochemistry markers by taking proper controls and using the standard protocol. Statistical analysis were performed by SPSS software. Results: Out of the 58 cases of Malignant Lymphoma 47 were diagnosed as Non Hodgkins Lymphoma and 11 cases (19%) as Hodgkins Lymphoma. Of these 58 cases of Malignant Lymphoma, adults were 51 and paediatric cases were 7, male female ratio was 2.6:1 and Non Hodgkins Lymphoma was Commoner. B cell Lymphomas were the predominant type accounts for 74.5% of all Non Hodgkins Lymphoma cases of these B cell Lymphomas Diffuse large B cell Lymphoma was the Predominant type. Among the T cell Lymphomas Anaplastic large cell Lymphoma was the commonest subtype. Nodular Sclerosis Cases were seen most commonly in the Hodgkins Category. Extra nodal Lymphomas were also seen in 35.6% cases with Tonsil being the commonest site. Conclusion: Non Hodgkins Lymphoma was significantly more common in this region and diffuse large B cell Lymphoma was the predominant type. A combination of Histopathology and a Meticulous Immunohistochemistry helps in properly solving the diagnostic challenges.

The number of mitoses and, thus, the proliferative capacity of a tumor is one of the most crucial... more The number of mitoses and, thus, the proliferative capacity of a tumor is one of the most crucial variables for tumor grading. Molecular markers have been extensively investigated with a view to provide early and accurate information on long-term outcome and prediction of response to treatment of early breast cancer. One of the key features of the tumor progression is now widely estimated by the Immunohistochemical assessment of the nuclear antigen Ki-67. The Ki67 may be considered as an alternative to mitotic counts in grading schemes and as a single parameter. Immunohistochemistry using the anti-Ki-67 antibody [MIB-1] was performed on paraffin blocks of 112 invasive breast cancer. Ki-67 stainings were categorized as low, moderate and high proliferative grade. The results were correlated with Modified Bloom Richardson Histologic [BRG] Grade along with traditional prognostic variables like tumor size, axilliary node metastasis besides predictive markers, Estrogen Receptor, progesterone Receptor and Her2neu status. Ki-67 expression showed statistically significant correlation with tumour grade, nodal status, size of primary tumour, Estrogen Receptor [ER], Progesterone Receptor [PgR] profile and Her2/Neu Expression. Out of 112 invasive breast cancer cases, 53 were node negative , where 11.3% cases showed high and 58.5% moderate Ki67 proliferative grade. Ki-67 detection represents a valuable tool and is a good objective evidence for mitotic counts when used in a grading system. When it is used alone, Ki-67 detection provides significant information and increase the evidence of proliferative fraction for chemotherapy decision in early breast cancer. So besides usual ER, PR, Her2/Neu, Ki-67 can be studied together for appropriate management and better prognosis of patient.

Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology, May 15, 2021

Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) are repeatedly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and chance of exposure t... more Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) are repeatedly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and chance of exposure to it are invariably high than any other category of population. In this study, we investigated suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among eight HCWs involved in COVID-19 healthcare duty in Dibrugarh, Assam. Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 was done by Real Time RT-PCR or Rapid Antigen Detection Test at AMCH, Dibrugarh and ICMR-RMRC, Dibrugarh. Cases who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or RAT for the second time and with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 were included in this investigation as suspected cases of reinfection. SARS-CoV-2 IgG Ab titre and immune status ratio was estimated using a commercial SARS-CoV-2 Ig Ab detection ELISA kit. All eight cases were asymptomatic in first episode of infection with a C T value above 30 and were non-reactive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG Ab. The second episode was symptomatic and marginally severe in some cases with C T value less than 30 and with positive SARS-CoV-2 Ab titre. Most asymptomatic cases with C T value above 30 failed to elicit immune response during the first episode. This may suggest that SARS-CoV-2 in low amount might be harbored transiently as bystander in droplet particles before being expelled from the nasal cavity which can be detected by the highly sensitive Real Time RT-PCR test. They may be below the infectious dose that is necessary to cause a clinical or a sub-clinical infection and fails to illicit an immune response. It is therefore very important to critically analyze the suspected cases of reinfection to be labelled as true reinfections. In conclusion, not all resurgence of symptoms with positive SARS-CoV-2 result for the second time after recovery are true reinfections and may be labelled as retest positives rather than reinfections. Further, routine surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Ab testing for HCW is recommended to ascertain their immune status as they are the frontline workers of managing COVID-19 patients and are highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and have a much higher risk of re-infection than the general public.

Assam journal of internal medicine, 2022

Assam Journal of Internal Medicine

INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, Jun 1, 2022

International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR], 2018

Introduction: Ovarian cancer accounts for about 3% of all cancers in women and is one of the lead... more Introduction: Ovarian cancer accounts for about 3% of all cancers in women and is one of the leading causes of mortality among all cancers of female genital tract. Incidence rate was 10.2/100,000 females in India in 2013. Study aimed to record the histopathological spectrum of ovarian neoplasms over a period of 1 year in a tertiary care hospital.

Dowerah S, Borgohain M. Sebaceous carcinoma of eyelid-Understanding its unique cytomorphology and... more Dowerah S, Borgohain M. Sebaceous carcinoma of eyelid-Understanding its unique cytomorphology and role of aspiration cytology. IAIM, 2016; 3(1): 127-131. Abstract Introduction: Sebaceous carcinoma is a very rare malignant tumor primarily found in the area of the eyelid. We have reported here a case of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid with neck node metastasis diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology with emphasis on the unique cytomorphology of this tumor. Case history: A 35 year old woman presented with complaints of swelling in left upper eyelid, proptosis, loss of vision and cervical node enlargement. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) from the mass showed scattered and loose clusters of pleomorphic cells with increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio, prominent nucleoli, and abundant dense as well as vacuolated cytoplasm in a lipid backgound. A diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma with cervical metastasis was made and confirmed on histopathology. Conclusion: FNA is a simple, cost effective t...

Florid reactive hyperplasia (FRH) is encountered in a variety of clinical conditions. In AIDS rel... more Florid reactive hyperplasia (FRH) is encountered in a variety of clinical conditions. In AIDS related lymphadenopathy, it is accompanied by collection of monocytoid B-Cells in the sinuses, neutrophils and features of dermatopathic lymph-adenopathy. Our case is a 35 years old male patient with history of pain in the hypogastric region. Blood examination showed severe anemia, neutrophilic leucocytosis with relative lymphopenia. USG of abdomen revealed gross splenomegaly, mild hepatomegaly with fatty change and suspected secondaries in liver. On examination bilateral palpable lymph nodes were found in epitrochlear region with clinical suspicion of lymphoma. Histology showed the picture of FRH. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD Marker study confirmed polyclonal nature of the lymphoid cells. Bilateral palpable epitrochlear lymphadenopathy in a diverse clinical background had raised a suspicion of HIV infection. Patient was sent to Integrated Counselling and Testing Center (ICTC) and was ...

Basal cell carcinoma of the perianal region is an uncommon (0.27% of all diagnosed basal cell car... more Basal cell carcinoma of the perianal region is an uncommon (0.27% of all diagnosed basal cell carcinoma). It is rare and morphologically difficult to distinguish from Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma particularly on biopsies. This distinction has therapeutic and prognostic implications. We present a case of Basal cell carcinoma in a 50 year old lady which was confused with Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. But immunohistochemistry had positivity for bcl2 and negative staining for EMA confirmed the diagnosis.

Apocrine carcinoma of breast is a very rare morphologic entity with an incidence of less than 1% ... more Apocrine carcinoma of breast is a very rare morphologic entity with an incidence of less than 1% of female invasive breast carcinoma. Historically it was called as apocrine metaplasia or sweat gland carcinoma. Apocrine carcinoma cells are characterized by abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, large round nuclei and sharp cell borders. We have studied 128 cases of invasive carcinoma of breast for a period of 17 months from histomorphology and immunohistochemistry perspective in a tertiary care hospital where two cases were labeled as apocrine type carcinoma. Here, we report these two cases of invasive apocrine type of breast carcinoma in females and its co-relation with various prognostic and predictive parameters.One cases was of 51 years and the other case was 46 years and both were post menopausal women. After Modified radical mastectomy, specimens were histologically diagnosed as apocrine carcinoma and graded histologically with Modified Bloom Richardson Grade (BRG).Then the tumors we...

Introduction: Multiple Myeloma is a hematologic malignancy of plasma cells resulting in lytic bon... more Introduction: Multiple Myeloma is a hematologic malignancy of plasma cells resulting in lytic bone lesions, M-protein in serum and renal insufficiency. Multiple Myeloma accounts for 1% of all malignancies and 10-20% of all haematological malignancies. Patients of Multiple Myeloma mostly present with pain, tenderness and pathological fractures. Multiple Myeloma causing skeleton related events are not uncommon. Among them, spine is one of the most commonly involved. Myeloma lesions may extends through the cortex of a vertebral body resulting in spinal cord compression. Case report: Here we are reporting FIVE cases, who presented initially with spinal cord compression. The patients were subjected to MRI scan and biopsy of the collapsed vertebrae was taken. The histopathological and the hematological reports confirmed a diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma. Conclusion: Spinal cord compression is an uncommon complication of Multiple Myeloma. A diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma should be thought of in cases of spinal cord compression. Usually this complication is associated with far advanced malignancy and a poor prognosis.

Diffuse malignant mesothelioma is a rare malignant tumour arising in the pleura from mesothelial ... more Diffuse malignant mesothelioma is a rare malignant tumour arising in the pleura from mesothelial cells, and showing a diffuse pattern of growth over the pleural surfaces. It is classified into four major histological types according to WHO classification out of which biphasic accounts for 30% of cases. A 40 year old mason worker presented with dry cough, difficulty in respiration for 5 months and occasional fever. Resected specimen of pleural tissue was sent for histopathological examination. Histopathology was suggestive of biphasic mesothelioma which was further confirmed by Immunohistochemistry [positive for cytokeratin 5/6, pancytokeratin]. Studies suggest that some mesotheliomas, especially occurring in the younger age group might not be only related to asbestos but may be associated with other minerals like silica which seems to be the etiology of this case as there was a history of long occupational exposure.

Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2015

Fibrolipomatous hamartoma is an uncommon congenital disorder, which is characterized by dispropor... more Fibrolipomatous hamartoma is an uncommon congenital disorder, which is characterized by disproportionate hyperplasia of adipose tissue infiltrating along the perineurium, the epineurium and the affected nerve trajectory.1 The median nerve and its branches are most commonly affected, followed by the radial nerve, ulnar nerve, nerves at the dorsal aspect of the foot, brachial plexus and cranial nerves.1,2 Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a typical fibrolipomatous hamartoma with high signal intensity of fat on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, characteristic coaxial cable appearance on axial images, and spaghetti appearance on sagittal images in two of our cases. Fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH) of nerve is a rare tumor-like condition in which mature fat infiltrates the neural sheath, with the majority of the lesions occurring in the median nerve.3 We present two cases of Fibrolipomatous hamartoma of median nerve at the wrist with an unusual proximal extension to the forea...

This study was conducted on 50 diagnosed cases of Colorectal Carcinoma by Histopathology irrespec... more This study was conducted on 50 diagnosed cases of Colorectal Carcinoma by Histopathology irrespective of age and sex in Assam Medical College and Hospital during July 2012 to June 2013, by taking proper history, doing relevant investigations, Histopathological examination and Histochemistry using Periodic Acid Schiff’s (PAS) and Alcian Blue. Our study showed the peak incidence of colorectal carcinoma in the age group of 40-49 yrs and the patients were predominantly males. Of these 50 cases mucin content was seen in 35 cases and acidic mucin was the prevalent type. Out of these 35 cases the cases which showed presence of mucin content 50% or above were categorized as mucinous Adenocarcinoma which amounted to 10% of the cases studied. This study revealed that mucinous adenocarcinoma occurred in an early age group, mostly in the Rectum and had an aggressive behaviour. Hence, categorization of the mucinous adenocarcinoma is of utmost importance for proper management of these cases. Insp...

Introduction: Cervical cancer in India ranks as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women. Prolife... more Introduction: Cervical cancer in India ranks as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women. Proliferative and apoptotic indices have emerged as important diagnostic and prognostic tools. The study aimed to evaluate the role of Ki-67 expression and apoptotic index (AI) as a diagnostic tool in premalignant and malignant lesions of uterine cervix and to determine the potential of Ki-67 expression and apoptotic index in reliably distinguishing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) from invasive carcinoma cervix. Material and methods: Ki-67 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was done on 57 cervical biopsies, diagnosed histologically as CIN or cervical carcinoma. Ki-67 is expressed as Ki-67 labelling index (LI), which is calculated as the number of Ki-67 positive cells per 100 cervical epithelial cells. AI was measured in haematoxylin and eosin stained slides by calculating percentage of apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies from atleast 1000 tumor cells in each case at high magnification...

Paragangliomas (PGL) are generally slow growing tumors with unique tissues of origin, location, g... more Paragangliomas (PGL) are generally slow growing tumors with unique tissues of origin, location, genetics, potential for biochemical activity, and multi-centricity. Histopathologically, paragangliomas are similar to the adrenal gland neoplasm (phaeochromocytoma). It is usually benign and non-functional. It grows and expands slowly and rarely metastasizes. Since the paraganglionic cells contain very small amounts of catecholamines, clinically significant catecholamine release is rare. Carotid body tumour (CBT) is the most common form of paraganglioma of the head and neck region. A two and half year female child presented with right sided neck swelling gradually increasing in size in last 6 months and it was present since birth. Radiologically, diagnosis was inconclusive. Histologically, it was diagnosed as paraganglioma which is further supported by immunohistochemistry. Paraganglioma of carotid body though commonly found in adult but occasionally can be seen in young child. Morpholog...