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Papers by Monte Carlo

Frailty in the Elderly - Understanding and Managing Complexity

Geriatrics is an applied science as its practice is an art of medicine. As a scientific disciplin... more Geriatrics is an applied science as its practice is an art of medicine. As a scientific discipline, there exists a potential race for measurements. Frailty stands as among poorly defined concepts in geriatric medicine. There are philosophical, circumstantial, and practical justifications behind this rather seemingly clinical tragedy. This chapter contributes toward reliability and validity aspects of currently applied frailty scales and indicators across different population base. It acknowledges the contribution of Fried’s frailty scale. It also describes different frailty scales and indicators tested in America, Europe, and Asia. Lastly, the chapter contrasts the popular belief behind applications of Cronbach’s α coefficient of test scores for reliability assessment in clinical research. Other research gaps are also highlighted including merging clinical research findings in geriatrics with psychosocial aspects under the emerging field of geropsychology. It also proposes a solutio...

Our Company was incorporated on July 1, 2008 in Ludhiana, Punjab, India under the Companies Act, ... more Our Company was incorporated on July 1, 2008 in Ludhiana, Punjab, India under the Companies Act, 1956, as amended (the “Companies Act 1956”) as a public limited company under the name ‘Monte Carlo Fashions Limited ’ with the Registrar of Companies of Punjab, Chandigarh and Himachal Pradesh (the “RoC”). For further details, see “History and Certain Corporate Matters ” on

Pan African Medical Journal, 2021

Total abdominal hysterectomy is among the commonest gynaecologic surgeries observed in Africa. Ho... more Total abdominal hysterectomy is among the commonest gynaecologic surgeries observed in Africa. However, there exists a gap in published data to support this hypothesis. Information on hysterectomies reported from sub-Saharan Africa reflects mostly obstetric indications. A prospective hospital-based study was conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from March-October 2017. Women attending the facilities with clinical conditions necessitating abdominal hysterectomies were the target population. Each woman was followed from the time of planning for surgery until at most 72-hours post-surgery or discharge from the wards whichever came first. Continuous variables were summarized using median (with corresponding inter-quartile range). Categorical variables were summarized using frequency (%). Data outputs were created using SAS version 9.4. Verbal informal consent was sought from each individual prior to inclusion to this study. We recruited and prospectively followed-up 107 patients. Median age of participants was 42 (IQR: 37-47) years. Uterine leiomyoma (84.1%) was the leading indication for hysterectomy. Only about a third (30.8%) of followed-up women had provisional diagnoses at the time of surgery. None of the study participants reported receipt for confirmatory histological findings of her uterus up to the hospital discharge time post-surgery.

Genetic Epidemiology, 2001

Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) segregation analysis for asthma was performed on the who... more Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) segregation analysis for asthma was performed on the whole 1,544-member Hutterite pedigree. Heterogeneous and epistatic two-locus models and complex one-locus models were investigated, with trait loci postulated to be linked to markers in regions previously found to be possibly linked to asthma or atopy. The epistatic two-locus dominantdominant model provided the best estimates, among the models investigated, in terms of prediction of population prevalence and relative risk for sibs of the affecteds.

Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, 2017

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges in the reported statistics of di... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges in the reported statistics of diseases and deaths in the rapidly expanding elderly cohort of Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach A rapid appraisal of available gaps from known facts and figures targeting the old age cohort of Tanzania. Findings There appears to be no available mechanism(s) to generate reliable statistics on diseases and death patterns in the elderly population of Tanzania. The few available ones are largely hospital-based statistics as well as findings from a select sample of unrepresentative population. Practical implications The findings of morbidity and mortality statistics among the elderly cohort of Tanzania are likely to be confounded by other factors. There is palpable evidence that the elderly cohort in Tanzania is a rapidly growing segment of the population pyramid and therefore needs significant and sustainable resource allocation and utilisation. Social implications Socio-cultural and economic barriers influencing diseases and deaths among old-aged people largely remain unaccounted in Tanzania. Originality/value Scanty evidence of work that specifically targets morbidity and mortality patterns of people aged > 65 years in Tanzania.

Bayesian Analysis, 2011

This note provides two corrections to the pseudo-code of the algorithm for the Bayesian estimatio... more This note provides two corrections to the pseudo-code of the algorithm for the Bayesian estimation of the multinomial logit model using auxiliary variables as developed by Holmes and Held (2006). After incorporating the two corrections, the algorithm works correctly for the multinomial as well as the binary logit model.

Dar Es Salaam Medical Students' Journal, 2010

Annals of The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 2001

We develop methods for performing maximum a posteriori (MAP) sequence estimation in non-linear no... more We develop methods for performing maximum a posteriori (MAP) sequence estimation in non-linear non-Gaussian dynamic models. The methods rely on a particle cloud representation of the filtering distribution which evolves through time using importance sampling and resampling ideas. MAP sequence estimation is then performed using a classical dynamic programming technique applied to the discretised version of the state space. In

Economics Letters, 2007

This paper presents two alternative methods for modifying the HEGY-IPS test in the presence of cr... more This paper presents two alternative methods for modifying the HEGY-IPS test in the presence of cross-sectional dependency. In general, the bootstrap method (BHEGY-IPS) has greater power than the method suggested by Pesaran (2007) (CHEGY-IPS), although for large T and high degree of cross-sectional dependency the CHEGY-IPS test dominates the BHEGY-IPS test.