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Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, Oct 4, 2021
BACKGROUND The motivation to learn begins with a problem. The ideology of problem-based learning ... more BACKGROUND The motivation to learn begins with a problem. The ideology of problem-based learning (PBL) is to encourage the students to think beyond the books and apply the basic knowledge to various clinical scenarios. Problem based learning has been a concept in existence for decades, yet its implementation in medical education is limited. So the study on PBL was taken up to know analytical skills, comprehensive understanding of disease process and inculcate the practice of self-directed learning in physiology. METHODS This was an educational interventional study carried out on 60 first MBBS students chosen by simple random sampling. Students were further randomly divided into two groups containing 30 students in the control group and 30 students in the study group. Control group was taught by didactic lectures. 10 clinical scenarios were given to study group and discussions were conducted under the moderation of faculties. Objective evaluation was performed using pre-test and post-test examination for both groups. Subjective evaluation of attitude in study group towards PBL was recorded using self-developed questionnaire using Likert's scale. Data was analysed by using paired students t test. RESULTS The mean pre-PBL (9.83±4.88) and post-PBL scores (15.61 ± 2.99) in study group were significant (p < 0.00001). The comparison of mean scores of postdidactic lectures (12.88 ± 3.13) in control group and post-PBL (15.61 ± 2.99) in study group were significant (p < 0.001). Subjective evaluation using Likert's scale revealed increased interest in active learning, better confidence, communication, comprehension, and motivation amongst the PBL group. CONCLUSIONS From the results of this study, it can be concluded that problem-based learning is a good supplementary tool in teaching physiology, and it can be included in the regular medical teaching programmes so that the students have a better understanding of the various challenges in the field of medical education and research so that newer strategies for better health care provision can be planned.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2021
Background & objectives: Indian guideline approved the cataract surgery with fasting plasma gluco... more Background & objectives: Indian guideline approved the cataract surgery with fasting plasma glucose of <140 mg/dl and random plasma glucose of less than 180mg/dl but no data on the relationship of fasting plasma glucose with aqueous glucose level and HbA1c in cataract patients was available in India. Hence our study will try to explore the relationship of fasting plasma glucose with aqueous glucose level and HbA1c in cataract patients. Methods: Thirty-six (Group A) & 40 (Group B) cataract patients with fasting plasma glucose in between 100-125mg/dl and 126-139mg/dl respectively were evaluated for aqueous glucose level and HbA1c. Forty age & sex matched normoglycemic senile cataract patients were taken as control. Results and Interpretation: There were significant positive correlations among fasting plasma glucose, aqueous humor glucose & HbA1c in controls but no significant correlations were found between fasting plasma glucose with aqueous humor glucose & HbA1c in fasting hyperglycemic cataract patients suggesting fasting plasma glucose did not reflect the aqueous humor glucose & HbA1c in those cases. Moreover significantly positive correlations were found between aqueous humor glucose with HbA1c in hyperglycemic cataracts suggesting HbA1c was the better predictor of aqueous humor glucose level in such cases. Conclusion: Glycemic control must be ensured by the monitoring the HbA1c along with plasma glucose value in hyperglycemic cataract patients before proceeding for cataract surgery to predict the significant changes in aqueous glucose value that might have adverse outcome on the surgery in the form of infection, delayed wound healing, macular edema etc which needs to be studied further.
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2015
Fibromyalgia, the abnormal pain perception by an individual has a complex etiopathogenesis with m... more Fibromyalgia, the abnormal pain perception by an individual has a complex etiopathogenesis with multifactorial involvement. The current study was conducted in 39 clinically diagnosed cases of fibromyalgia in NEIGRIHMS shilling from September 2013 to March 2014. Data from the cases when compared with 25 numbers of age matched control revealed a non - significance of growth hormone in fibromyalgia with p value >0.05. The study also showed a significant difference in TSH concentration among cases and control as indicated by a p value of <0.05.
– Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI or MI) is more commonly known as heart attack, a medical emerg... more – Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI or MI) is more commonly known as heart attack, a medical emergency and the leading cause of death for both men and women all over the world. Therefore this study was undertaken to access the role of Serum Uric Acid, C- Reactive protein (CRP) in AMI. The study population contained 66 subjects divided in two groups, 30 age and sex matched healthy controls and 36 patients with AMI (36-77 years). Serum Uric acid, CRP readings were taken on day 1, 3, 5 and at the time of discharge (8±1days) from the onset of symptoms, the results were found to be statistically significant on all the days as compared to control subjects. These patients had a very low HDL level and very high CRP & Uric acid levels when compared to control subjects. CRP & Uric acid shows a definite pattern presentation during AMI. Dyslipidemia, a conventional risk factor of AMI is also associated in this study. The current study is an attempt at better understanding the behavior and respon...
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2020
Background: Out of every five deaths in India three are due to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). ... more Background: Out of every five deaths in India three are due to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Two major modifiable risk factors for NCDs are overweight and socioeconomic inequality. This study assesses the burden of various NCDs risk factors and their relationship with socioeconomic inequality and overweight among the underprivileged population. Aim: To compare the different Non-Communicable Diseases risk factors with socioeconomic inequality and overweight. To evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic inequality and body weight with NCDs. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study incorporating 241 random sample of participants was assessed using WHO Stepwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analysis of 12 h of fasting venous blood samples were done. Data were analyzed using Stata version 16 and Graph Pad Prism 8, using two-sided significance tests at the 5% significance level. Results: The study finds a 10-fold higher risk of tobacco use (were significantly higher compared to normal BMI individuals. Conclusion: The study showed that the socioeconomic patterning of the population is significantly associated with NCD risk factors. Obesity was closely linked with several major NCD risk factors.
International journal of current research and review, 2016
Objectives: Many studies suggest that hypothyroidism should be suspected in patients who have ana... more Objectives: Many studies suggest that hypothyroidism should be suspected in patients who have anaemia with an unknown aetiology. Thus the study was conducted to find out the proportion of hypothyroidism in both anaemic and non-anaemic women of reproductive age group and to determine the association between anaemia and hypothyroidism, if any. Methods: A cross sectional study with case control design was carried out in 100 non-pregnant women of reproductive age group in a hospital in eastern India for a period of one year. The proportion of hypothyroidism in both the groups was estimated by measuring TSH. The association between anaemia and hypothyroidism were ascertained in both the groups by Pearson’s Chi-Square test. Data analysis was also done using logistic regression. Results: The mean haemoglobin was 12.85 gm/dl in the non-anaemic population and 10.57 gm/dl in the anaemic population. The mean TSH was 2.81μIU/ml in the non-anaemic population and 2.61μIU/ml in the anaemic populat...
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of aqueous extract of Zi... more The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of aqueous extract of Zingiber offcinale (Ginger) in albino rats. Albino rats of wistar variety weighing 140-165gms were used in the experiment. Male and female albino rats were evenly divided into different treatment groups. The aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale was investigated for its anti- ulcer activity against pylorus ligation, aspirin induced and ethanol induced gastric ulcers in rats treated with Zingiber officinale extract. A significant reduction (p<0.01) in ulcer index was seen in Zingiber officinale extract treated albino rats of all the three ulcer models mentioned before. The gastroprotective effect was further confirmed by histopathological examination of
The present study aims to investigate the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effect of Azadirachta i... more The present study aims to investigate the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effect of Azadirachta indica seed oil and Mehani (Poly Herbal Formulation) in alloxan induced diabetic wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 6 rats: Control (Normal) rats, diabetic induced rats received alloxan (150/ Kg in 3 doses), diabetic induced rats treated with Azadirachta indica seed oil (5ml/Kg orally for 21 days), Normal rats treated with Azadirachta indica seed oil, Diabetic induced rats treated with Mehani (2gm/60Kg orally for 21 days) and Normal rats treated with Mehani. The rats were monitored for plasma glucose, glucose metabolising enzymes hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase and Lipid profile. Alloxan induced diabetic rats shows a high blood glucose with altered lipid profile and altered level of glucose metabolising enzymes which was counteracted upon treatment with Azadirachta indica seed oil and Mehani which shows significant (p<0.01) reduction in blo...
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2021
BACKGROUND The motivation to learn begins with a problem. The ideology of problem-based learning ... more BACKGROUND The motivation to learn begins with a problem. The ideology of problem-based learning (PBL) is to encourage the students to think beyond the books and apply the basic knowledge to various clinical scenarios. Problem based learning has been a concept in existence for decades, yet its implementation in medical education is limited. So the study on PBL was taken up to know analytical skills, comprehensive understanding of disease process and inculcate the practice of self-directed learning in physiology. METHODS This was an educational interventional study carried out on 60 first MBBS students chosen by simple random sampling. Students were further randomly divided into two groups containing 30 students in the control group and 30 students in the study group. Control group was taught by didactic lectures. 10 clinical scenarios were given to study group and discussions were conducted under the moderation of faculties. Objective evaluation was performed using pre-test and post...
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2013
Cancer is the second leading cause of death behind heart disease. Increased lipid peroxidation is... more Cancer is the second leading cause of death behind heart disease. Increased lipid peroxidation is due to the altered ratio between free radicals and antioxidant status. This study is carried out in a group of 25 cancerous patients and 25 control subjects to analyze and evaluate the relationship between antioxidant vitamin C & E supplementation and its effect on the lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation marker is estimated colorimetrically by Thiobarbituric acids reactive Substances (TBARS) and uric acid is estimated by Uricase method. Statistical analysis is done by Student‗t' test. MDA values in both the control & study groups decreased significantly after 7 days of vitamin supplementation. However no significant change in the uric acid concentration is noted in the control and cancer subjects. The study suggests that MDA value reduced in cancer patients within one week of antioxidant vitamin supplementation but for reduction of uric acid levels longer period of vitamin supplementation is required in both the population. Keywords: Malondialdehyde (MDA), TBARS, Uric acid.
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2012
Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 2012
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2013
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading cause of chronic kidney failure. Local vascular inflam... more Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading cause of chronic kidney failure. Local vascular inflammation is increased in diabetes mellitus (DM), which results in higher burden of microvascular and macrovascular complications. The present study was carried out to assess the importance of inflammatory status in nephropathy patients with Type-II DM. Eighty diagnosed cases of type II DM who had end stage renal disease (Nephropathy Stage-5) were selected for the study, they were further divided equally into 2 sub-categories; Group I (patients who were undergoing haemodialysis) and Group II (patients who were not undergoing haemodialysis). The control group comprised of 40 individuals who were age and sex matched healthy individuals. Inflammatory status was assessed by estimating serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum albumin. A significant increase in serum CRP and a significant decrease in serum albumin were seen in test group- I and test group-2 as compared to controls. There was a po...
Clinical Significance of C-reactive Protein
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, Oct 4, 2021
BACKGROUND The motivation to learn begins with a problem. The ideology of problem-based learning ... more BACKGROUND The motivation to learn begins with a problem. The ideology of problem-based learning (PBL) is to encourage the students to think beyond the books and apply the basic knowledge to various clinical scenarios. Problem based learning has been a concept in existence for decades, yet its implementation in medical education is limited. So the study on PBL was taken up to know analytical skills, comprehensive understanding of disease process and inculcate the practice of self-directed learning in physiology. METHODS This was an educational interventional study carried out on 60 first MBBS students chosen by simple random sampling. Students were further randomly divided into two groups containing 30 students in the control group and 30 students in the study group. Control group was taught by didactic lectures. 10 clinical scenarios were given to study group and discussions were conducted under the moderation of faculties. Objective evaluation was performed using pre-test and post-test examination for both groups. Subjective evaluation of attitude in study group towards PBL was recorded using self-developed questionnaire using Likert's scale. Data was analysed by using paired students t test. RESULTS The mean pre-PBL (9.83±4.88) and post-PBL scores (15.61 ± 2.99) in study group were significant (p < 0.00001). The comparison of mean scores of postdidactic lectures (12.88 ± 3.13) in control group and post-PBL (15.61 ± 2.99) in study group were significant (p < 0.001). Subjective evaluation using Likert's scale revealed increased interest in active learning, better confidence, communication, comprehension, and motivation amongst the PBL group. CONCLUSIONS From the results of this study, it can be concluded that problem-based learning is a good supplementary tool in teaching physiology, and it can be included in the regular medical teaching programmes so that the students have a better understanding of the various challenges in the field of medical education and research so that newer strategies for better health care provision can be planned.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2021
Background & objectives: Indian guideline approved the cataract surgery with fasting plasma gluco... more Background & objectives: Indian guideline approved the cataract surgery with fasting plasma glucose of <140 mg/dl and random plasma glucose of less than 180mg/dl but no data on the relationship of fasting plasma glucose with aqueous glucose level and HbA1c in cataract patients was available in India. Hence our study will try to explore the relationship of fasting plasma glucose with aqueous glucose level and HbA1c in cataract patients. Methods: Thirty-six (Group A) & 40 (Group B) cataract patients with fasting plasma glucose in between 100-125mg/dl and 126-139mg/dl respectively were evaluated for aqueous glucose level and HbA1c. Forty age & sex matched normoglycemic senile cataract patients were taken as control. Results and Interpretation: There were significant positive correlations among fasting plasma glucose, aqueous humor glucose & HbA1c in controls but no significant correlations were found between fasting plasma glucose with aqueous humor glucose & HbA1c in fasting hyperglycemic cataract patients suggesting fasting plasma glucose did not reflect the aqueous humor glucose & HbA1c in those cases. Moreover significantly positive correlations were found between aqueous humor glucose with HbA1c in hyperglycemic cataracts suggesting HbA1c was the better predictor of aqueous humor glucose level in such cases. Conclusion: Glycemic control must be ensured by the monitoring the HbA1c along with plasma glucose value in hyperglycemic cataract patients before proceeding for cataract surgery to predict the significant changes in aqueous glucose value that might have adverse outcome on the surgery in the form of infection, delayed wound healing, macular edema etc which needs to be studied further.
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2015
Fibromyalgia, the abnormal pain perception by an individual has a complex etiopathogenesis with m... more Fibromyalgia, the abnormal pain perception by an individual has a complex etiopathogenesis with multifactorial involvement. The current study was conducted in 39 clinically diagnosed cases of fibromyalgia in NEIGRIHMS shilling from September 2013 to March 2014. Data from the cases when compared with 25 numbers of age matched control revealed a non - significance of growth hormone in fibromyalgia with p value >0.05. The study also showed a significant difference in TSH concentration among cases and control as indicated by a p value of <0.05.
– Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI or MI) is more commonly known as heart attack, a medical emerg... more – Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI or MI) is more commonly known as heart attack, a medical emergency and the leading cause of death for both men and women all over the world. Therefore this study was undertaken to access the role of Serum Uric Acid, C- Reactive protein (CRP) in AMI. The study population contained 66 subjects divided in two groups, 30 age and sex matched healthy controls and 36 patients with AMI (36-77 years). Serum Uric acid, CRP readings were taken on day 1, 3, 5 and at the time of discharge (8±1days) from the onset of symptoms, the results were found to be statistically significant on all the days as compared to control subjects. These patients had a very low HDL level and very high CRP & Uric acid levels when compared to control subjects. CRP & Uric acid shows a definite pattern presentation during AMI. Dyslipidemia, a conventional risk factor of AMI is also associated in this study. The current study is an attempt at better understanding the behavior and respon...
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2020
Background: Out of every five deaths in India three are due to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). ... more Background: Out of every five deaths in India three are due to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Two major modifiable risk factors for NCDs are overweight and socioeconomic inequality. This study assesses the burden of various NCDs risk factors and their relationship with socioeconomic inequality and overweight among the underprivileged population. Aim: To compare the different Non-Communicable Diseases risk factors with socioeconomic inequality and overweight. To evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic inequality and body weight with NCDs. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study incorporating 241 random sample of participants was assessed using WHO Stepwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analysis of 12 h of fasting venous blood samples were done. Data were analyzed using Stata version 16 and Graph Pad Prism 8, using two-sided significance tests at the 5% significance level. Results: The study finds a 10-fold higher risk of tobacco use (were significantly higher compared to normal BMI individuals. Conclusion: The study showed that the socioeconomic patterning of the population is significantly associated with NCD risk factors. Obesity was closely linked with several major NCD risk factors.
International journal of current research and review, 2016
Objectives: Many studies suggest that hypothyroidism should be suspected in patients who have ana... more Objectives: Many studies suggest that hypothyroidism should be suspected in patients who have anaemia with an unknown aetiology. Thus the study was conducted to find out the proportion of hypothyroidism in both anaemic and non-anaemic women of reproductive age group and to determine the association between anaemia and hypothyroidism, if any. Methods: A cross sectional study with case control design was carried out in 100 non-pregnant women of reproductive age group in a hospital in eastern India for a period of one year. The proportion of hypothyroidism in both the groups was estimated by measuring TSH. The association between anaemia and hypothyroidism were ascertained in both the groups by Pearson’s Chi-Square test. Data analysis was also done using logistic regression. Results: The mean haemoglobin was 12.85 gm/dl in the non-anaemic population and 10.57 gm/dl in the anaemic population. The mean TSH was 2.81μIU/ml in the non-anaemic population and 2.61μIU/ml in the anaemic populat...
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of aqueous extract of Zi... more The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of aqueous extract of Zingiber offcinale (Ginger) in albino rats. Albino rats of wistar variety weighing 140-165gms were used in the experiment. Male and female albino rats were evenly divided into different treatment groups. The aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale was investigated for its anti- ulcer activity against pylorus ligation, aspirin induced and ethanol induced gastric ulcers in rats treated with Zingiber officinale extract. A significant reduction (p<0.01) in ulcer index was seen in Zingiber officinale extract treated albino rats of all the three ulcer models mentioned before. The gastroprotective effect was further confirmed by histopathological examination of
The present study aims to investigate the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effect of Azadirachta i... more The present study aims to investigate the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effect of Azadirachta indica seed oil and Mehani (Poly Herbal Formulation) in alloxan induced diabetic wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 6 rats: Control (Normal) rats, diabetic induced rats received alloxan (150/ Kg in 3 doses), diabetic induced rats treated with Azadirachta indica seed oil (5ml/Kg orally for 21 days), Normal rats treated with Azadirachta indica seed oil, Diabetic induced rats treated with Mehani (2gm/60Kg orally for 21 days) and Normal rats treated with Mehani. The rats were monitored for plasma glucose, glucose metabolising enzymes hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase and Lipid profile. Alloxan induced diabetic rats shows a high blood glucose with altered lipid profile and altered level of glucose metabolising enzymes which was counteracted upon treatment with Azadirachta indica seed oil and Mehani which shows significant (p<0.01) reduction in blo...
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2021
BACKGROUND The motivation to learn begins with a problem. The ideology of problem-based learning ... more BACKGROUND The motivation to learn begins with a problem. The ideology of problem-based learning (PBL) is to encourage the students to think beyond the books and apply the basic knowledge to various clinical scenarios. Problem based learning has been a concept in existence for decades, yet its implementation in medical education is limited. So the study on PBL was taken up to know analytical skills, comprehensive understanding of disease process and inculcate the practice of self-directed learning in physiology. METHODS This was an educational interventional study carried out on 60 first MBBS students chosen by simple random sampling. Students were further randomly divided into two groups containing 30 students in the control group and 30 students in the study group. Control group was taught by didactic lectures. 10 clinical scenarios were given to study group and discussions were conducted under the moderation of faculties. Objective evaluation was performed using pre-test and post...
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2013
Cancer is the second leading cause of death behind heart disease. Increased lipid peroxidation is... more Cancer is the second leading cause of death behind heart disease. Increased lipid peroxidation is due to the altered ratio between free radicals and antioxidant status. This study is carried out in a group of 25 cancerous patients and 25 control subjects to analyze and evaluate the relationship between antioxidant vitamin C & E supplementation and its effect on the lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation marker is estimated colorimetrically by Thiobarbituric acids reactive Substances (TBARS) and uric acid is estimated by Uricase method. Statistical analysis is done by Student‗t' test. MDA values in both the control & study groups decreased significantly after 7 days of vitamin supplementation. However no significant change in the uric acid concentration is noted in the control and cancer subjects. The study suggests that MDA value reduced in cancer patients within one week of antioxidant vitamin supplementation but for reduction of uric acid levels longer period of vitamin supplementation is required in both the population. Keywords: Malondialdehyde (MDA), TBARS, Uric acid.
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2012
Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 2012
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2013
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading cause of chronic kidney failure. Local vascular inflam... more Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading cause of chronic kidney failure. Local vascular inflammation is increased in diabetes mellitus (DM), which results in higher burden of microvascular and macrovascular complications. The present study was carried out to assess the importance of inflammatory status in nephropathy patients with Type-II DM. Eighty diagnosed cases of type II DM who had end stage renal disease (Nephropathy Stage-5) were selected for the study, they were further divided equally into 2 sub-categories; Group I (patients who were undergoing haemodialysis) and Group II (patients who were not undergoing haemodialysis). The control group comprised of 40 individuals who were age and sex matched healthy individuals. Inflammatory status was assessed by estimating serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum albumin. A significant increase in serum CRP and a significant decrease in serum albumin were seen in test group- I and test group-2 as compared to controls. There was a po...
Clinical Significance of C-reactive Protein
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care