Muhammad Daniyal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhammad Daniyal

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED)is highly prevalent affecting almost 50% of men in the 40-... more Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED)is highly prevalent affecting almost 50% of men in the 40-70 year age range especially in those who have co-morbidities like diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension etc. Over recent years, the use of complementary and alternative medicines has become increasingly popular, and ED is one condition for which herbal supplements are heavily promoted and easily accessible. Traditional herbs have been a revolutionary breakthrough in the management of ED and have become known worldwide as ‘instant’ treatment. Major progress has been made in this field and at present a number of herbs are identified as a sexual stimulator. This knowledge has led to the discovery of several new therapeutic targets and multiple medical approaches for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). This research focuses on the combination of selected herb in the treatment of ED. Aim: To examine the effects of Verona X tablet therapy on ED using the five-item version of the Int...

Background: Linkus syrup has been used to maintain healthy respiratory system and soothes throat,... more Background: Linkus syrup has been used to maintain healthy respiratory system and soothes throat, exert potent anti-tussive, expectorant and decongestant actions. Different clinical trials on Linkus have been conducted in hospitals to assess the efficacy and safety among adult and children. Material and Methods: The size of the patients administered Linkus, in these studies are 80 in number. In some clinical trials conducted Linkus was naive as the drug evaluated where as in others Linkus as test herbal drug was compared with allopathic drugs. Physical Examination: stethoscope observation for wheezing (a whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe) or other abnormal sounds. Diagnostic Tests: exam of the mucus of nose or throat for bacterial infection. Results: In all children Linkus was given as a test and the (Mucaltin) control group, there was a significant improvement from the day before treatment to the day of treatment. However, the improvement was greater in the test (Linkus)...

Pyrexia occurs due to infection, malignancy and other diseases. Majority of the antipyretic drugs... more Pyrexia occurs due to infection, malignancy and other diseases. Majority of the antipyretic drugs are synthetic in nature which exerts side effects such as gastric ulcer, hepatic necrosis and renal damage. The antipyretic potential of the hydro-alcoholic extracts of Achillea millefolium, Taraxacum officinale, Salix alba and Trigonella foenum were investigated on the yeast-induced pyrexia in albino rats. Paracetamol was used as a positive control. Rectal temperature of albino rats was verified immediately before the administration of the extracts or vehicle or paracetamol and yet again at 1-hour gap for 6 hours using a digital thermometer. The animals having pyrexia were divided into four groups Group1: Paracetamol was given to positive control. Group 2: Distilled water was given to negative control. Group 3: (250mg/kg) extract of the plant was given to rats (treatment group 1). Group 4: (500mg/kg) extracts of the plant was given to albino rats (Treatment group 2). The extracts were ...

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is symptomatic compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the level of ... more Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is symptomatic compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the level of the wrist. This syndrome is the second highly frequent musculoskeletal disorder, followed by a back pain. To find out the prevalence of pregnancy-related carpal tunnel syndrome, data was collected from the DHQ and Allied hospitals of Faisalabad with the help of Boston carpal Tunnel questionnaire modified according to studies. Total 300 patients were assessed by taking the history of sign and symptoms and provocative physical tests. Among them 103 patients showed all the symptoms and tests positive, these diagnosed patients were then asked to fill out a questionnaire to check the severity of their symptoms and functional limitations. Data was collected and analyzed by SPSS-23. Results have shown that the prevalence of PRCTS is 34.3%. Multigravida women 72.8 % shows more occurrence than that of primigravid which is 27.2 %. On the numeric pain rating scale, most patients reported severe pai...

British Journal of Surgery, 2021

Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numb... more Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18–49, 50–69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst ...

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020

Inflammation is a defensive reaction of the human body to numerous detrimental stimuli, including... more Inflammation is a defensive reaction of the human body to numerous detrimental stimuli, including physical trauma, noxious chemicals, as well as microbial agents. Uncontrolled inflammation is the pathological basis of multiple diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), neurodegenerative diseases, liver disease, and lung inflammation. Lanostane triterpenoids are natural tetracyclic triterpenoids with significant anti-inflammatory activity. An extensive review of the published literature regarding the phytochemistry and anti-inflammatory pharmacology of lanostane triterpenoids has been performed and analyzed using several search engines, such as SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. This review is devoted to naturally occurring lanostane-type triterpenes with anti-inflammatory activity, including their sources, biosynthesis, and mechanism of action. This review also discusses the inflammation-related diseases and the clinical significance of traditional Chinese medicine as multi-target therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. In the past 30 years, more than 100 new lanostane-type triterpenes have been reported from the families Schisandraceae, Ganodermataceae, and Polyporaceae. Six compounds, fomitopinic acid A, fomitosides E and F, obtusifoliol, 4α, l4α-dimethyl-5α-ergosta-7,9(11), 24(28)-trien-3 β-ol, and gramisterol exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory activity against cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2, with IC50values ranging from 0.087 to 1.15 μM. Some of these compounds exhibited significant activity by mediating the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and COX-2 expression. This review provides a basis for identifying anti-inflammatory drugs with high selectivity, high potency, and few adverse effects from lanostane-type triterpenes.

Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2020

Abstract Emulsions are biphasic delivery systems used in cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industr... more Abstract Emulsions are biphasic delivery systems used in cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of the study was to formulate a stable water in oil (w/o) emulsion containing 4% (w/w) extract of Beta vulgaris leaves. Ethanol (80 %) was used for maceration of the leaves. Antioxidant activity of Beta vulgaris leaves’ extract was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The emulsion was prepared by using cetyl dimethicone copolyol, liquid paraffin and bees wax. The test and placebo emulsions were prepared by the same procedure using leaves’ extract and ethanol 80 %, respectively. In In-vitro evaluation, stability tests (color, liquefaction, phase separation, pH and microscopy) were carried out for both placebo and test formulations at different storage conditions, 8 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C and 40 °C + 75 % RH for a period of 72 days. Sun protection factors of both the formulations were determined at different concentrations by spectrophotometry. Phytochemical analysis of Beta vulgaris extract was also recorded. The pH and microscopy data of both the formulations were statistically evaluated by two way ANOVA (LSD test) at 5% level of significance and paired sample t-test. The test formulation proved to be stable in all aspects with an antioxidant activity of 89.7 %. It was concluded that Beta vulgaris has antioxidant and sun protection properties and a stable emulsion containing 4% Beta vulgaris leaves’ extract can be used as topical anti-aging formulation.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018

Old methods of training and medical education are coming at halt considering chances of errors, n... more Old methods of training and medical education are coming at halt considering chances of errors, neglect and communication gaps amongst medical teams associated with the traditional methods, leading to avoidable patient mortality. Simulation based learning is slowly replacing the old methods given its provision of safe environment to medical professionals to polish their skills and knowledge without the risk of any loss of patient lives. This article discusses the experience of simulation based learning as it is tried to being introduced at one of the hospitals of Pakistan, a resource limited nation and the challenges that has to be faced in trying to incorporate simulation in the education system in near future

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018

Phosphine poisoning is an uncommon but hazardous public health issue. It is widely used chemical ... more Phosphine poisoning is an uncommon but hazardous public health issue. It is widely used chemical compound as insecticides domestically and exposure to this chemical is mostly accidental especially in children, which may lead to fatal symptoms if not managed immediately. Previous studies have explored the mechanism of its deleterious effect. However, literature on presentation of phosphine poisoning is sparse. Medical records, from January 2005 to September 2013, with patients presenting to ED of Aga Khan University Hospital were reviewed after successfully taking ERC approval from the hospital. Patients with confirm phosphine poisoning were identified and further details were noted from their medical records. We identified seven cases of phosphine poisoning during the study period. Majority patients presented with generalized weakness, diarrhea, vomiting and drowsiness after exposure to phosphine containing insecticides, mostly exposed within past two days of symptoms and presentati...

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019

Objective: To evaluate the clinical decision unit of a tertiary care health facility and to see t... more Objective: To evaluate the clinical decision unit of a tertiary care health facility and to see the disease pattern.

Metabolic Brain Disease, 2019

Epilepsy is a severe neural disorder that affects approximately fifty million individuals globall... more Epilepsy is a severe neural disorder that affects approximately fifty million individuals globally. Despite the fact that for most of the people with epilepsy, convulsions are better controlled by current accessible antiepileptic medicines, yet there are more than 30% of individuals affected with medically intractable epilepsy and around 30-40% of all patients with epilepsy affected by many adverse reactions and convulsion resistance to the present antiepileptic drugs. Consequently, various scientists attempt to develop new strategies to treat epilepsy, for instance, to find out novel antiepileptic ingredients from traditional medicines. This work aims to present a complete summary of natural medicines prescribed as antiepileptic agents all over the world by ethnic groups and different tribes. We undertook an extensive bibliographic analysis by searching peer reviewed papers and classical textbooks and further consulting well accepted worldwide scientific databases. We carried out PubMed, EMbase and CENTRAL searches by means of terms such as Bantiepileptic^and Banti-convulsant^activity of plants. Medicinal plants have been prescribed to treat epilepsy and have been recognized as antiepileptic medicines. In this review, a variety of herbs have been reviewed for thorough studies such as Cuminum cyminum, Butea monosperma, Solanum americanum, Anacyclus pyrethrum, Leonotis leonurus, Elaeocarpus ganitrus and Angelica archangelica. This paper shows that it was high time experimental studies are increased to obtain novel potential active principles from medicinal plants. Plant extracts and their chemical constituents should be further evaluated to clarify their mechanisms of action. This paper provides a solid base upon which to further investigate the clinical efficacy of medicinal plants that are both currently prescribed by physicians as traditional antiepileptic agents, but also could be effective as an antiepileptic drug with further research and study.

Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 2018

Repeated measurement designs (RMDs) are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, animal sciences an... more Repeated measurement designs (RMDs) are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, animal sciences and psychology. In these fields, there are several situations where these designs should be used in periods of different sizes. With the use of RMD, residual effects or carry over effects may arise and balanced RMDs are solution to this problem. In this article, therefore, some infinite series are developed through method of cyclic shifts to obtain circular balanced repeated measurements designs in periods of two different sizes.

RSC Advances, 2019

The tumor variability and low efficiency associated with conventional chemical drugs provide an i... more The tumor variability and low efficiency associated with conventional chemical drugs provide an impetus to develop drug-carrying systems with targeted accumulation and controllable release behavior.

Biomaterials, 2019

RBC membrane camouflaged prussian blue nanoparticles for gamabutolin loading and combined chemo/p... more RBC membrane camouflaged prussian blue nanoparticles for gamabutolin loading and combined chemo/photothermal therapy of breast cancer, Biomaterials (2019), doi:

Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2019

Redox homeostasis is important for the maintenance of cell survival. Under physiological conditio... more Redox homeostasis is important for the maintenance of cell survival. Under physiological conditions, redox system works in a balance and involves activation of many signaling molecules. Regulation of redox balance via signaling molecules is achieved by different pathways and proteasomal system is a key pathway in this process. Importance of proteasomal system on signaling pathways has been investigated for many years. In this direction, many proteasome targeting molecules have been developed. Some of them are already in the clinic for cancer treatment and some are still under investigation to highlight underlying mechanisms. Although there are many studies done, molecular mechanisms of proteasome inhibitors and related signaling pathways need more detailed explanations. This review aims to discuss redox status and proteasomal system related signaling pathways. In addition, cancer therapies targeting proteasomal system and their effects on redox-related pathways have been summarized.

Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2019

Science Bulletin, 2018

Photothermal ablation therapy for cancer based on metal nanostructures Science in China Series B-... more Photothermal ablation therapy for cancer based on metal nanostructures Science in China Series B-Chemistry 52, 1559 (2009); Temperature-feedback upconversion nanocomposite creates a new strategy for photothermal therapy Science Bulletin 62, 229 (2017); Functionalization of small black phosphorus nanoparticles for targeted imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer Science Bulletin 63, 917 (2018); Synthesis of different-sized gold nanostars for Raman bioimaging and photothermal therapy in cancer nanotheranostics

The International journal of neuroscience, Jan 8, 2018

Parkinson's disease is the second common progressive neurodegenerative disease, distressing o... more Parkinson's disease is the second common progressive neurodegenerative disease, distressing older men and is prevalent Worldwide. This paper is aimed to review the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and management of Parkinson disease. A google search was performed to recognize studies that review the characteristics of Parkinson disease. Search terms included " Parkinson's disease", " epidemiology", " etiology", " pathogenesis", " clinical manifestations", " diagnosis" and " management of Parkinson disease". Parkinson's disease is linked to factors such as environmental chemicals, aging, family history and pesticide exposure such as the use of synthetic heroin. Parkinson's disease is characterized clinically by tremors at rest, postural instability, expressionless countenance, lead pipe rigidity and less commonly cognitive impairment. After 60 years of age, Par...

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018

Plasmodium falciparum is the most well-known reason for extreme and life-debilitating malaria. Fa... more Plasmodium falciparum is the most well-known reason for extreme and life-debilitating malaria. Falciparum malaria causes more than 1 million deaths annually. Malaria remains a noteworthy reason for major morbidity and mortality in the tropics, with Plasmodium falciparum accountable for the mainstream of the disease weight and Plasmodium vivax being the geologically greatest broadly dispersed cause of malaria. The controlling of severe malaria comprises quick direction of suitable parenteral anti-malarial agents and initial acknowledgement and treatment of the complications. This clinical trial was piloted in 100 patients, in which 50 received the test drug (Malarina) and 50 received the control drug (Quinine Bisulphate). The age range of patients was 12 years to above 50 years. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. Malarina was very effective in treating malaria sign and symptoms. The new treatment Malarina was safe and well tolerated in all patients.

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018

Drug-drug interactions are most commonly occurring phenomenon in clinical practice. Many physicia... more Drug-drug interactions are most commonly occurring phenomenon in clinical practice. Many physicians are afraid of being involved in an allegation of malpractices due to the occurrence of any severe interaction. These interactions not only occur between drugs but also between any kind of food, tobacco smoke, caffeine and alcohol etc. Therefore, the present study was directed to inspect the effect of caffeine on the anticoagulation activity of warfarin in healthy adult male albino rabbits. Blank blood samples were collected from each rabbit. Rabbits were given warfarin (0.5mg kg-1) orally via stomach tube and blood samples were collected in PT/INR vials at various intervals. After a washout period of 14 days, warfarin was orally administrated at same dose rate along with caffeine (5 mg kg-1 every twelve hours for three days) and same sampling schedule was repeated. Prothrombin time (PT) and the international normalized ratio (INR) of blood samples were determined to estimate changes i...

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED)is highly prevalent affecting almost 50% of men in the 40-... more Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED)is highly prevalent affecting almost 50% of men in the 40-70 year age range especially in those who have co-morbidities like diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension etc. Over recent years, the use of complementary and alternative medicines has become increasingly popular, and ED is one condition for which herbal supplements are heavily promoted and easily accessible. Traditional herbs have been a revolutionary breakthrough in the management of ED and have become known worldwide as ‘instant’ treatment. Major progress has been made in this field and at present a number of herbs are identified as a sexual stimulator. This knowledge has led to the discovery of several new therapeutic targets and multiple medical approaches for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). This research focuses on the combination of selected herb in the treatment of ED. Aim: To examine the effects of Verona X tablet therapy on ED using the five-item version of the Int...

Background: Linkus syrup has been used to maintain healthy respiratory system and soothes throat,... more Background: Linkus syrup has been used to maintain healthy respiratory system and soothes throat, exert potent anti-tussive, expectorant and decongestant actions. Different clinical trials on Linkus have been conducted in hospitals to assess the efficacy and safety among adult and children. Material and Methods: The size of the patients administered Linkus, in these studies are 80 in number. In some clinical trials conducted Linkus was naive as the drug evaluated where as in others Linkus as test herbal drug was compared with allopathic drugs. Physical Examination: stethoscope observation for wheezing (a whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe) or other abnormal sounds. Diagnostic Tests: exam of the mucus of nose or throat for bacterial infection. Results: In all children Linkus was given as a test and the (Mucaltin) control group, there was a significant improvement from the day before treatment to the day of treatment. However, the improvement was greater in the test (Linkus)...

Pyrexia occurs due to infection, malignancy and other diseases. Majority of the antipyretic drugs... more Pyrexia occurs due to infection, malignancy and other diseases. Majority of the antipyretic drugs are synthetic in nature which exerts side effects such as gastric ulcer, hepatic necrosis and renal damage. The antipyretic potential of the hydro-alcoholic extracts of Achillea millefolium, Taraxacum officinale, Salix alba and Trigonella foenum were investigated on the yeast-induced pyrexia in albino rats. Paracetamol was used as a positive control. Rectal temperature of albino rats was verified immediately before the administration of the extracts or vehicle or paracetamol and yet again at 1-hour gap for 6 hours using a digital thermometer. The animals having pyrexia were divided into four groups Group1: Paracetamol was given to positive control. Group 2: Distilled water was given to negative control. Group 3: (250mg/kg) extract of the plant was given to rats (treatment group 1). Group 4: (500mg/kg) extracts of the plant was given to albino rats (Treatment group 2). The extracts were ...

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is symptomatic compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the level of ... more Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is symptomatic compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the level of the wrist. This syndrome is the second highly frequent musculoskeletal disorder, followed by a back pain. To find out the prevalence of pregnancy-related carpal tunnel syndrome, data was collected from the DHQ and Allied hospitals of Faisalabad with the help of Boston carpal Tunnel questionnaire modified according to studies. Total 300 patients were assessed by taking the history of sign and symptoms and provocative physical tests. Among them 103 patients showed all the symptoms and tests positive, these diagnosed patients were then asked to fill out a questionnaire to check the severity of their symptoms and functional limitations. Data was collected and analyzed by SPSS-23. Results have shown that the prevalence of PRCTS is 34.3%. Multigravida women 72.8 % shows more occurrence than that of primigravid which is 27.2 %. On the numeric pain rating scale, most patients reported severe pai...

British Journal of Surgery, 2021

Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numb... more Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18–49, 50–69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst ...

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020

Inflammation is a defensive reaction of the human body to numerous detrimental stimuli, including... more Inflammation is a defensive reaction of the human body to numerous detrimental stimuli, including physical trauma, noxious chemicals, as well as microbial agents. Uncontrolled inflammation is the pathological basis of multiple diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), neurodegenerative diseases, liver disease, and lung inflammation. Lanostane triterpenoids are natural tetracyclic triterpenoids with significant anti-inflammatory activity. An extensive review of the published literature regarding the phytochemistry and anti-inflammatory pharmacology of lanostane triterpenoids has been performed and analyzed using several search engines, such as SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. This review is devoted to naturally occurring lanostane-type triterpenes with anti-inflammatory activity, including their sources, biosynthesis, and mechanism of action. This review also discusses the inflammation-related diseases and the clinical significance of traditional Chinese medicine as multi-target therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. In the past 30 years, more than 100 new lanostane-type triterpenes have been reported from the families Schisandraceae, Ganodermataceae, and Polyporaceae. Six compounds, fomitopinic acid A, fomitosides E and F, obtusifoliol, 4α, l4α-dimethyl-5α-ergosta-7,9(11), 24(28)-trien-3 β-ol, and gramisterol exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory activity against cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2, with IC50values ranging from 0.087 to 1.15 μM. Some of these compounds exhibited significant activity by mediating the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and COX-2 expression. This review provides a basis for identifying anti-inflammatory drugs with high selectivity, high potency, and few adverse effects from lanostane-type triterpenes.

Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2020

Abstract Emulsions are biphasic delivery systems used in cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industr... more Abstract Emulsions are biphasic delivery systems used in cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of the study was to formulate a stable water in oil (w/o) emulsion containing 4% (w/w) extract of Beta vulgaris leaves. Ethanol (80 %) was used for maceration of the leaves. Antioxidant activity of Beta vulgaris leaves’ extract was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The emulsion was prepared by using cetyl dimethicone copolyol, liquid paraffin and bees wax. The test and placebo emulsions were prepared by the same procedure using leaves’ extract and ethanol 80 %, respectively. In In-vitro evaluation, stability tests (color, liquefaction, phase separation, pH and microscopy) were carried out for both placebo and test formulations at different storage conditions, 8 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C and 40 °C + 75 % RH for a period of 72 days. Sun protection factors of both the formulations were determined at different concentrations by spectrophotometry. Phytochemical analysis of Beta vulgaris extract was also recorded. The pH and microscopy data of both the formulations were statistically evaluated by two way ANOVA (LSD test) at 5% level of significance and paired sample t-test. The test formulation proved to be stable in all aspects with an antioxidant activity of 89.7 %. It was concluded that Beta vulgaris has antioxidant and sun protection properties and a stable emulsion containing 4% Beta vulgaris leaves’ extract can be used as topical anti-aging formulation.

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018

Old methods of training and medical education are coming at halt considering chances of errors, n... more Old methods of training and medical education are coming at halt considering chances of errors, neglect and communication gaps amongst medical teams associated with the traditional methods, leading to avoidable patient mortality. Simulation based learning is slowly replacing the old methods given its provision of safe environment to medical professionals to polish their skills and knowledge without the risk of any loss of patient lives. This article discusses the experience of simulation based learning as it is tried to being introduced at one of the hospitals of Pakistan, a resource limited nation and the challenges that has to be faced in trying to incorporate simulation in the education system in near future

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018

Phosphine poisoning is an uncommon but hazardous public health issue. It is widely used chemical ... more Phosphine poisoning is an uncommon but hazardous public health issue. It is widely used chemical compound as insecticides domestically and exposure to this chemical is mostly accidental especially in children, which may lead to fatal symptoms if not managed immediately. Previous studies have explored the mechanism of its deleterious effect. However, literature on presentation of phosphine poisoning is sparse. Medical records, from January 2005 to September 2013, with patients presenting to ED of Aga Khan University Hospital were reviewed after successfully taking ERC approval from the hospital. Patients with confirm phosphine poisoning were identified and further details were noted from their medical records. We identified seven cases of phosphine poisoning during the study period. Majority patients presented with generalized weakness, diarrhea, vomiting and drowsiness after exposure to phosphine containing insecticides, mostly exposed within past two days of symptoms and presentati...

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019

Objective: To evaluate the clinical decision unit of a tertiary care health facility and to see t... more Objective: To evaluate the clinical decision unit of a tertiary care health facility and to see the disease pattern.

Metabolic Brain Disease, 2019

Epilepsy is a severe neural disorder that affects approximately fifty million individuals globall... more Epilepsy is a severe neural disorder that affects approximately fifty million individuals globally. Despite the fact that for most of the people with epilepsy, convulsions are better controlled by current accessible antiepileptic medicines, yet there are more than 30% of individuals affected with medically intractable epilepsy and around 30-40% of all patients with epilepsy affected by many adverse reactions and convulsion resistance to the present antiepileptic drugs. Consequently, various scientists attempt to develop new strategies to treat epilepsy, for instance, to find out novel antiepileptic ingredients from traditional medicines. This work aims to present a complete summary of natural medicines prescribed as antiepileptic agents all over the world by ethnic groups and different tribes. We undertook an extensive bibliographic analysis by searching peer reviewed papers and classical textbooks and further consulting well accepted worldwide scientific databases. We carried out PubMed, EMbase and CENTRAL searches by means of terms such as Bantiepileptic^and Banti-convulsant^activity of plants. Medicinal plants have been prescribed to treat epilepsy and have been recognized as antiepileptic medicines. In this review, a variety of herbs have been reviewed for thorough studies such as Cuminum cyminum, Butea monosperma, Solanum americanum, Anacyclus pyrethrum, Leonotis leonurus, Elaeocarpus ganitrus and Angelica archangelica. This paper shows that it was high time experimental studies are increased to obtain novel potential active principles from medicinal plants. Plant extracts and their chemical constituents should be further evaluated to clarify their mechanisms of action. This paper provides a solid base upon which to further investigate the clinical efficacy of medicinal plants that are both currently prescribed by physicians as traditional antiepileptic agents, but also could be effective as an antiepileptic drug with further research and study.

Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 2018

Repeated measurement designs (RMDs) are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, animal sciences an... more Repeated measurement designs (RMDs) are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, animal sciences and psychology. In these fields, there are several situations where these designs should be used in periods of different sizes. With the use of RMD, residual effects or carry over effects may arise and balanced RMDs are solution to this problem. In this article, therefore, some infinite series are developed through method of cyclic shifts to obtain circular balanced repeated measurements designs in periods of two different sizes.

RSC Advances, 2019

The tumor variability and low efficiency associated with conventional chemical drugs provide an i... more The tumor variability and low efficiency associated with conventional chemical drugs provide an impetus to develop drug-carrying systems with targeted accumulation and controllable release behavior.

Biomaterials, 2019

RBC membrane camouflaged prussian blue nanoparticles for gamabutolin loading and combined chemo/p... more RBC membrane camouflaged prussian blue nanoparticles for gamabutolin loading and combined chemo/photothermal therapy of breast cancer, Biomaterials (2019), doi:

Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2019

Redox homeostasis is important for the maintenance of cell survival. Under physiological conditio... more Redox homeostasis is important for the maintenance of cell survival. Under physiological conditions, redox system works in a balance and involves activation of many signaling molecules. Regulation of redox balance via signaling molecules is achieved by different pathways and proteasomal system is a key pathway in this process. Importance of proteasomal system on signaling pathways has been investigated for many years. In this direction, many proteasome targeting molecules have been developed. Some of them are already in the clinic for cancer treatment and some are still under investigation to highlight underlying mechanisms. Although there are many studies done, molecular mechanisms of proteasome inhibitors and related signaling pathways need more detailed explanations. This review aims to discuss redox status and proteasomal system related signaling pathways. In addition, cancer therapies targeting proteasomal system and their effects on redox-related pathways have been summarized.

Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2019

Science Bulletin, 2018

Photothermal ablation therapy for cancer based on metal nanostructures Science in China Series B-... more Photothermal ablation therapy for cancer based on metal nanostructures Science in China Series B-Chemistry 52, 1559 (2009); Temperature-feedback upconversion nanocomposite creates a new strategy for photothermal therapy Science Bulletin 62, 229 (2017); Functionalization of small black phosphorus nanoparticles for targeted imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer Science Bulletin 63, 917 (2018); Synthesis of different-sized gold nanostars for Raman bioimaging and photothermal therapy in cancer nanotheranostics

The International journal of neuroscience, Jan 8, 2018

Parkinson's disease is the second common progressive neurodegenerative disease, distressing o... more Parkinson's disease is the second common progressive neurodegenerative disease, distressing older men and is prevalent Worldwide. This paper is aimed to review the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and management of Parkinson disease. A google search was performed to recognize studies that review the characteristics of Parkinson disease. Search terms included " Parkinson's disease", " epidemiology", " etiology", " pathogenesis", " clinical manifestations", " diagnosis" and " management of Parkinson disease". Parkinson's disease is linked to factors such as environmental chemicals, aging, family history and pesticide exposure such as the use of synthetic heroin. Parkinson's disease is characterized clinically by tremors at rest, postural instability, expressionless countenance, lead pipe rigidity and less commonly cognitive impairment. After 60 years of age, Par...

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018

Plasmodium falciparum is the most well-known reason for extreme and life-debilitating malaria. Fa... more Plasmodium falciparum is the most well-known reason for extreme and life-debilitating malaria. Falciparum malaria causes more than 1 million deaths annually. Malaria remains a noteworthy reason for major morbidity and mortality in the tropics, with Plasmodium falciparum accountable for the mainstream of the disease weight and Plasmodium vivax being the geologically greatest broadly dispersed cause of malaria. The controlling of severe malaria comprises quick direction of suitable parenteral anti-malarial agents and initial acknowledgement and treatment of the complications. This clinical trial was piloted in 100 patients, in which 50 received the test drug (Malarina) and 50 received the control drug (Quinine Bisulphate). The age range of patients was 12 years to above 50 years. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. Malarina was very effective in treating malaria sign and symptoms. The new treatment Malarina was safe and well tolerated in all patients.

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018

Drug-drug interactions are most commonly occurring phenomenon in clinical practice. Many physicia... more Drug-drug interactions are most commonly occurring phenomenon in clinical practice. Many physicians are afraid of being involved in an allegation of malpractices due to the occurrence of any severe interaction. These interactions not only occur between drugs but also between any kind of food, tobacco smoke, caffeine and alcohol etc. Therefore, the present study was directed to inspect the effect of caffeine on the anticoagulation activity of warfarin in healthy adult male albino rabbits. Blank blood samples were collected from each rabbit. Rabbits were given warfarin (0.5mg kg-1) orally via stomach tube and blood samples were collected in PT/INR vials at various intervals. After a washout period of 14 days, warfarin was orally administrated at same dose rate along with caffeine (5 mg kg-1 every twelve hours for three days) and same sampling schedule was repeated. Prothrombin time (PT) and the international normalized ratio (INR) of blood samples were determined to estimate changes i...