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Papers by Muhammad Faizal

Research paper thumbnail of Catalytic gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch by using Indonesian bentonite as the catalyst

Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 2021

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is one of the enormous waste expected to become a renewable en... more Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is one of the enormous waste expected to become a renewable energy source. This study aimed to convert OPEFB into syngas through a gasification process using bentonite as a catalyst. The effects of temperature and product gas catalysts were investigated, and the efficiency of the gasification process was summarized. The process has used an updraft gasifier at 350-550°C and air as the gasification medium (ER 0.2). The results indicate that syngas can be produced by updraft gasifier. When the temperature increase, the H2 and CO rising. The highest H2 and CO content of 27.74% and 20.43% are obtained at 550°C when bentonite applied. HHV and LHV range of 3.38~12.79 MJ/Nm3 and 3.03~11.58 MJ/Nm3 , respectively. The maximum carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) and cold gas efficiency (CGE) reach 85.49% and 82.34%. Bentonite has been able to increase the concentration of the gas composition especially H2 and CO and the heating value of syngas.

Research paper thumbnail of Syngas Derived from Catalytic Gasification of Fine Coal Waste Using Indonesian Potential Catalyst

Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 2021

Fine coal waste from the coal mining process has not been used as clean energy even though the am... more Fine coal waste from the coal mining process has not been used as clean energy even though the amount is very abundant in the world. The conversion of fine coal to syngas is a new way to increase the value of fine coal. Syngas composition, gas ratio, gasification efficiency, and heating value of syngas have been determined under various conditions of temperature (550-750 °C) and bentonite catalyst ratio (0-0.25). The results indicate that fine coal is the suitable raw material for the gasification process. At the highest temperature (750 °C), the gas composition consists of 42.6 vol% H2, 19.1vol% CO, 19.5 vol% CH4, and 7.9vol% CO2. The best performance was achieved when the catalyst/feed ratio is 0.25 with the gas composition of 54.3vol% H2, 26.2vol% CO, 23.8 vol% CH4, and 3.5vol% CO2, heating value and gasification efficiency were 19.72 MJ/Nm3 and 72.27% at 750 °C.

Research paper thumbnail of Purification of Synthetic Gas from Fine Coal Waste Gasification as a Clean Fuel

Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2021

The presence of CO2 in the syngas is attracting more attention in terms of reducing the greenhous... more The presence of CO2 in the syngas is attracting more attention in terms of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions in its utilisation. The aim of this study was to purify syngas from the CO2 content of fine coal gasification. Fine coal is gasified with and without absorption using CaO, which is hydrated to Ca(OH)2 in the modified updraft gasifier at 450–700 °C. Apart from investigating the CO2 absorption process, the gasification process also evaluates the influence of temperature in terms of its synergy with Ca(OH)2. The best conditions for the gasification process are achieved at 700 °C. The content of CO2 was proven to be well absorbed, which is characterised by a decrease in the CO2 content and an increase in H2 in syngas. After the absorption process, the H2 content obtained increased from 42.6 mole% to 48.8 mole% of H2 at 700°C. The H2 ratio also increased after absorption to 2.57 from the previous value of 2.23. The highest absorption efficiency of CO2 by Ca(OH)2 occurred at 70...

Research paper thumbnail of Pengolahan Limbah Logam Berat Kromium Hexavalen Menggunakan Reagen Fenton dan Adsorben Keramik Zeolit

Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan, 2018

Kromium diketahui sebagai salah satu polutan beracun yang menyebabkan masalah lingkungan dan kese... more Kromium diketahui sebagai salah satu polutan beracun yang menyebabkan masalah lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat. Kromium Heksavalen Cr(VI) merupakan logam berat, dimana dalam konsentrasi yang kecil dapat menghasilkan tingkat keracunan yang tinggi pada makhluk hidup. Jika senyawa kromium (VI) terbuang ke lingkungan dan masuk ke dalam tubuh makhluk hidup maka akan sangat berbahaya, sehingga penting untuk mengolah limbah tersebut. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada proses pengolahan Cr(VI) dengan metode kombinasi yaitu secara kimia dan secara fisika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah air limbah yang mengandung Cr(VI) menggunakan reagen Fenton yang dilanjutkan adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben berbahan dasar zeolit dan tanah liat yang dibentuk menjadi keramik. Air limbah yang mengandung Cr(VI) dikontakkan dalam reaktor berpengaduk sehingga terjadi reaksi reduksi oksidasi, selanjutnya air limbah ini dilewatkan ke dalam kolom adsorpsi yang berisi adsorben keramik zeolit. Kondisi terbaik d...

Research paper thumbnail of Valorization of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Waste for Syngas Production Through Gasification

Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2020

The rapid progress of the CPO industry in Indonesia is not in line with good waste management and... more The rapid progress of the CPO industry in Indonesia is not in line with good waste management and utilization. Palm empty fruit bunch, as the first waste from the CPO production process in Indonesia, is mostly piled on the ground. Palm empty fruit bunch must be processed to reduce pollution and increase its use-value. This study aimed to convert oil palm empty fruit bunches solid waste through the gasification process using Indonesia's natural zeolite into synthesis gas. Gasification takes place at 350-550°C by added 12.5% wt zeolite using a modified updraft gasifier. Good results were achieved at 550°C with a gas composition of 22.64% vol CH 4 , 29.22% vol CO, and 3.4% vol H 2. The gasification efficiency is evaluated through carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) and cold gas efficiency (CGE). Both the highest CCE and CGE were found at 550°C by 95.74% and 81.65% respectively. The results showed that the gasification temperature has the greatest influence in driving higher carbon conversion to syngas and palm empty fruit bunches are very suitable for conversion into environmentally friendly syngas in the CPO industry.

Research paper thumbnail of Production Methy Ester Sulfonate (MES) Based Rubber Seeds As One Of Chemical Injection Solutions In Enhanched Oil Recovery (EOR) Process

Science and Technology Indonesia, 2019

One a empt to increase the recovery of oil from a reservoir is by injecting the surfactant. Surfa... more One a empt to increase the recovery of oil from a reservoir is by injecting the surfactant. Surfactant is used for lowered tension interfaces (interfacial tension) between oil and water so able bring oil exit pores reservoir. It is a good opportunity for develop type surfactant based oil vegetable that is from oil seed rubber. As known from the chemical composition in oil seed rubber contain olein amounted to 39.45 % wt, which is almost approaching value olein from petrochemicals based by 40.7 %. For produce suitable surfactants with characteristics required by oil industry, then do formulation with combine MES surfactant produced with ingredients additives other as appropriate to produce a capable formula for give best performance to be applied on oil industry. From the test result, the MES from the rubber seed oil obtained has fulfilled the surfactant requirement with the value from soaking % crude oil recovery value is 0,815 %-3,91 % with the best value is 3,91 %, pH value is 7,2-8,2, density value is 1,006-1,065, the compability test result, both catalyst can be used because there is no di erence and show positive results that there is no precipitate and clear colored of MES surfactant and also for Interfacial Tension test result is 0.373-0.254 dyne/cm.

Research paper thumbnail of Color And COD Degradation of Procion Red Synthetic Dye by Using Fenton-TiO2 Method

Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, 2018

Nowadays, environmental pollution caused by industrial wastewater is quite apprehensive. Most of ... more Nowadays, environmental pollution caused by industrial wastewater is quite apprehensive. Most of textile industries used synthetic dyes. Procion red is one of the synthetic dyes that was often used in textile industries and classified as a reactive dye that is difficult to decompose in nature and contain harmful toxins. One of the colored wastewater treatment process is Fenton reagent and TiO 2 catalyst (Fenton-TiO 2) as one of the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). AOPs are based on the generation of very reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals (OH •) is effective for decolourization and biodegradation of pollutants. The objectives of this research are to treat of procion red synthetic dye by using Fenton-TiO 2 method and study the effect of procion red concentration, reaction time, and the concentrations of TiO 2 catalyst on color and COD degradation. In this experiment, the concentrations of procion red were varied between 150-300 ppm, the concentrations of TiO 2 catalyst were varied from 0.05 to 0.4% (w/v) and the reaction time of 5 to 20 minutes. The optimum condition was achieved by using procion red concentration of 150 ppm with TiO 2 catalyst concentration of 0.4%, and reaction time of 20 minutes, where the maximum color and COD degradation achieved of 98.67% and 92% respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Conversion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent on Biogas Production with Consortium Bacteria

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2019

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a liquid waste that has a high organic content and it can be fer... more Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a liquid waste that has a high organic content and it can be fermented using bacteria to produce biogas. POME is non-toxic but the high organic contents can disturb the ecosystems and cause the environmental pollution in the water body. POME contains microorganisms that have the potential to hydrolyze oils, celluloses, and protein. Potential bacteria for degradation of POME can be obtained by isolating the waste itself (indigenous bacteria). Indigenous bacteria that have been isolated from POME, namely: Stenotrophomonas rhizopila strain E-P10 (KP 1.2) and Bacillus toyonensis strain BCT-7112 (KAN 1) are used as consortium bacteria in the process of waste degradation. The research sequence consists of rejuvenation of bacteria, preparation of medium mineral, starter and bacterial inoculum. The research aims to degrade the substrates from POME using a consortium and indigenous bacteria to produce biogas. The substrate degradation process is carried out in a bioreactor with degradation time 0, 20, 21-22, 23-26, 27-30, 31-34 and 35-38 days. Bacterial population growth was calculated using a haemacytometer. The highest population of the consortium and indigenous bacteria were found at 7.94x10 7 mg/mL and 7.23x10 7 mg/mL. The biogas contents were analyzed using the Gas Chromatography (GC) with units of % mole. The highest production of biogas contains 68.6 % mole methane gas (CH 4) and 21.7 % mole carbon dioxide gas (CO 2) with the consortium bacteria. While using the KAN 1 bacteria, the highest production of biogas contains 64.0 % mole methane gas (CH 4) and 22.0 % mole carbon dioxide gas (CO 2).

Research paper thumbnail of Conversion of Polypropylene Plastic Waste Into Liquid Fuel with Catalytic Cracking Process Using Al2O3 as Catalyst

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2018

Approximately 129 million tons of plastic are produced each year, and from that amount, almost en... more Approximately 129 million tons of plastic are produced each year, and from that amount, almost entirely produced from petroleum, while the needs on fuel oil (BBM) is continuously increasing, leading to the depletion of oil and gas reserves. However, besides the problem of raw materials derived from petroleum, the use of conventional plastic as packaging material facing various environmental problems, such as cannot be recycled and cannot be degraded naturally by the environment, causing a pile of plastic waste that causes environmental pollution. Thus, it is crucial to find a solution that can solve both problems. One method of processing plastic waste is to convert it into hydrocarbon fuels. Conversion of plastic waste can be done with the catalytic cracking process which is often used because it utilizes a catalyst to reduce the high temperatures used in the thermal cracking process and save on energy consumption. In this research, the raw material that was used was polypropylene in the form of mineral water cups, and the catalyst used was Al2O3. The purpose of this research was to observe the effect of the cracking process' length of time, catalyst weight (% catalyst) and range of temperature towards the mass, characteristics, and composition of the product. The length of the cracking time was varied into 20, 40 and 60 minutes, while the % catalyst was varied into 4%, 6%, and 8%, and the operating temperature was varied into 150, 200, 300 and 350oC. From the research, the highest mass of liquid product was obtained at the variation of 350oC, 4% of catalyst for 60 minutes, with the value of 87.3 gr, with a total yield of 17.5%. While the characteristics were 0.762 gr/mL for density, 0.778 for Spgr and 50.4 for oAPI Gravity. As for the other products from different variations had lower mass and yield of liquid, but the characteristics were still in gasoline range's characteristics. Two samples were analyzed by its composition, and although showed the different value of percentage, both also showed that the liquid product was included into gasoline range (C5-C12).

Research paper thumbnail of Isolates of Lipolytic, Proteolytic and Cellulolytic Bacteria from Palm Oil Mill Effluent and Their Potency as Consortium

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2019

Study of lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic bacteria in variety, especially the study of iso... more Study of lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic bacteria in variety, especially the study of isolation technique to identify, cultivation technique to produce many researchers have done enzyme and activity test. While the study on lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic that support the consortium bacteria having the capability of degrading fats, protein and cellulose being the wastewater components have not been conducted yet. This is a novelty of this study. This study aims to obtain consortium of bacteria having lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic capability from the palm oil mill effluent. The lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the wastewater using medium mineral (MM), and each of the bacteria was enriched by vegetable oil, casein and Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC). Each of the isolates of bacteria that had been selected was conducted oxygen requirement and synergism tests, and then the consortium of bacteria was wade. Two types of consortium of the bacteria were obtained, that is a facultative anaerobic consortium that consists of two bacteria Bacillus toyonensis strain BCT-7112 and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila strain e-p10, and the aerobic consortium that consists of three bacteria, namely: Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Pseudomonas azotoformans strain NBRC 12693 and Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Fire Retardant Composition on Burning Path and Determination of Thermal Resistance of Sawdust for Building Insulation

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2017

Increasing cost of energy requires the application of thermal insulation for the building. Sawdus... more Increasing cost of energy requires the application of thermal insulation for the building. Sawdust filled with CaCO 3 fire retardant is potential to be applied for building insulation to conserve heat energy across the insulation so that to reduce electrical energy consumption for the building. An apparatus for measuring burning path of sawdust filled with CaCO 3 fire retardant has been constructed. Heat flux meter was also constructed to measure thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of the sawdust insulation. The composition of CaCO 3 fire retardant in sawdust mixture used in the experiment ranged from 5 % to 30 % and 100 % sawdust was used as a control. The burning path and burning time were measured for each composition of CaCO 3 and for the control, as well as, burning velocity was determined. Thermal data of the sawdust insulation was determined for the density of 43.25 kg/m 3 and 64.88 kg/m 3 with a thickness of the insulation from 2 cm to 8 cm. The burning path, as well as, burning time decreased as the composition of CaCO 3 fire retardant increased with the smallest one of 1.25 cm and 5 minutes achieved for CaCO 3 30 %. The lowest burning velocity was achieved at CaCO 3 30 %. Thermal conductivity and thermal resistance increased with the increase of the thickness of the sawdust insulation. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.553 W/mK and the highest thermal resistance of 0.145 m 2 K/W achieved at 8 cm thickness of the insulation and density of 43.25 kg/m 3 , while at density of 64.875 kg/m3, the highest thermal conductivity was 0.398 W/mK and the highest thermal resistance of 0.201m 2 K/W.

Research paper thumbnail of UAS TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

MUHAMMAD FAIZAL, 2022

NAMA : MUHAMMAD FAIZAL NIM : 21102015

Research paper thumbnail of TUGAS TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

FAIZAL

TUGAS TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

Research paper thumbnail of Nama : Muhammad Faizal Nim : 21102015 Prodi : Ilmu Pemerinahan MK : Teori Pembangunan

Tugas teori pembangunan_tulisan singkat tentang resellience city, network governance, urban devel... more Tugas teori pembangunan_tulisan singkat tentang resellience city, network governance, urban development

Research paper thumbnail of TUGAS TEORI PEMBANGUNAN MUHAMMAD FAIZAL

Faizall, 2002

Tugas teori pembangunan

Research paper thumbnail of Application of Activated Carbon and Natural Zeolite for Phosphate Removal from Laundry Wastewater

The number of laundry industry has been increasing rapidly which influences the amount of deterge... more The number of laundry industry has been increasing rapidly which influences the amount of detergent usage in the washing process. Generally the laundry industries dump their wastewater directly to environment without any treatment. Phosphate contained in detergent shall accumulate in the environment then finally would cause eutrofication where the water body becomes rich of dissolved nutrient which effects the dissolved oxygen contained in water body. One of wastewater treatment methods is adsorption. Two different kinds of adsorbents were applied in this investigation namely activated carbon and natural zeolite. Synthetic laundry wastewater was used in order to control the phosphate concentration. The objective of this experiment was to study the removal of phosphate concentration of each adsorbent filled in adsorption column by using circulation method. The column has 1 inch of diameter, 50 cm of height, and 50 ml/minute of flowrate. The concentration of phosphate was varied betwe...

Research paper thumbnail of Catalytic gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch by using Indonesian bentonite as the catalyst

Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 2021

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is one of the enormous waste expected to become a renewable en... more Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is one of the enormous waste expected to become a renewable energy source. This study aimed to convert OPEFB into syngas through a gasification process using bentonite as a catalyst. The effects of temperature and product gas catalysts were investigated, and the efficiency of the gasification process was summarized. The process has used an updraft gasifier at 350-550°C and air as the gasification medium (ER 0.2). The results indicate that syngas can be produced by updraft gasifier. When the temperature increase, the H2 and CO rising. The highest H2 and CO content of 27.74% and 20.43% are obtained at 550°C when bentonite applied. HHV and LHV range of 3.38~12.79 MJ/Nm3 and 3.03~11.58 MJ/Nm3 , respectively. The maximum carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) and cold gas efficiency (CGE) reach 85.49% and 82.34%. Bentonite has been able to increase the concentration of the gas composition especially H2 and CO and the heating value of syngas.

Research paper thumbnail of Syngas Derived from Catalytic Gasification of Fine Coal Waste Using Indonesian Potential Catalyst

Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 2021

Fine coal waste from the coal mining process has not been used as clean energy even though the am... more Fine coal waste from the coal mining process has not been used as clean energy even though the amount is very abundant in the world. The conversion of fine coal to syngas is a new way to increase the value of fine coal. Syngas composition, gas ratio, gasification efficiency, and heating value of syngas have been determined under various conditions of temperature (550-750 °C) and bentonite catalyst ratio (0-0.25). The results indicate that fine coal is the suitable raw material for the gasification process. At the highest temperature (750 °C), the gas composition consists of 42.6 vol% H2, 19.1vol% CO, 19.5 vol% CH4, and 7.9vol% CO2. The best performance was achieved when the catalyst/feed ratio is 0.25 with the gas composition of 54.3vol% H2, 26.2vol% CO, 23.8 vol% CH4, and 3.5vol% CO2, heating value and gasification efficiency were 19.72 MJ/Nm3 and 72.27% at 750 °C.

Research paper thumbnail of Purification of Synthetic Gas from Fine Coal Waste Gasification as a Clean Fuel

Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2021

The presence of CO2 in the syngas is attracting more attention in terms of reducing the greenhous... more The presence of CO2 in the syngas is attracting more attention in terms of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions in its utilisation. The aim of this study was to purify syngas from the CO2 content of fine coal gasification. Fine coal is gasified with and without absorption using CaO, which is hydrated to Ca(OH)2 in the modified updraft gasifier at 450–700 °C. Apart from investigating the CO2 absorption process, the gasification process also evaluates the influence of temperature in terms of its synergy with Ca(OH)2. The best conditions for the gasification process are achieved at 700 °C. The content of CO2 was proven to be well absorbed, which is characterised by a decrease in the CO2 content and an increase in H2 in syngas. After the absorption process, the H2 content obtained increased from 42.6 mole% to 48.8 mole% of H2 at 700°C. The H2 ratio also increased after absorption to 2.57 from the previous value of 2.23. The highest absorption efficiency of CO2 by Ca(OH)2 occurred at 70...

Research paper thumbnail of Pengolahan Limbah Logam Berat Kromium Hexavalen Menggunakan Reagen Fenton dan Adsorben Keramik Zeolit

Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan, 2018

Kromium diketahui sebagai salah satu polutan beracun yang menyebabkan masalah lingkungan dan kese... more Kromium diketahui sebagai salah satu polutan beracun yang menyebabkan masalah lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat. Kromium Heksavalen Cr(VI) merupakan logam berat, dimana dalam konsentrasi yang kecil dapat menghasilkan tingkat keracunan yang tinggi pada makhluk hidup. Jika senyawa kromium (VI) terbuang ke lingkungan dan masuk ke dalam tubuh makhluk hidup maka akan sangat berbahaya, sehingga penting untuk mengolah limbah tersebut. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada proses pengolahan Cr(VI) dengan metode kombinasi yaitu secara kimia dan secara fisika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah air limbah yang mengandung Cr(VI) menggunakan reagen Fenton yang dilanjutkan adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben berbahan dasar zeolit dan tanah liat yang dibentuk menjadi keramik. Air limbah yang mengandung Cr(VI) dikontakkan dalam reaktor berpengaduk sehingga terjadi reaksi reduksi oksidasi, selanjutnya air limbah ini dilewatkan ke dalam kolom adsorpsi yang berisi adsorben keramik zeolit. Kondisi terbaik d...

Research paper thumbnail of Valorization of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Waste for Syngas Production Through Gasification

Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2020

The rapid progress of the CPO industry in Indonesia is not in line with good waste management and... more The rapid progress of the CPO industry in Indonesia is not in line with good waste management and utilization. Palm empty fruit bunch, as the first waste from the CPO production process in Indonesia, is mostly piled on the ground. Palm empty fruit bunch must be processed to reduce pollution and increase its use-value. This study aimed to convert oil palm empty fruit bunches solid waste through the gasification process using Indonesia's natural zeolite into synthesis gas. Gasification takes place at 350-550°C by added 12.5% wt zeolite using a modified updraft gasifier. Good results were achieved at 550°C with a gas composition of 22.64% vol CH 4 , 29.22% vol CO, and 3.4% vol H 2. The gasification efficiency is evaluated through carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) and cold gas efficiency (CGE). Both the highest CCE and CGE were found at 550°C by 95.74% and 81.65% respectively. The results showed that the gasification temperature has the greatest influence in driving higher carbon conversion to syngas and palm empty fruit bunches are very suitable for conversion into environmentally friendly syngas in the CPO industry.

Research paper thumbnail of Production Methy Ester Sulfonate (MES) Based Rubber Seeds As One Of Chemical Injection Solutions In Enhanched Oil Recovery (EOR) Process

Science and Technology Indonesia, 2019

One a empt to increase the recovery of oil from a reservoir is by injecting the surfactant. Surfa... more One a empt to increase the recovery of oil from a reservoir is by injecting the surfactant. Surfactant is used for lowered tension interfaces (interfacial tension) between oil and water so able bring oil exit pores reservoir. It is a good opportunity for develop type surfactant based oil vegetable that is from oil seed rubber. As known from the chemical composition in oil seed rubber contain olein amounted to 39.45 % wt, which is almost approaching value olein from petrochemicals based by 40.7 %. For produce suitable surfactants with characteristics required by oil industry, then do formulation with combine MES surfactant produced with ingredients additives other as appropriate to produce a capable formula for give best performance to be applied on oil industry. From the test result, the MES from the rubber seed oil obtained has fulfilled the surfactant requirement with the value from soaking % crude oil recovery value is 0,815 %-3,91 % with the best value is 3,91 %, pH value is 7,2-8,2, density value is 1,006-1,065, the compability test result, both catalyst can be used because there is no di erence and show positive results that there is no precipitate and clear colored of MES surfactant and also for Interfacial Tension test result is 0.373-0.254 dyne/cm.

Research paper thumbnail of Color And COD Degradation of Procion Red Synthetic Dye by Using Fenton-TiO2 Method

Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, 2018

Nowadays, environmental pollution caused by industrial wastewater is quite apprehensive. Most of ... more Nowadays, environmental pollution caused by industrial wastewater is quite apprehensive. Most of textile industries used synthetic dyes. Procion red is one of the synthetic dyes that was often used in textile industries and classified as a reactive dye that is difficult to decompose in nature and contain harmful toxins. One of the colored wastewater treatment process is Fenton reagent and TiO 2 catalyst (Fenton-TiO 2) as one of the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). AOPs are based on the generation of very reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals (OH •) is effective for decolourization and biodegradation of pollutants. The objectives of this research are to treat of procion red synthetic dye by using Fenton-TiO 2 method and study the effect of procion red concentration, reaction time, and the concentrations of TiO 2 catalyst on color and COD degradation. In this experiment, the concentrations of procion red were varied between 150-300 ppm, the concentrations of TiO 2 catalyst were varied from 0.05 to 0.4% (w/v) and the reaction time of 5 to 20 minutes. The optimum condition was achieved by using procion red concentration of 150 ppm with TiO 2 catalyst concentration of 0.4%, and reaction time of 20 minutes, where the maximum color and COD degradation achieved of 98.67% and 92% respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Conversion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent on Biogas Production with Consortium Bacteria

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2019

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a liquid waste that has a high organic content and it can be fer... more Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a liquid waste that has a high organic content and it can be fermented using bacteria to produce biogas. POME is non-toxic but the high organic contents can disturb the ecosystems and cause the environmental pollution in the water body. POME contains microorganisms that have the potential to hydrolyze oils, celluloses, and protein. Potential bacteria for degradation of POME can be obtained by isolating the waste itself (indigenous bacteria). Indigenous bacteria that have been isolated from POME, namely: Stenotrophomonas rhizopila strain E-P10 (KP 1.2) and Bacillus toyonensis strain BCT-7112 (KAN 1) are used as consortium bacteria in the process of waste degradation. The research sequence consists of rejuvenation of bacteria, preparation of medium mineral, starter and bacterial inoculum. The research aims to degrade the substrates from POME using a consortium and indigenous bacteria to produce biogas. The substrate degradation process is carried out in a bioreactor with degradation time 0, 20, 21-22, 23-26, 27-30, 31-34 and 35-38 days. Bacterial population growth was calculated using a haemacytometer. The highest population of the consortium and indigenous bacteria were found at 7.94x10 7 mg/mL and 7.23x10 7 mg/mL. The biogas contents were analyzed using the Gas Chromatography (GC) with units of % mole. The highest production of biogas contains 68.6 % mole methane gas (CH 4) and 21.7 % mole carbon dioxide gas (CO 2) with the consortium bacteria. While using the KAN 1 bacteria, the highest production of biogas contains 64.0 % mole methane gas (CH 4) and 22.0 % mole carbon dioxide gas (CO 2).

Research paper thumbnail of Conversion of Polypropylene Plastic Waste Into Liquid Fuel with Catalytic Cracking Process Using Al2O3 as Catalyst

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2018

Approximately 129 million tons of plastic are produced each year, and from that amount, almost en... more Approximately 129 million tons of plastic are produced each year, and from that amount, almost entirely produced from petroleum, while the needs on fuel oil (BBM) is continuously increasing, leading to the depletion of oil and gas reserves. However, besides the problem of raw materials derived from petroleum, the use of conventional plastic as packaging material facing various environmental problems, such as cannot be recycled and cannot be degraded naturally by the environment, causing a pile of plastic waste that causes environmental pollution. Thus, it is crucial to find a solution that can solve both problems. One method of processing plastic waste is to convert it into hydrocarbon fuels. Conversion of plastic waste can be done with the catalytic cracking process which is often used because it utilizes a catalyst to reduce the high temperatures used in the thermal cracking process and save on energy consumption. In this research, the raw material that was used was polypropylene in the form of mineral water cups, and the catalyst used was Al2O3. The purpose of this research was to observe the effect of the cracking process' length of time, catalyst weight (% catalyst) and range of temperature towards the mass, characteristics, and composition of the product. The length of the cracking time was varied into 20, 40 and 60 minutes, while the % catalyst was varied into 4%, 6%, and 8%, and the operating temperature was varied into 150, 200, 300 and 350oC. From the research, the highest mass of liquid product was obtained at the variation of 350oC, 4% of catalyst for 60 minutes, with the value of 87.3 gr, with a total yield of 17.5%. While the characteristics were 0.762 gr/mL for density, 0.778 for Spgr and 50.4 for oAPI Gravity. As for the other products from different variations had lower mass and yield of liquid, but the characteristics were still in gasoline range's characteristics. Two samples were analyzed by its composition, and although showed the different value of percentage, both also showed that the liquid product was included into gasoline range (C5-C12).

Research paper thumbnail of Isolates of Lipolytic, Proteolytic and Cellulolytic Bacteria from Palm Oil Mill Effluent and Their Potency as Consortium

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2019

Study of lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic bacteria in variety, especially the study of iso... more Study of lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic bacteria in variety, especially the study of isolation technique to identify, cultivation technique to produce many researchers have done enzyme and activity test. While the study on lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic that support the consortium bacteria having the capability of degrading fats, protein and cellulose being the wastewater components have not been conducted yet. This is a novelty of this study. This study aims to obtain consortium of bacteria having lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic capability from the palm oil mill effluent. The lipolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the wastewater using medium mineral (MM), and each of the bacteria was enriched by vegetable oil, casein and Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC). Each of the isolates of bacteria that had been selected was conducted oxygen requirement and synergism tests, and then the consortium of bacteria was wade. Two types of consortium of the bacteria were obtained, that is a facultative anaerobic consortium that consists of two bacteria Bacillus toyonensis strain BCT-7112 and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila strain e-p10, and the aerobic consortium that consists of three bacteria, namely: Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Pseudomonas azotoformans strain NBRC 12693 and Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Fire Retardant Composition on Burning Path and Determination of Thermal Resistance of Sawdust for Building Insulation

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2017

Increasing cost of energy requires the application of thermal insulation for the building. Sawdus... more Increasing cost of energy requires the application of thermal insulation for the building. Sawdust filled with CaCO 3 fire retardant is potential to be applied for building insulation to conserve heat energy across the insulation so that to reduce electrical energy consumption for the building. An apparatus for measuring burning path of sawdust filled with CaCO 3 fire retardant has been constructed. Heat flux meter was also constructed to measure thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of the sawdust insulation. The composition of CaCO 3 fire retardant in sawdust mixture used in the experiment ranged from 5 % to 30 % and 100 % sawdust was used as a control. The burning path and burning time were measured for each composition of CaCO 3 and for the control, as well as, burning velocity was determined. Thermal data of the sawdust insulation was determined for the density of 43.25 kg/m 3 and 64.88 kg/m 3 with a thickness of the insulation from 2 cm to 8 cm. The burning path, as well as, burning time decreased as the composition of CaCO 3 fire retardant increased with the smallest one of 1.25 cm and 5 minutes achieved for CaCO 3 30 %. The lowest burning velocity was achieved at CaCO 3 30 %. Thermal conductivity and thermal resistance increased with the increase of the thickness of the sawdust insulation. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.553 W/mK and the highest thermal resistance of 0.145 m 2 K/W achieved at 8 cm thickness of the insulation and density of 43.25 kg/m 3 , while at density of 64.875 kg/m3, the highest thermal conductivity was 0.398 W/mK and the highest thermal resistance of 0.201m 2 K/W.

Research paper thumbnail of UAS TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

MUHAMMAD FAIZAL, 2022

NAMA : MUHAMMAD FAIZAL NIM : 21102015

Research paper thumbnail of TUGAS TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

FAIZAL

TUGAS TEORI PEMBANGUNAN

Research paper thumbnail of Nama : Muhammad Faizal Nim : 21102015 Prodi : Ilmu Pemerinahan MK : Teori Pembangunan

Tugas teori pembangunan_tulisan singkat tentang resellience city, network governance, urban devel... more Tugas teori pembangunan_tulisan singkat tentang resellience city, network governance, urban development

Research paper thumbnail of TUGAS TEORI PEMBANGUNAN MUHAMMAD FAIZAL

Faizall, 2002

Tugas teori pembangunan

Research paper thumbnail of Application of Activated Carbon and Natural Zeolite for Phosphate Removal from Laundry Wastewater

The number of laundry industry has been increasing rapidly which influences the amount of deterge... more The number of laundry industry has been increasing rapidly which influences the amount of detergent usage in the washing process. Generally the laundry industries dump their wastewater directly to environment without any treatment. Phosphate contained in detergent shall accumulate in the environment then finally would cause eutrofication where the water body becomes rich of dissolved nutrient which effects the dissolved oxygen contained in water body. One of wastewater treatment methods is adsorption. Two different kinds of adsorbents were applied in this investigation namely activated carbon and natural zeolite. Synthetic laundry wastewater was used in order to control the phosphate concentration. The objective of this experiment was to study the removal of phosphate concentration of each adsorbent filled in adsorption column by using circulation method. The column has 1 inch of diameter, 50 cm of height, and 50 ml/minute of flowrate. The concentration of phosphate was varied betwe...