Muhammad Iqbal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhammad Iqbal

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2007

A research project to evaluate the effect of different plant spacing on the production of caulifl... more A research project to evaluate the effect of different plant spacing on the production of cauliflower was conducted at Horticulture Research Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, NWFP, Pakistan. Six different plant spacing viz., 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 cm were used. The results revealed significant variations in all the parameters and amongst various plant spacing, 45 cm spacing showed the best response for all the parameters. Maximum plant height (49.33 cm), curd diameter (19.13 cm), maximum curd weight (1.23 kg plant(-1)) and yield (30.77 t ha(-1)) were recorded in the plots where the plants were spaced 45 cm apart.

2009 ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering, 2009

Biochemical changes related to stability of food waste compost are strongly affected by different... more Biochemical changes related to stability of food waste compost are strongly affected by different composting techniques. For evaluation of compost maturity three locally fabricated composters and windrow process were examined at seven days interval up to 91 days by loading food waste along with bulking agent. Gradual changes in chemical characteristics related to stability and maturity of compost were studied and compared. Increase in ammonia nitrogen level due to rise in temperature was maximum in aerobic process than others. Substantial increase of CEC in aerobic process was earlier which leads to establish the optimal degree of maturity as compared to other processes. . Optimal level in stability and maturity parameters like C: N, was attained earlier in aerobic process as compared to windrow, facultative and anaerobic processes due to continuous aeration. The compost from the aerobic process provided good humus and micronutrients. Result from this study will assist in method optimization and quality of the compost product.

British Journal of Nutrition, 1969

Research in Veterinary Science, 2011

An unusual sickness in mules at Batrasi camp, District Mansehra, Pakistan, was reported. Twelve a... more An unusual sickness in mules at Batrasi camp, District Mansehra, Pakistan, was reported. Twelve animals died with in 2-3 days after showing the clinical symptoms confusing with colic and nervous disorders. Animals did not respond to any treatment. A team of veterinary doctors/researchers from institute visited the place and collected the samples and information in all aspects related to any disease occurrence on epidemiological basis. Animals were also showing symptoms confusing with rabies. Brain samples were collected for rabies testing. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) by amplifying ''N" region gene and mouse inoculation test (MIT) were performed and results showed that disease was nothing except rabies and RT-PCR is the rapid and sensitive method for diagnosis of rabies virus as compared to other conventional methods of diagnosis.

Protoplasma, 2011

We analyzed the effect of omission of sulfur (S) from the nutrient solution and then restoration ... more We analyzed the effect of omission of sulfur (S) from the nutrient solution and then restoration of S-source on the uptake and assimilation of nitrate in rapeseed. Incubation in nutrient solution without S for 1-6 days led to decline in uptake of nitrate, activities, and expression levels of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS). The nitrite reductase (NiR) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities were not considerably affected. There was significant enhancement in nitrate content and decline in sulfate content. Evaluation of amino acid profile under S-starvation conditions showed two-to fourfold enhancement in the contents of arginine, asparagine and O-acetyl-L-serine (OAS), whereas the contents of cysteine and methionine were reduced heavily. When the S-starved plants were subjected to restoration of S for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, activities and expression levels of NR and GS recovered within the fifth and seventh days of restoration, respectively. Exogenous supply of metabolites (arginine, asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, OAS, and methionine) also affected the uptake and assimilation of nitrate, with a maximum for OAS. These results corroborate the tight interconnection of S-nutrition with nitrate assimilation and that OAS plays a major role in this regulation. The study must be helpful in developing a nutrient-management technology for optimization of crop productivity.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1992

A strain of hepatitis E virus (SAR-55) implicated in an epidemic of enterically transmitted non-A... more A strain of hepatitis E virus (SAR-55) implicated in an epidemic of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis, now called hepatitis E, was characterized extensively. Six cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were infected with a strain of hepatitis E virus from Pakistan. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the pattern of virus shedding in feces, bile, and serum relative to hepatitis and induction of specific antibodies. Virtually the entire genome of SAR-55 (7195 nucleotides) was sequenced. Comparison of the sequence of SAR-55 with that of a Burmese strain revealed a high level of homology except for one region encoding 100 amino acids of a putative nonstructural polyprotein. Identification of this region as hypervariable was obtained by partial sequencing of a third isolate of hepatitis E virus from Kirgizia.

Plant Pathology, 2008

During spring 2005-06 chickpea plants (cvs Desi and Kabuli) were found to be affected by a previo... more During spring 2005-06 chickpea plants (cvs Desi and Kabuli) were found to be affected by a previously undescribed disease in Pakistan. Symptoms consisted of proliferation of branches with smaller leaflets, giving a bushy appearance to the plants. Affected plants were scattered in the field and were more easily spotted at flowering and podding time. The flowers developed abnormal green structures (phyllody) instead of normal flowers. At the time of crop maturity when the healthy plants were drying the diseased plants in the field were conspicuously green.

Phytochemistry, 2007

In addition to fatty acids, a mixture of sterols (b-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and sti... more In addition to fatty acids, a mixture of sterols (b-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and stigmastanol), lupeol, arctigenin methylether, sesamin, vanillic acid (1), 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (2), betulinic acid and two pentacyclic triterpene acetates were isolated from Fagara tessmannii Engl. They were identified as 3b-acetoxy-16b-hydroxybetulinic acid (3a) and 3b,16b-diacetoxybetulinic acid (3b), and their structures were established using 1 and 2D NMR spectra and by comparison with published data. Two derivatives of the compounds were prepared. Some isolated compounds were evaluated for their antifungal and antibacterial activities. Compounds 1 and 3a showed significant inhibition of a-glucosidase.

Physical Review Letters, 2002

We have measured the differential conductance dI/dV of individual multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MW... more We have measured the differential conductance dI/dV of individual multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) of different lengths. A cross-over from wire-like (long tubes) to dot-like (short tubes) behavior is observed. dI/dV is dominated by random conductance fluctuations (UCF) in long MWNT devices (L = 2 . . . 7 µm), while Coulomb blockade and energy level quantization are observed in short ones (L = 300 nm). The electron levels of short MWNT dots are nearly four-fold degenerate (including spin) and their evolution in magnetic field (Zeeman splitting) agrees with a g-factor of 2. In zero magnetic field the sequential filling of states evolves with spin S according to S = 0 → 1/2 → 0 . . . . In addition, a Kondo enhancement of the conductance is observed when the number of electrons on the tube is odd.

Physical Review C, 1994

A parity violating (PV) meson exchange model is applied in the coupled channels formalism to stud... more A parity violating (PV) meson exchange model is applied in the coupled channels formalism to study the effect of isobar excitation on PV [ital pp] scattering. The meson-mixing model used to calculate PV forbids the mixing of [ital S]=0 mesons in particular pions, as well as isospin symmetry violation, so only the [ital pa][sub 1] contribution is considered in isobar excitation. We find a significant contribution to [ital [bar A]][sub [ital L]] from the PV mixing of the states [sup 3][ital P][sub 2] and [sup 1][ital D][sub 2] already at relatively low energies versus one (vector) meson exchange which gives predominantly [sup 3][ital P][sub 0-][sup 1][ital S][sub 0] mixing. At the energy of 230 MeV, where a forthcoming TRIUMF experiment aims to extract the parity violating [rho][ital pp] coupling, our calculated effect from this source alone is of the same order as from the conventional single [rho] exchange.

Physica B: Condensed Matter, 1998

Magnetoresistance measurements on heavily doped but still insulating n-type Si:(P,B) are reported... more Magnetoresistance measurements on heavily doped but still insulating n-type Si:(P,B) are reported for the temperature range 1.6 to 300K and in magnetic fields up to 35T. In zero magnetic field, the samples investigated (carrier concentration 1.5, 2.5 and 2.95×1018cm−3, compensation ratio ∼0.65) show Efros–Shklovskii (ES) variable range hopping (VRH), ρ=ρ0exp[(T0/T)p] with p=12. For the sample with 2.95×1018cm−3, the ES hopping

Pesticide Science, 1996

... Abamectin in Field Populations of Plutella xylostella from Malaysia Muhammad Iqbal," Rob... more ... Abamectin in Field Populations of Plutella xylostella from Malaysia Muhammad Iqbal," Robert HJ Verkerk,= Michael J. Furlong,b Pek Choo Ong,c Syed Abdul Raliman' & Denis J. Wrighta* a Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK ...

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2007

Kinetic simulations of fission product activity in primary circuits of a typical PWR under power ... more Kinetic simulations of fission product activity in primary circuits of a typical PWR under power transients, has been performed. A detailed two-stage model-based methodology has been developed and implemented in a computer coder FPCART which uses LEOPARD and ODMUG codes as subroutines. For normal constant power operation, results for over 39 fission products show that the activity due to fission products in fuel region of PWRs is dominated by 134 I which is followed by 134 Te and 133 I. The value of the total fission product activity in fuel region predicted by FPCART code has been found to agree with-in 0.36% range with the corresponding values found by using the ORIGEN-2.0 code. The predictions of FPCART code have also been found in good agreement with the corresponding values found in ANS-18.1 Standard as well as with some available power-plant operation data with 2.4% deviation in the value of specific activity of the dominating fission product 134 I. The saturation value of the fission product activity in coolant depends strongly on the fuel-clad gap escape rate coefficient (ε) and approaches a maximum value with increasing value of ε. During power transients, the FPCART predictions have been found in good agreement with the corresponding experimental measurements of 131 I specific activity for Beznau and Surry PWRs.

New Phytologist, 2000

Crosses between certain genotypes of common bean result in dwarfing of F1 plants and lethal dwarf... more Crosses between certain genotypes of common bean result in dwarfing of F1 plants and lethal dwarfing in a proportion of the F2 population. This is under the control of the semi-dominant alleles, DL&quot; and DL# at two complementary loci which are expressed in the root and ...

New Phytologist, 2004

This study has elucidated the mechanism of development of the storeyed cambial structure of Wiste... more This study has elucidated the mechanism of development of the storeyed cambial structure of Wisteria floribunda , a species characterised by very quick and early establishment of storeyed structure from a nonstoreyed procambium in close vicinity of the pith. • Rearrangement of the cambial cells was studied in serial tangential longitudinal sections of axial wood parenchyma.

Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2007

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), especially ZrCuAlNi alloys, are important materials due to their ve... more Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), especially ZrCuAlNi alloys, are important materials due to their very attractive physical and mechanical properties. However, their applications are restricted due to processing limitations and cost effectiveness. Materials scientists are trying to design and synthesize economical BMGs using inexpensive materials with improved properties. In the present study, six alloys having compositions (Zr 0.65 Cu 0.18 Ni 0.09 Al 0.08 ) 100−x M x (where M = Y, Ti, Nb, Er and W and x = 0 and 2 at.%) were synthesized by Cu mould casting using 2-3N pure elements. The base alloy Zr 65 Cu 18 Ni 9 Al 8 was designed following the Inoue's rules and also adopting the criterion of average valance electrons/atom (e/a ratio = 1.3950) and average atomic size R a = 0.1498 nm. Characterization of alloys was done by XRD, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and SEM/EDS. Maximum T x was found to be 129 K for the base alloy. Mechanical properties like Vicker's microhardness, nanohardness, elastic modulus, density, fracture strength and shear angles were measured. Enhancement in ductility was achieved by adding Ti and Nb. Microstructure of as-cast and heat-treated compression tested samples was evaluated.

Materials Letters, 2003

Mechanical alloying (MA) is a versatile technique to produce nanocrystalline and amorphous alloys... more Mechanical alloying (MA) is a versatile technique to produce nanocrystalline and amorphous alloys. Its special advantage is to form alloys of immiscible elements. High energy planetary ball milling has been used to produce Al -2 wt.% Ge alloy. Powders of Al (1 -125 Am) and Ge (0.5 -2 Am) were milled together with a powder to ball weight ratio of 1:20 up to 400 h. The size and shape of the elemental and alloy powder particles were examined in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) while their microanalysis was performed by energy dispersive system (EDS) attached with SEM. It has been observed that 300 h of milling produces homogeneous alloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm complete alloying of Ge with Al. As the size of the atoms of Al and Ge are different, elastic strain energy because of misfit has been calculated to be about 2.6 kcal/mol. It has been concluded that among the factors contributing towards the enthalpy, stress exerted by dislocations on solute atoms is the major driving force for alloying. D

The Knee, 1999

We report an unusual case of separation of bipartite patella in a patient with nail᎐patella syndr... more We report an unusual case of separation of bipartite patella in a patient with nail᎐patella syndrome. Arthroscopic lateral release and medial plication was carried out for anterior knee pain and patellar subluxation. During post-operative rehabilitation the bipartite patella separated. This was bone grafted and internally fixed by tension band wiring with good end results. ᮊ

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2013

Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2010

Nanometer-sized crystallites of Y-type strontium hexaferrite, Sr 2 Ni 2 Fe 12 O 22 and its Mn-and... more Nanometer-sized crystallites of Y-type strontium hexaferrite, Sr 2 Ni 2 Fe 12 O 22 and its Mn-and Cr-doped derivatives have been synthesized by the sol-gel method. Y-type phase formation was achieved at a considerably lower temperature of 9501C than is required in the traditional solid-state method (12001C). The effect of doping of manganese at the tetrahedral site, Sr 2 Ni 2Àx Mn x Fe 12 O 22 (x 5 0.0-2.0), and chromium at octahedral site, Sr 2 Ni 2 Fe 12Ày Cr y O 22 (y 5 0.0-1.5), has been studied. The crystal structure remains unaffected by the substitutions. The crystallite size in the range of 13-45 nm is calculated from the X-ray diffraction data. The energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis shows that Y-type hexaferrites can be prepared with a base of strontium. The extent of doped Cr 13 ions at the octahedral site has been increased from the reported maximum value of y 5 1.5. Scanning electron micrographs of the samples showed a homogenous microstructure. The dc electrical resistivity studies show that these hexaferrites exhibit high resistivity at room temperature. Cr-doped samples have comparatively higher resistivity than Mn-doped samples. The doubly doped (Cr1Mn) samples possess high resistivity (7.37 Â 10 9 X-cm), a low dielectric constant (33.88 at 3000 Hz), and a high Curie temperature (4698 K). The dielectric energy losses are minimized by increasing the Mn and Cr contents of the synthesized samples.

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2007

2009 ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering, 2009

British Journal of Nutrition, 1969

Research in Veterinary Science, 2011

Protoplasma, 2011

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1992

Plant Pathology, 2008

Phytochemistry, 2007

Physical Review Letters, 2002

Physical Review C, 1994

Physica B: Condensed Matter, 1998

Pesticide Science, 1996

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2007

New Phytologist, 2000

New Phytologist, 2004

Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2007

Materials Letters, 2003

The Knee, 1999

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2013

Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2010

Plastik merupakan salah satu komponen utama dalam bidang industri yang berfungsi sebagai pengemas... more Plastik merupakan salah satu komponen utama dalam bidang industri yang berfungsi sebagai pengemasan suatu produk termasuk makanan. Pengemasan merupakan hal terpenting untuk mempertahankan kualitas bahan pangan karena pengemas mampu bertindak sebagai penahan migrasi uap air, gas, aroma dan zat-zat lain dari bahan ke lingkungan atau sebaliknya. Pemanfaatan plastik sebagai kemasan sering dipilih karena bersifat aman, kuat, dan ekonomis.

biosintesis trigliserida dan fosfolipid