Muhammad Khan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhammad Khan

With increasing population the demand for fresh fruits is on the rise in Pakistan. Because of per... more With increasing population the demand for fresh fruits is on the rise in Pakistan. Because of perishing nature and short shelf life, fruits require proper and effective supply chain management (SCM) for securing them to be wasted. Fruits of Chitral, Northern Area of Pakistan face supply chain (SC) issues and challenges. The main purpose is to conduct a detailed insight of the present apple fruit SCM system in Chitral for identifying the related environmental perspective of apple. That small subsistence farming should be view as a business. As compare to the producers' income with others intermediaries, (27% to 73%) it is significantly lower. Focus should be given that the distribution of the marketing margin across the players can be measured fairly. The anticipated research work is exploratory in nature using secondary data, undertakes a meticulous review of basic and up to date literature available and tried to explain the factors affect the supply chain of Apple Fruit sector in Chitral, Northern Area of Pakistan. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a research framework that improves understanding of SCM, stimulates, and facilitates researchers to undertake both theoretical and empirical investigation on the critical constructs of SCM, and the exploration of their impacts on supply chain performance. This is the first study to examine the environmental perspectives of apple fruit SCM in Chitral, northern Pakistan. This study could provide a lesson for many developing countries.

Poverty is blame to be one of the major cause and effect of environmental degradation/Deforestati... more Poverty is blame to be one of the major cause and effect of environmental degradation/Deforestation. This bi-directional relationship is seems to be existing in the rural communities all over the world in a little bit stronger form. This study was conducted to find out the empirical relationship of rural poverty and Deforestation in Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The study was under taken by collecting primary data from 180 respondents randomly selected from all the seven districts of the division concerned. A well structured questionnaire was used for data collection comprising the questions regarding personal details, economic details, natural resource dependence, extent of forests degradation and poverty environment nexus etc. Non recursive two stage linear regression model was used for data analysis. The regression analysis was performed by statistical software SPSS Version 20. The result verified the existence of poverty and environmental degradation in the form of deforestation. The study indicates a key role of poverty in deforestation and vice versa. It was also concluded that rural community have low income level and depends mostly on forest resources for their basic needs and livelihood purposes. The study also indicates the severity of environmental degradation in the form of deforestation in the study area and most of the people were found unaware of the knowledge and importance of environmental conservation.

The purpose of this article is to clarify the concept of the duty in good faith in Islamic contra... more The purpose of this article is to clarify the concept of the duty in good faith in Islamic contract law. The principle of good faith is vital in contract law which covers the contract period ranging from pre-contractual stage of the contract to conclusion of the contract. In agreement the contractual parties would come across some pledges, such as the commitment to perform with the good faith obligation, stipulation of the required information, negotiation process's transparency, promise to cooperate and commitment not to diverge from contract and if these commitments are not fulfilled, the defaulting party has to pay some performance bonds, such as the commitment to negotiate, the duty to disclose, paying reparation for loss of position of the contract and benefit, contract's termination during the implementation phase due to the errors in the pre-contract phase. Good faith is applying to the world legal systems, which lead to the development of international law. For that reason, the elements of good faith in the civil law, the common law, international law and Islamic law are described in the following part to provide an attention for the study of good faith in more detailed. However, the main focus of the article to explores the Islamic contract law approach for this matter. Descriptive and analytical research methodology has adopted in this study in which relevant materials (verses) have been collected from the Quran, Islamic books, related research papers and web sites.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the methods for increasing the volume of Inw... more The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the methods for increasing the volume of Inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Pakistan. Two different approaches are investigated: firstly, identifying the main barriers to investing in Pakistan, and secondly, examining the key success factors (KSFs) of the top FDI recipients in the world. Both parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses are applied. The study findings provide guidance to the implementation of common KSFs for increasing inward FDI. The paper discusses cultural barriers in developing markets for investors' collective performance, the consequence and significance of cultural barriers in emerging markets, and the requirement for social adaptation for successfully attract inward FDI in developing counties. This paper identifies and proposes suggestions for resolving the internal problems of Pakistan's investment climate that act as impediments to increased FDI volume.