Muhammad Mushtaq-ul-Hassan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhammad Mushtaq-ul-Hassan

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the effects of the mating sex ratios on reproductive performance of Indian peafowl, Pavo cristatus

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of peacock-peahen ratios on egg production, fertili... more This study was conducted to evaluate the role of peacock-peahen ratios on egg production, fertility and hatchability in Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) in a Wildlife Park to explore most productive mating sex ratio for a period of 16 weeks. A total of 42 birds (12♂ & 30♀) was selected for the study and kept in 12 cages. The sex ratios maintained were 1♂: 1♀ (Group A), 1♂: 2♀ (Group B), 1♂: 3♀ (Group C) and 1♂: 4♀ (Group D). Each group had three replicates. The birds were randomly released into twelve cages with each cage contained one sex ratio. Before data collection, the birds were given an adaptation period of one week. Peacock-peahen ratio (1♂: 3♀) exhibited significant effect (P<.0.05) on mean egg production (1.78±0.14), egg weight (98.21g±7.02), egg fertility (81.25%±6.28), hatchability (61.95%±1.00) and mounting numbers (2.66+0.09). Whereas, the mean display duration, display number, mounting duration and total time taken for mating were not affected by any peacock-peahen mating ratio. Maximum number of eggs were produced having mating sex ratio 1:3 in terms of egg production, egg weight, egg fertility (%), hatchability (%) and number of mating.

Research paper thumbnail of Post-moult egg quality of commercial layers induced to moult under various fasting and feeding regimes

Acta Veterinaria-beograd, 2000

The present work was conducted to determine the effect of various fasting and feeding regimes dur... more The present work was conducted to determine the effect of various fasting and feeding regimes during moulting on post-moult egg quality characteristics of commercial layers.This experiment was carried out on 180 commercial (Babcock) egg-laying hens available at the age of 122 weeks during the second production cycle after the first moult induction. The birds were kept in single deck type cages comprising 18 experimental units of 10 birds each, that had previously been assigned to six treatment groups having three (5, 10, 15 days) fasting regimes x two (once-a-day and skip a day) feeding regimes in a factorial arrangement with three replications each. During the experimental period each bird was served with 0.80 kg layer mash weekly. A total of 18 randomly selected eggs (one egg per experimental unit) taken every week were used for the study of egg quality i.e. egg weight (g) , shell thickness (mm) , Haugh unit values and yolk index. The fasting and teedii ,9 regimes applied during the induced moult did not show any significant effect on post-moult egg weight, shell thicknes, or yolk index. However, the differences in post-moult Haugh unit values in layers induced to moult under various fasting regimes and their interaction with feeding regimes were statistically significant, whereas, feeding regimes did not influence the mean Haugh unit values.

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibiting Rodent Depredations. 11.DISTRIBUTION and Abundance of Rats and Mice in a Wheat-Sugarcane Based Cropland

This study was extended from June, 1992 through June, 1993 in a lOO-acre study block of wheat-ric... more This study was extended from June, 1992 through June, 1993 in a lOO-acre study block of wheat-rice based cropland near Alipur Chatta (Punjab) in which multiple-cropping was being practised. The block was found to be infested with three species of rodents viz. the lesser bandicoot rat, the soft-furred field rat, and the house mouse. The rodent populations, which generally ceased to breed during the winter season, were forced to move from one crop to another following their harvesting at different times of the year. Consequently, the pest populations dispersed and then concentrated in certain fields where they could be easily destroyed using an appropriate rodenticide. Should these concentrations in the vegetable, fodder, and sugarcane fields (which cover less than 18% of the total area of the study block) be destroyed in June and, if necessary, in October, the rodent depredations in the rice, wheat and other crops will be greatly minimized at a low cost with a little ecological disturbance.

Research paper thumbnail of Food Preference of the Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus) and Barn Owl (Tyto alba) at Usta Muhammad, Baluchistan, Pakistan

Turkish Journal of Zoology, Mar 14, 2007

The dominant food-items eaten by the short-eared owl were rats and mice (91.9%). Shrews (2.0%), b... more The dominant food-items eaten by the short-eared owl were rats and mice (91.9%). Shrews (2.0%), bats (1.3%), and birds (5.0%) jointly constituted only 8.2% of the owl's diet. Among rats and mice, the most intensively consumed rodent pest by the owl was Millardia meltada (43.9%), followed by Mus musculus (29.8%), Tatera indica (16.3%), and Bandicota bengalensis (1.8%). In the case of the barn owl, rats and mice represented 9.7% of their diet, followed by shrews (4.7%), birds (3.3%), and bats (0.4%). Among the rats and mice in their diet were M. meltada (46.3%), T. indica (3.5%), Nesokia indica (5.1%), B. bengalensis (2.2%), Rattus rattus (1.1%), and M. musculus (33.5%). Sub-adults of M. meltada were the most intensively eaten food item by the short-eared owl (50.8%) and barn owl (39.1%), whereas adults of M. musculus were the dominant prey agecategory consumed by the short-eared owl (52.2%) and barn owl (66.0%).

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Effective Microorganisms (EM4) on health of Layers

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, Sep 1, 2000

Commercial laying hens (Babcock) 174-weeks-old, were given feed containing 1, 2 and 3% EM 4 for a... more Commercial laying hens (Babcock) 174-weeks-old, were given feed containing 1, 2 and 3% EM 4 for a period of 12 weeks. EM 4 did not influence live body weight. Egg production was greater in birds given feed containing 1 and 2% EM 4 but lower in birds given feed containing 3% EM 4 than the control birds. Blood glucose was significantly lesser in birds given feed containing 3% EM 4 than the control (p<0.05). Serum phosphorus was significantly lesser in birds given feed containing 3% EM 4 than the control birds (p<0.01). Serum total proteins, serum albumin, serum globulins, serum total lipids and serum cholesterol were not influenced significantly with the EM 4 treatment. The study suggests that EM 4 is a safe product for laying birds it increases egg production when mixed in feed.

Research paper thumbnail of Production performance in spent layers fed rations with different levels of sodium bicarbonate

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Reproduction and Abundance of House Shrew (Suncus Murinus) in Villages Andfarm Houses of Central Punjab (Pakistan)

Research paper thumbnail of Production Performance and Egg Quality of Spent Layers Fed Rations Containing Different Levels of Effective Microbes (EM4)

Research paper thumbnail of Rodents as Reserviors of Babesiosis in Urban Areas of Lahore

Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2011

Babesiosis was recorded in 2.3 percent of the rodents in the Lahore-the second most populated cit... more Babesiosis was recorded in 2.3 percent of the rodents in the Lahore-the second most populated city of Pakistan and the capital of Punjab. The highest prevalence was recorded during the August at all the four structures sampled for rats and mice. It was 8.7 percent at Residential houses (RH) 10.7 percent at flour mills (FM) and fruit/vegetable shops (F/VS), and 6.7 percent at departmental stores and grocery shops (DS/GS). Inter-structure variation in the prevalence rate was statistically non-significant. Rodents captured from November to April had no infection. Sex-wise infection rate was statistically different in all the structures. Infection rate was higher in mice (2.4 percent) than rats (2.3 percent) but the difference was non-significant. Findings suggest that infected rodents may become a general health hazard and suitable measures required to eradicate them.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the effects of the mating sex ratios on reproductive performance of Indian peafowl, Pavo cristatus

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of peacock-peahen ratios on egg production, fertili... more This study was conducted to evaluate the role of peacock-peahen ratios on egg production, fertility and hatchability in Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) in a Wildlife Park to explore most productive mating sex ratio for a period of 16 weeks. A total of 42 birds (12♂ & 30♀) was selected for the study and kept in 12 cages. The sex ratios maintained were 1♂: 1♀ (Group A), 1♂: 2♀ (Group B), 1♂: 3♀ (Group C) and 1♂: 4♀ (Group D). Each group had three replicates. The birds were randomly released into twelve cages with each cage contained one sex ratio. Before data collection, the birds were given an adaptation period of one week. Peacock-peahen ratio (1♂: 3♀) exhibited significant effect (P<.0.05) on mean egg production (1.78±0.14), egg weight (98.21g±7.02), egg fertility (81.25%±6.28), hatchability (61.95%±1.00) and mounting numbers (2.66+0.09). Whereas, the mean display duration, display number, mounting duration and total time taken for mating were not affected by any peacock-peahen ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Feed Texture on Growth Performance, Dressing Percentage and Organ Weight of Broilers

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013

Comparative efficacy of two important forms of feed, mash and crumbles, fed alone or in combinati... more Comparative efficacy of two important forms of feed, mash and crumbles, fed alone or in combination (mash-crumbs), was studied on growth performance, dressing percentage and organ weight of broilers. One hundred twenty broiler chicks were used in the present study and were fed mash, crumbles and mash-crumbs feed for 0-6 weeks of age. Four treatments, designated as A, B, C and D were used in this experiment. Chicks in group A were kept on mash feeding serving as control and those in group B were offered crumbles. Group C was fed mash from day old to two weeks and crumbles from three to six weeks of age while group D was offered mash from day old to four weeks and then crumbles were fed for next two weeks of age. The results of the experiment showed that different forms of feed exhibited significant (P<0.05) effect on overall weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the broilers. Whereas, feed consumption, dressing percentage and relative weights of liver, heart, gizzard, spl...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of mating sex ratios in Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) on production performance at Wildlife Research Institute, Faisalabad (Pakistan)

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 2012

Summary Effects of mating sex ratios on production performance in Indian peafowl were investigate... more Summary Effects of mating sex ratios on production performance in Indian peafowl were investigated at Punjab Wildlife Research Institute, Gatwala Faisalabad. Research was conducted from May through August 2007 to explore the most productive mating sex ratio. The sex ratios have a significant effect on egg production. Maximum mean eggs (1.63) were produced by the sex ratio 1:2 while maximum egg fertility (79.63%) and hatchability (61.59%) was noted in the sex ratio 1:3. Sex ratios had a significant effect on egg weight. Sex ratios have shown no effect (except number of mountings) on courtship behavior of peafowl. Statistically less feed was consumed by sex ratio 1:3 and better feed conversion was shown by sex ratio 1:1.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of various dietaryprotein levels on haematology and blood biochemistry of Japanese quail

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2015

Protein is very crucial for growth of birds.Blood parameters are used as indicator for diagnosis ... more Protein is very crucial for growth of birds.Blood parameters are used as indicator for diagnosis of diseases. Haematological values also reflect the levels of stresses due to nutritional and environmental factors. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various dietary protein levels on haematological and blood biochemistry values in different close bred flocks of Japanese quail. One thousand and eighty, day-old chicks from four different close bred flocks comprising 270 chicks having 135 of each separate sex (♂ and ♀) were divided into 3 subgroups assigning 3 different protein levels (21, 23, 25%) having 3 replicates comprising 15 birds each. From 4th week onward 72 birds (randomly picking one bird from each replicate) were slaughtered at the end of each week. The blood samples were collected in the tubes from the jugler vein by slaughtering the birds. The blood was analysed following standard procedure to study the haematological and blood biochemistry. The results showed that strains of Japanese quail did not differ significantly in haematological parameters andblood cholesterol level from 4 th to 6 th week in both sexes. However, strains differ in total protein, albumin and globulin content in blood. Dietary protein level significantly affected most of haematological and biochemical parameters of blood. Highest protein level (25%) showed best performance in all the parameters except hemoglobin and cholesterol level. It is concluded that 25% protein level in feed is best for rearing of Japanese quail for meat purpose in tropics.

Research paper thumbnail of Food Preference of the Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus) and Barn Owl (Tyto alba) at Usta Muhammad, Baluchistan, Pakistan

Turkish Journal of Zoology, 2007

The dominant food-items eaten by the short-eared owl were rats and mice (91.9%). Shrews (2.0%), b... more The dominant food-items eaten by the short-eared owl were rats and mice (91.9%). Shrews (2.0%), bats (1.3%), and birds (5.0%) jointly constituted only 8.2% of the owl's diet. Among rats and mice, the most intensively consumed rodent pest by the owl was Millardia meltada (43.9%), followed by Mus musculus (29.8%), Tatera indica (16.3%), and Bandicota bengalensis (1.8%). In the case of the barn owl, rats and mice represented 9.7% of their diet, followed by shrews (4.7%), birds (3.3%), and bats (0.4%). Among the rats and mice in their diet were M. meltada (46.3%), T. indica (3.5%), Nesokia indica (5.1%), B. bengalensis (2.2%), Rattus rattus (1.1%), and M. musculus (33.5%). Sub-adults of M. meltada were the most intensively eaten food item by the short-eared owl (50.8%) and barn owl (39.1%), whereas adults of M. musculus were the dominant prey age- category consumed by the short-eared owl (52.2%) and barn owl (66.0%).

Research paper thumbnail of Diet of the little spotted owl (Athene brama) from Faisalabad and Sheikhupura, Pakistan

Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 2003

Four hundred and fifty two pellets of little spotted owl were collected from College campus, Fais... more Four hundred and fifty two pellets of little spotted owl were collected from College campus, Faisalabad, whereas 551 pellets of the owl were collected from the fields near a village in Sheikhupura. The most dominant food item eaten by the little spotted owl from Faisalabad study area were the small mammals (47.36 %) viz., Mus musculus (45.28 %), Suncus murinus (1.89 %), Rattus rattus (0.19 %) followed by insects (41.70 %) viz., Coleoptera (31.13 %), Hymenoptera (4.53 %), Orthoptera (2.26 %), Dermaptera (3.77 %). The remains of mollusc shells (0.57 %), amphibians (6.04 %), birds (2.08 %) and egg shells (2.26 %) were also found in the pellets of the Faisalabad owl. In Sheikhupura study area the most dominant prey item found in the pellets of the little spotted owl was the insects (63.68 %) viz., Coleoptera (50.49 %), Dermaptera (10.44 %), Hemiptera (0.62 %), Hymenoptera (1.24 %), Orthoptera (0.99 %). The second most abundant food item eaten by the owl were the small mammals (32.71 %) ...

Research paper thumbnail of Population trend of the black coot (Fulica atra) in the Punjab, Pakistan during 1989 through 2008

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2011

The Black Coot (Fulica atra) was studied at Head Qadirabad, Head Marala, Head Rasul, Chashma Barr... more The Black Coot (Fulica atra) was studied at Head Qadirabad, Head Marala, Head Rasul, Chashma Barrage, Taunsa Barrage and Patisar Lake from 1989 through 2008 during midwinter (January) each year. In total 852,758 coots were counted. The maximum population of coots was recorded during 1989 at Chashma Barrage, whereas the minimum population was recorded during 2008 at Head Marala. Overall 92% population was declined at six sites together in twenty years while locality wise, the highest decline was 99% at Patisar Lake followed by 93%, 88%, 80%, and 70% for Chashma, Head Rasool, Taunsa, and Head Qadirabad respectively. Illegal hunting and netting of coot, habitat degradation due to livestock grazing, cutting of aquatic vegetation, use of land for agricultural purposes, and shortage of water at wetlands were the major threats for population decline. There is an urgent need to protect and conserve this innocent species through management planning of these important wetlands.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Toxicity of Some New Chemistry Insecticides on Chrysoperla Carnea (Stephens) Under Laboratory Conditions

In a study conducted at Entomological Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad Pakistan comparative t... more In a study conducted at Entomological Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad Pakistan comparative toxicity of some new chemistry insecticides viz. spinosad 240 SC, lufenuron 5 EC; flubendiamide 480 SC, chlorantraniliprole 2.0 SC, emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC, chlorpyrifos 40 EC, and deltamethrin 2.5 EC @ 1920,1000, 1440, 100, 38, 4000 and 62.5 ppm, respectively was tested on different larval stages of Chrysoperla carnea in toxicology laboratory during 22 April to 6 June, 2011 at 27± 1 o C and 65 ± 5% RH. The observations on percent mortality of 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd instar of C. carnea larvae were recorded after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours of application. The results showed that deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos were found toxic to all instars of C. carnea at all treatment intervals with mortality ranging from 40 to 96 and 32 to 92, respectively. The application of flubendiamide proved to be comparatively safer with 8 to 16 percent mortality of 1 st larval stage of C. carnea at all intervals ex...

Research paper thumbnail of Post-moult egg quality of commercial layers induced to moult under various fasting and feeding regimes

Acta Veterinaria-beograd, 2000

... REFERENCES 1. Akram, M. , Khan, AA , Mushtaq-ul-Hassan, M. , Rafique, J. , Akhtar, S. andRizv... more ... REFERENCES 1. Akram, M. , Khan, AA , Mushtaq-ul-Hassan, M. , Rafique, J. , Akhtar, S. andRizvi, F. 1997. ... MUHAMMAD MUSHTAQ-UL-HASSAN, MUHAMMAD AKRAM, SYED TASSAWER HUSSAIN SHAH, RAFIA FIRDOUS I RASHID AHMAD SADRZAJ ...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Toxicity of Some New Insecticides against Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammitidae)

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2012

Toxicity of some new insecticides viz., spinosad, lufenuron, flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, ... more Toxicity of some new insecticides viz., spinosad, lufenuron, flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid were tested against immature and adult stages of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammitidae) under laboratory conditions. Exposure of spinosad to T. chilonis resulted in the lowest emergence at all the parasitism situations. The application of emamectin benzoate and lufenuron after 1 st day parasitism, imidacloprid, emamectin benzoate and lufenuron after 3 rd day parasitism, imidacloprid, emamectin benzoate, flubendiamide and lufenuron after 4, 5 and 7 days of parasitism, respectively showed minimum effect on the emergence of T. chilonis and were found to be safe to the parasitoid. After 8-days parasitism, chlorantraniliprole resulted in maximum emergence of T. chilonis and did not show significant difference with lufenuron and emamectin benzoate. Chlorantraniliprole showed maximum survival (42%) and did not differ significantly with...

Research paper thumbnail of A ten year survey of waterflow (Aves) of patisar lake at Bahawalpur, Pakistan (1996-2005)

Patisar Lake was surveyed for waterfowl population from 1996 through 2005 during mid-winter (Janu... more Patisar Lake was surveyed for waterfowl population from 1996 through 2005 during mid-winter (January) each year. Ten thousand one hundred forty two waterfowls belonging to six orders viz., (1) Podicipediformes (Family: Podicipedidae; Tachybaptus ruficollis),(2) Pelecaniformes (Family: Phalacrocoridae; Phalacrocorax niger; P. carbo; Family; Anhingidae, Anhinga melanogaster), (3) Ciconiiformes (Family: Ardeidae, Ardea cinerea, A. purpurea, Ardeola grayii, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta alba, E. garzetta, E. intermedia), (4) Anseriformes (Family: Anatidae; Anas acuta, A. crecca, A. platyrhynchos, A. strepera, A. penelope, A. clypeata, Aythya ferina, A. fuligula, A. nyroca), (5) Gruiformes (Family: Rallidae: Fulica atra, Porphyrio porphyrio, Gallinula chloropus) and (6) Charadriiformes (Family: Recurvirostridae, Himantopus himantopus; Family: Charadridae, Vanellus indicus, V vanellus, V. leucurus, Charadrius dubius; Family: Scolopacidae, Tringa tetanus, T. nebularia, Actitis hypoleucus; Family:...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the effects of the mating sex ratios on reproductive performance of Indian peafowl, Pavo cristatus

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of peacock-peahen ratios on egg production, fertili... more This study was conducted to evaluate the role of peacock-peahen ratios on egg production, fertility and hatchability in Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) in a Wildlife Park to explore most productive mating sex ratio for a period of 16 weeks. A total of 42 birds (12♂ & 30♀) was selected for the study and kept in 12 cages. The sex ratios maintained were 1♂: 1♀ (Group A), 1♂: 2♀ (Group B), 1♂: 3♀ (Group C) and 1♂: 4♀ (Group D). Each group had three replicates. The birds were randomly released into twelve cages with each cage contained one sex ratio. Before data collection, the birds were given an adaptation period of one week. Peacock-peahen ratio (1♂: 3♀) exhibited significant effect (P<.0.05) on mean egg production (1.78±0.14), egg weight (98.21g±7.02), egg fertility (81.25%±6.28), hatchability (61.95%±1.00) and mounting numbers (2.66+0.09). Whereas, the mean display duration, display number, mounting duration and total time taken for mating were not affected by any peacock-peahen mating ratio. Maximum number of eggs were produced having mating sex ratio 1:3 in terms of egg production, egg weight, egg fertility (%), hatchability (%) and number of mating.

Research paper thumbnail of Post-moult egg quality of commercial layers induced to moult under various fasting and feeding regimes

Acta Veterinaria-beograd, 2000

The present work was conducted to determine the effect of various fasting and feeding regimes dur... more The present work was conducted to determine the effect of various fasting and feeding regimes during moulting on post-moult egg quality characteristics of commercial layers.This experiment was carried out on 180 commercial (Babcock) egg-laying hens available at the age of 122 weeks during the second production cycle after the first moult induction. The birds were kept in single deck type cages comprising 18 experimental units of 10 birds each, that had previously been assigned to six treatment groups having three (5, 10, 15 days) fasting regimes x two (once-a-day and skip a day) feeding regimes in a factorial arrangement with three replications each. During the experimental period each bird was served with 0.80 kg layer mash weekly. A total of 18 randomly selected eggs (one egg per experimental unit) taken every week were used for the study of egg quality i.e. egg weight (g) , shell thickness (mm) , Haugh unit values and yolk index. The fasting and teedii ,9 regimes applied during the induced moult did not show any significant effect on post-moult egg weight, shell thicknes, or yolk index. However, the differences in post-moult Haugh unit values in layers induced to moult under various fasting regimes and their interaction with feeding regimes were statistically significant, whereas, feeding regimes did not influence the mean Haugh unit values.

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibiting Rodent Depredations. 11.DISTRIBUTION and Abundance of Rats and Mice in a Wheat-Sugarcane Based Cropland

This study was extended from June, 1992 through June, 1993 in a lOO-acre study block of wheat-ric... more This study was extended from June, 1992 through June, 1993 in a lOO-acre study block of wheat-rice based cropland near Alipur Chatta (Punjab) in which multiple-cropping was being practised. The block was found to be infested with three species of rodents viz. the lesser bandicoot rat, the soft-furred field rat, and the house mouse. The rodent populations, which generally ceased to breed during the winter season, were forced to move from one crop to another following their harvesting at different times of the year. Consequently, the pest populations dispersed and then concentrated in certain fields where they could be easily destroyed using an appropriate rodenticide. Should these concentrations in the vegetable, fodder, and sugarcane fields (which cover less than 18% of the total area of the study block) be destroyed in June and, if necessary, in October, the rodent depredations in the rice, wheat and other crops will be greatly minimized at a low cost with a little ecological disturbance.

Research paper thumbnail of Food Preference of the Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus) and Barn Owl (Tyto alba) at Usta Muhammad, Baluchistan, Pakistan

Turkish Journal of Zoology, Mar 14, 2007

The dominant food-items eaten by the short-eared owl were rats and mice (91.9%). Shrews (2.0%), b... more The dominant food-items eaten by the short-eared owl were rats and mice (91.9%). Shrews (2.0%), bats (1.3%), and birds (5.0%) jointly constituted only 8.2% of the owl's diet. Among rats and mice, the most intensively consumed rodent pest by the owl was Millardia meltada (43.9%), followed by Mus musculus (29.8%), Tatera indica (16.3%), and Bandicota bengalensis (1.8%). In the case of the barn owl, rats and mice represented 9.7% of their diet, followed by shrews (4.7%), birds (3.3%), and bats (0.4%). Among the rats and mice in their diet were M. meltada (46.3%), T. indica (3.5%), Nesokia indica (5.1%), B. bengalensis (2.2%), Rattus rattus (1.1%), and M. musculus (33.5%). Sub-adults of M. meltada were the most intensively eaten food item by the short-eared owl (50.8%) and barn owl (39.1%), whereas adults of M. musculus were the dominant prey agecategory consumed by the short-eared owl (52.2%) and barn owl (66.0%).

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Effective Microorganisms (EM4) on health of Layers

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, Sep 1, 2000

Commercial laying hens (Babcock) 174-weeks-old, were given feed containing 1, 2 and 3% EM 4 for a... more Commercial laying hens (Babcock) 174-weeks-old, were given feed containing 1, 2 and 3% EM 4 for a period of 12 weeks. EM 4 did not influence live body weight. Egg production was greater in birds given feed containing 1 and 2% EM 4 but lower in birds given feed containing 3% EM 4 than the control birds. Blood glucose was significantly lesser in birds given feed containing 3% EM 4 than the control (p<0.05). Serum phosphorus was significantly lesser in birds given feed containing 3% EM 4 than the control birds (p<0.01). Serum total proteins, serum albumin, serum globulins, serum total lipids and serum cholesterol were not influenced significantly with the EM 4 treatment. The study suggests that EM 4 is a safe product for laying birds it increases egg production when mixed in feed.

Research paper thumbnail of Production performance in spent layers fed rations with different levels of sodium bicarbonate

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Reproduction and Abundance of House Shrew (Suncus Murinus) in Villages Andfarm Houses of Central Punjab (Pakistan)

Research paper thumbnail of Production Performance and Egg Quality of Spent Layers Fed Rations Containing Different Levels of Effective Microbes (EM4)

Research paper thumbnail of Rodents as Reserviors of Babesiosis in Urban Areas of Lahore

Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2011

Babesiosis was recorded in 2.3 percent of the rodents in the Lahore-the second most populated cit... more Babesiosis was recorded in 2.3 percent of the rodents in the Lahore-the second most populated city of Pakistan and the capital of Punjab. The highest prevalence was recorded during the August at all the four structures sampled for rats and mice. It was 8.7 percent at Residential houses (RH) 10.7 percent at flour mills (FM) and fruit/vegetable shops (F/VS), and 6.7 percent at departmental stores and grocery shops (DS/GS). Inter-structure variation in the prevalence rate was statistically non-significant. Rodents captured from November to April had no infection. Sex-wise infection rate was statistically different in all the structures. Infection rate was higher in mice (2.4 percent) than rats (2.3 percent) but the difference was non-significant. Findings suggest that infected rodents may become a general health hazard and suitable measures required to eradicate them.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the effects of the mating sex ratios on reproductive performance of Indian peafowl, Pavo cristatus

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of peacock-peahen ratios on egg production, fertili... more This study was conducted to evaluate the role of peacock-peahen ratios on egg production, fertility and hatchability in Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) in a Wildlife Park to explore most productive mating sex ratio for a period of 16 weeks. A total of 42 birds (12♂ & 30♀) was selected for the study and kept in 12 cages. The sex ratios maintained were 1♂: 1♀ (Group A), 1♂: 2♀ (Group B), 1♂: 3♀ (Group C) and 1♂: 4♀ (Group D). Each group had three replicates. The birds were randomly released into twelve cages with each cage contained one sex ratio. Before data collection, the birds were given an adaptation period of one week. Peacock-peahen ratio (1♂: 3♀) exhibited significant effect (P<.0.05) on mean egg production (1.78±0.14), egg weight (98.21g±7.02), egg fertility (81.25%±6.28), hatchability (61.95%±1.00) and mounting numbers (2.66+0.09). Whereas, the mean display duration, display number, mounting duration and total time taken for mating were not affected by any peacock-peahen ...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Feed Texture on Growth Performance, Dressing Percentage and Organ Weight of Broilers

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013

Comparative efficacy of two important forms of feed, mash and crumbles, fed alone or in combinati... more Comparative efficacy of two important forms of feed, mash and crumbles, fed alone or in combination (mash-crumbs), was studied on growth performance, dressing percentage and organ weight of broilers. One hundred twenty broiler chicks were used in the present study and were fed mash, crumbles and mash-crumbs feed for 0-6 weeks of age. Four treatments, designated as A, B, C and D were used in this experiment. Chicks in group A were kept on mash feeding serving as control and those in group B were offered crumbles. Group C was fed mash from day old to two weeks and crumbles from three to six weeks of age while group D was offered mash from day old to four weeks and then crumbles were fed for next two weeks of age. The results of the experiment showed that different forms of feed exhibited significant (P<0.05) effect on overall weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the broilers. Whereas, feed consumption, dressing percentage and relative weights of liver, heart, gizzard, spl...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of mating sex ratios in Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) on production performance at Wildlife Research Institute, Faisalabad (Pakistan)

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 2012

Summary Effects of mating sex ratios on production performance in Indian peafowl were investigate... more Summary Effects of mating sex ratios on production performance in Indian peafowl were investigated at Punjab Wildlife Research Institute, Gatwala Faisalabad. Research was conducted from May through August 2007 to explore the most productive mating sex ratio. The sex ratios have a significant effect on egg production. Maximum mean eggs (1.63) were produced by the sex ratio 1:2 while maximum egg fertility (79.63%) and hatchability (61.59%) was noted in the sex ratio 1:3. Sex ratios had a significant effect on egg weight. Sex ratios have shown no effect (except number of mountings) on courtship behavior of peafowl. Statistically less feed was consumed by sex ratio 1:3 and better feed conversion was shown by sex ratio 1:1.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of various dietaryprotein levels on haematology and blood biochemistry of Japanese quail

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2015

Protein is very crucial for growth of birds.Blood parameters are used as indicator for diagnosis ... more Protein is very crucial for growth of birds.Blood parameters are used as indicator for diagnosis of diseases. Haematological values also reflect the levels of stresses due to nutritional and environmental factors. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various dietary protein levels on haematological and blood biochemistry values in different close bred flocks of Japanese quail. One thousand and eighty, day-old chicks from four different close bred flocks comprising 270 chicks having 135 of each separate sex (♂ and ♀) were divided into 3 subgroups assigning 3 different protein levels (21, 23, 25%) having 3 replicates comprising 15 birds each. From 4th week onward 72 birds (randomly picking one bird from each replicate) were slaughtered at the end of each week. The blood samples were collected in the tubes from the jugler vein by slaughtering the birds. The blood was analysed following standard procedure to study the haematological and blood biochemistry. The results showed that strains of Japanese quail did not differ significantly in haematological parameters andblood cholesterol level from 4 th to 6 th week in both sexes. However, strains differ in total protein, albumin and globulin content in blood. Dietary protein level significantly affected most of haematological and biochemical parameters of blood. Highest protein level (25%) showed best performance in all the parameters except hemoglobin and cholesterol level. It is concluded that 25% protein level in feed is best for rearing of Japanese quail for meat purpose in tropics.

Research paper thumbnail of Food Preference of the Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus) and Barn Owl (Tyto alba) at Usta Muhammad, Baluchistan, Pakistan

Turkish Journal of Zoology, 2007

The dominant food-items eaten by the short-eared owl were rats and mice (91.9%). Shrews (2.0%), b... more The dominant food-items eaten by the short-eared owl were rats and mice (91.9%). Shrews (2.0%), bats (1.3%), and birds (5.0%) jointly constituted only 8.2% of the owl's diet. Among rats and mice, the most intensively consumed rodent pest by the owl was Millardia meltada (43.9%), followed by Mus musculus (29.8%), Tatera indica (16.3%), and Bandicota bengalensis (1.8%). In the case of the barn owl, rats and mice represented 9.7% of their diet, followed by shrews (4.7%), birds (3.3%), and bats (0.4%). Among the rats and mice in their diet were M. meltada (46.3%), T. indica (3.5%), Nesokia indica (5.1%), B. bengalensis (2.2%), Rattus rattus (1.1%), and M. musculus (33.5%). Sub-adults of M. meltada were the most intensively eaten food item by the short-eared owl (50.8%) and barn owl (39.1%), whereas adults of M. musculus were the dominant prey age- category consumed by the short-eared owl (52.2%) and barn owl (66.0%).

Research paper thumbnail of Diet of the little spotted owl (Athene brama) from Faisalabad and Sheikhupura, Pakistan

Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 2003

Four hundred and fifty two pellets of little spotted owl were collected from College campus, Fais... more Four hundred and fifty two pellets of little spotted owl were collected from College campus, Faisalabad, whereas 551 pellets of the owl were collected from the fields near a village in Sheikhupura. The most dominant food item eaten by the little spotted owl from Faisalabad study area were the small mammals (47.36 %) viz., Mus musculus (45.28 %), Suncus murinus (1.89 %), Rattus rattus (0.19 %) followed by insects (41.70 %) viz., Coleoptera (31.13 %), Hymenoptera (4.53 %), Orthoptera (2.26 %), Dermaptera (3.77 %). The remains of mollusc shells (0.57 %), amphibians (6.04 %), birds (2.08 %) and egg shells (2.26 %) were also found in the pellets of the Faisalabad owl. In Sheikhupura study area the most dominant prey item found in the pellets of the little spotted owl was the insects (63.68 %) viz., Coleoptera (50.49 %), Dermaptera (10.44 %), Hemiptera (0.62 %), Hymenoptera (1.24 %), Orthoptera (0.99 %). The second most abundant food item eaten by the owl were the small mammals (32.71 %) ...

Research paper thumbnail of Population trend of the black coot (Fulica atra) in the Punjab, Pakistan during 1989 through 2008

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2011

The Black Coot (Fulica atra) was studied at Head Qadirabad, Head Marala, Head Rasul, Chashma Barr... more The Black Coot (Fulica atra) was studied at Head Qadirabad, Head Marala, Head Rasul, Chashma Barrage, Taunsa Barrage and Patisar Lake from 1989 through 2008 during midwinter (January) each year. In total 852,758 coots were counted. The maximum population of coots was recorded during 1989 at Chashma Barrage, whereas the minimum population was recorded during 2008 at Head Marala. Overall 92% population was declined at six sites together in twenty years while locality wise, the highest decline was 99% at Patisar Lake followed by 93%, 88%, 80%, and 70% for Chashma, Head Rasool, Taunsa, and Head Qadirabad respectively. Illegal hunting and netting of coot, habitat degradation due to livestock grazing, cutting of aquatic vegetation, use of land for agricultural purposes, and shortage of water at wetlands were the major threats for population decline. There is an urgent need to protect and conserve this innocent species through management planning of these important wetlands.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Toxicity of Some New Chemistry Insecticides on Chrysoperla Carnea (Stephens) Under Laboratory Conditions

In a study conducted at Entomological Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad Pakistan comparative t... more In a study conducted at Entomological Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad Pakistan comparative toxicity of some new chemistry insecticides viz. spinosad 240 SC, lufenuron 5 EC; flubendiamide 480 SC, chlorantraniliprole 2.0 SC, emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC, chlorpyrifos 40 EC, and deltamethrin 2.5 EC @ 1920,1000, 1440, 100, 38, 4000 and 62.5 ppm, respectively was tested on different larval stages of Chrysoperla carnea in toxicology laboratory during 22 April to 6 June, 2011 at 27± 1 o C and 65 ± 5% RH. The observations on percent mortality of 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd instar of C. carnea larvae were recorded after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours of application. The results showed that deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos were found toxic to all instars of C. carnea at all treatment intervals with mortality ranging from 40 to 96 and 32 to 92, respectively. The application of flubendiamide proved to be comparatively safer with 8 to 16 percent mortality of 1 st larval stage of C. carnea at all intervals ex...

Research paper thumbnail of Post-moult egg quality of commercial layers induced to moult under various fasting and feeding regimes

Acta Veterinaria-beograd, 2000

... REFERENCES 1. Akram, M. , Khan, AA , Mushtaq-ul-Hassan, M. , Rafique, J. , Akhtar, S. andRizv... more ... REFERENCES 1. Akram, M. , Khan, AA , Mushtaq-ul-Hassan, M. , Rafique, J. , Akhtar, S. andRizvi, F. 1997. ... MUHAMMAD MUSHTAQ-UL-HASSAN, MUHAMMAD AKRAM, SYED TASSAWER HUSSAIN SHAH, RAFIA FIRDOUS I RASHID AHMAD SADRZAJ ...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Toxicity of Some New Insecticides against Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammitidae)

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2012

Toxicity of some new insecticides viz., spinosad, lufenuron, flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, ... more Toxicity of some new insecticides viz., spinosad, lufenuron, flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid were tested against immature and adult stages of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammitidae) under laboratory conditions. Exposure of spinosad to T. chilonis resulted in the lowest emergence at all the parasitism situations. The application of emamectin benzoate and lufenuron after 1 st day parasitism, imidacloprid, emamectin benzoate and lufenuron after 3 rd day parasitism, imidacloprid, emamectin benzoate, flubendiamide and lufenuron after 4, 5 and 7 days of parasitism, respectively showed minimum effect on the emergence of T. chilonis and were found to be safe to the parasitoid. After 8-days parasitism, chlorantraniliprole resulted in maximum emergence of T. chilonis and did not show significant difference with lufenuron and emamectin benzoate. Chlorantraniliprole showed maximum survival (42%) and did not differ significantly with...

Research paper thumbnail of A ten year survey of waterflow (Aves) of patisar lake at Bahawalpur, Pakistan (1996-2005)

Patisar Lake was surveyed for waterfowl population from 1996 through 2005 during mid-winter (Janu... more Patisar Lake was surveyed for waterfowl population from 1996 through 2005 during mid-winter (January) each year. Ten thousand one hundred forty two waterfowls belonging to six orders viz., (1) Podicipediformes (Family: Podicipedidae; Tachybaptus ruficollis),(2) Pelecaniformes (Family: Phalacrocoridae; Phalacrocorax niger; P. carbo; Family; Anhingidae, Anhinga melanogaster), (3) Ciconiiformes (Family: Ardeidae, Ardea cinerea, A. purpurea, Ardeola grayii, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta alba, E. garzetta, E. intermedia), (4) Anseriformes (Family: Anatidae; Anas acuta, A. crecca, A. platyrhynchos, A. strepera, A. penelope, A. clypeata, Aythya ferina, A. fuligula, A. nyroca), (5) Gruiformes (Family: Rallidae: Fulica atra, Porphyrio porphyrio, Gallinula chloropus) and (6) Charadriiformes (Family: Recurvirostridae, Himantopus himantopus; Family: Charadridae, Vanellus indicus, V vanellus, V. leucurus, Charadrius dubius; Family: Scolopacidae, Tringa tetanus, T. nebularia, Actitis hypoleucus; Family:...