Muhammad Tariq - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Muhammad Tariq
Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Modeling, 2021
In this present case, we focus and explore the idea of a new family of convex function namely exp... more In this present case, we focus and explore the idea of a new family of convex function namely exponentialtype m–convex functions. To support this newly introduced idea, we elaborate some of its nice algebraicproperties. Employing this, we investigate the novel version of Hermite–Hadamard type integral inequality.Furthermore, to enhance the paper, we present several new refinements of Hermite–Hadamard (H−H) inequality.Further, in the manner of this newly introduced idea, we investigate some applications of specialmeans. These new results yield us some generalizations of the prior results in the literature. We believe, themethodology investigated in this paper will further inspire intrigued researchers.
Mango mealybug (Drosicha mangiferae) is a polyphagous insect, which has been recorded to feed on ... more Mango mealybug (Drosicha mangiferae) is a polyphagous insect, which has been recorded to feed on large number of plant species. Insecticides are considered to be the rapid method for the control of insect pests to overcome losses. In the current study, five different insecticides i-e Chlorpyriphos, Lambda cyalothrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin and profenophos were evaluated against adult female of mango mealy bug using a leaf dip method. The data were recorded after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120h. The Results indicated that profenophos was the most effective insecticide against adult female mealybug. Chloropyrifos was least effective among all the tested insecticides in the laboratory. INTRODUCTION Mango, Mangifera indica L., is one of the most important fruit trees in Pakistan and is now eaten worldwide. It is also known as " king of fruits " [1]. It is rich source of carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals [2]. It is the 2 nd major fruit crop of Pakistan and stands at 5 th place in ...
In this study, adsorption of Cu and Zn onto Ficus Religiosa has been investigated. Experimental d... more In this study, adsorption of Cu and Zn onto Ficus Religiosa has been investigated. Experimental data have been studied by Five two-parameter models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Stephan Brunauer, Paul Emmett, and Edward Teller (BET), Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich), Five three-parameters (Redlich–Peterson, Sips, Toth ,Koble-Corrigan, Radke-Prausnitz) and four kinetic models (Pseudo first order, pseudo second order, the Elovich Kinetic and Weber Morris (Interaparticle diffusion) Kinetic Model. In this study, six non linear error functions (Coefficient of Determination, Sum Squares Errors, Mean Square Error, Root Mean Square Error, Sum of the Absolute Error, Average Relative Error) were examined in order to identify the best adsorption isotherm and kinetic models for Cu and Zn adsorption on Ficus Religiosa. From the results it is concluded from the results that three parameters isotherms shows the better fit of the given experimental data as compared to the two parameter isotherms. Among two p...
Education for health (Abingdon, England), 2011
Medical education is a continuously evolving field. Training institutes and programs should have ... more Medical education is a continuously evolving field. Training institutes and programs should have a process in place to gather continuous feedback and then make appropriate modifications in order to provide education and training effectively. Our study aimed to assess the effect of a quality improvement cycle approach in using various educational interventions within a residency. Effects were measured on the key educational outcomes of residents; medical knowledge, skills and professional attitudes using results of postgraduate examination with both written and clinical skills components. A number of educational interventions were implemented which included changes in work hours with increased time for self-study, new educational activities including a Residents Hour, a Residents Slide Session, Grand Rounds and Journal Clubs, Clinico-pathological conferences, and a two- week postgraduate course for senior residents. Newer and improved assessment tools were also implemented, including...
A case report of an elderly gentleman is reported herein, who presented with one week history of ... more A case report of an elderly gentleman is reported herein, who presented with one week history of fever, drowsiness and left lower limb weakness. Examination revealed left lower limb weakness with power of grade 3/5. His workup showed evidence of infection and multiple cerebral infarcts on the right side. Blood culture grew Streptococcus pyogens. Echocardiogram showed two vegetations on the
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2015
Methyl esters from vegetable oils have attracted a great deal of interest as substitute for petro... more Methyl esters from vegetable oils have attracted a great deal of interest as substitute for petrodiesel to reduce dependence on imported petroleum and provide an alternate and sustainable source for fuel with more benign environmental properties. In the present study biodiesel was prepared from sunflower seed oil by transesterification by alkali-catalyzed methanolysis. The fuel properties of sunflower oil biodiesel were determined and discussed in the light of ASTM D6751 standards for biodiesel. The sunflower oil biodiesel was chemically characterized with analytical techniques like FT-IR, and NMR (1 H and 13 C). The chemical composition of sunflower oil biodiesel was determined by GC-MS. Various fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were identified by retention time data and verified by mass fragmentation patterns. The percentage conversion of triglycerides to the corresponding methyl esters determined by 1 H NMR was 87.33% which was quite in good agreement with the practically observed yield of 85.1%.
2010 IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference - Fall, 2010
Abstract Mobile Sensor Networks (MSN) are used for network load balancing, prolonging network lif... more Abstract Mobile Sensor Networks (MSN) are used for network load balancing, prolonging network lifetime, and improving network coverage by monitoring critical areas where manual sensor deployment cannot be performed. Addressing the problem of how to achieve ...
GBM Annual Spring meeting Mosbach 2009, 2009
Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2012
This is a case report of a patient who presented to the Aga Khan University Hospital with general... more This is a case report of a patient who presented to the Aga Khan University Hospital with generalized abdominal lymphadenopathy and high-grade fever. Due to ambiguous clinical findings, which were suggestive of either abdominal tuberculosis, or a lymphoma, the patient was started on empirical anti-tuberculous treatment due to the endemicity of tuberculosis in this region. The blood culture reports, however, were reported to grow colonies of Salmonella paratyphi A; thus the diagnosis of the patient was changed to enteric fever, and the patient improved on the subsequently started therapy of ceftriaxone 2,000 mg bid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient suffering from enteric fever whose primary clinical findings were abdominal lymphadenopathy and fever.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2014
To evaluate the surgical outcome of tubularised incised plate urethroplasty and onlay island flap... more To evaluate the surgical outcome of tubularised incised plate urethroplasty and onlay island flap repair for mid and proximal penile hypospadias. The prospective study was conducted at the Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from June 2011 to May 2013. A total of 60 patients with mid and proximal penile hypospadias in the age range of 02 to 06 years were included. Patients with hypospadias other than mid and proximal penile, with chordee and history of previous hypospadias repair were excluded. Patients were divided into two equal groups. Urethroplasty was done for group I and flap repair for group II. The follow-up period was 12-24 months. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. The mean duration of surgery was 62 +/- 8.72 minutes for group I and 90 +/- 11.25 minutes for group II (p < 0.0001). In group I, only 03 (10.0%) patients had complications, while in group II, 09 (30.0%) patients developed complications (p = 0.02). Cosmetic results were also excellent in group I comp...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2006
To determine the effectiveness of hospital management, considering triage system, hospital staff ... more To determine the effectiveness of hospital management, considering triage system, hospital staff response, medical resources availability, and surgical management depending upon the nature and pattern of injuries in a mass casualty incident. Descriptive. Combined Military Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan in March 2004. All injured by gunshot or blast in a terrorist attack and reported to the hospital were included in this study. Patients were triaged by the triage team using "triage sieve" into priority I, II, III, and IV. Priority I patients were further triaged by using "trauma index" to prioritize for surgery. Phase I included life saving, Phase II limb saving surgery and Phase III for debridement. All data was recorded and analyzed. Hospital received 161 casualties among whom 20 were brought in dead, and 141 patients were admitted to the hospital. Mean age was 26.63 +/- 13.97. The cases were categorized as Priority-I 22.7%, Priority-II 14.72%, Priority-III 50.31% a...
American Journal of Educational Research, 2013
Secondary school teachers have repeatedly ranked disruptive behaviour as one of the most serious ... more Secondary school teachers have repeatedly ranked disruptive behaviour as one of the most serious hurdle in effective teaching learning process in the classroom. It has also been reported that the students in public schools feel insecure due to lack of effective disciplinary measures and probable for aggression and unpleasant situation. Teachers are often not well prepared to manage classrooms' discipline. The present study aimed to investigate the types and causes of disruptive behaviour in classroom at secondary level. Teachers who were teaching in the secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituted the population of the study. Five hundred (500) teachers were taken as sample, using multi-stage random sampling method. A questionnaire was developed on five point Likert Scale and was distributed among the sampled teachers and collected their responses regarding the types and causes of students' disruptive behaviour in classroom. Some of the types of disruptive behaviour were reported unanimously reported by most of the teacher however a significant deviation has been reported. It is recommended that the disruptive behaviour of students of secondary schools in Pakistan needs an extensive attention of educators, policy makers and the government to address this area for quality education in the country. For this purpose proper trainings may be arranged for administrators and teachers to equip them regarding disruptive behavior and classroom management.
Pediatric Dermatology, 2010
The Plant Journal, 2004
A large number of recent studies have demonstrated that many important aspects of plant developme... more A large number of recent studies have demonstrated that many important aspects of plant development are regulated by heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes in DNA sequence. Rather, these regulatory mechanisms involve modifications of chromatin structure that affect the accessibility of target genes to regulatory factors that can control their expression. The central component of chromatin is the nucleosome, containing the highly conserved histone proteins that are known to be subject to a wide range of post-translational modifications, which act as recognition codes for the binding of chromatin-associated factors. In addition to these histone modifications, DNA methylation can also have a dramatic influence on gene expression. To accommodate the burgeoning interest of the plant science community in the epigenetic control of plant development, a series of methods used routinely in our laboratories have been compiled that can facilitate the characterization of putative chromatin-binding factors at the biochemical, molecular and cellular levels.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2014
h i g h l i g h t s Synthesis of six organotin(IV) complexes of 2-(4ethoxybenzylidene) butanoic a... more h i g h l i g h t s Synthesis of six organotin(IV) complexes of 2-(4ethoxybenzylidene) butanoic acid. Spectroscopic characterization of synthesized complexes (1-6). Single crystal analysis of complex 1. Antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antitumor activities of complexes (1-6). DNA interaction studies by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and viscometry. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t Six organotin(IV) complexes of 2-(4-ethoxybenzylidene) butanoic acid, have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-tumor activities. DNA interactions studies were performed to find out drug-DNA mechanism.
Asian Economic and Financial Review, 2005
The failure of Bretton Woods system in 1970s diverted the attention of the researchers and policy... more The failure of Bretton Woods system in 1970s diverted the attention of the researchers and policy makers from the orthodox wisdoms of elasticities, absorptions and Keynesian towards the new structuralist theories of contractionary depreciations. The present study has been ...
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2004
Infective endocarditis is common and data regarding its pattern and outcome from developing count... more Infective endocarditis is common and data regarding its pattern and outcome from developing countries is sparse. We therefore examined the spectrum, demographics and clinical features of infective endocarditis and sought to determine the factors affecting its clinical outcome. Patients and methods: Over a five-year period at our university hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, we identified 66 patients with infective endocarditis and compared their clinicoepidemiologic features and outcomes to subjects in the West. Results: The male:female ratio was 2:1; overall median age was 24 years (35.5 years for men and 13.5 years for women) (p < 0.001). Median duration of symptoms before presentation was 20.5 days. Major predisposing cardiac abnormalities included congenital (50%) and rheumatic (23%) lesions, and a history of heart surgery (17%). Causative organisms and valvular sites of infection were similar to those seen in developed countries. Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis was found in 48% of cases. Renal failure was more frequent among culture-positive patients (p = 0.055). Risk factors for mortality included neurologic (p = 0.003) and embolic (p = 0.02) complications, renal (p = 0.03) and left ventricular failure (p = 0.002), and a history of cardiac surgery (p = 0.026). Overall mortality was 27%. Conclusions: Patients with infective endocarditis in Pakistan exhibit significant differences compared to their counterparts in the West, including younger age at presentation, incidence of predisposing cardiac conditions, and gender differences reflecting sociocultural bias. Neurologic and embolic complications, renal failure and heart failure predict a worse outcome.
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009
Background: A large number of patients treated at our hospital for endocarditis have negative cul... more Background: A large number of patients treated at our hospital for endocarditis have negative cultures. Taking into consideration the fact that many of these patients receive antibiotics prior to referral, we decided to study culture-negative endocarditis in Pakistan.
![Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, X-ray structure and biological screenings of organotin(IV) 3-[(3,5-dichlorophenylamido)]propanoates](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94965317/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2013
Six new organotin(IV) complexes with general formula R 3 SnL/R 2 SnL 2 where R = CH 3 (1, 4), n-C... more Six new organotin(IV) complexes with general formula R 3 SnL/R 2 SnL 2 where R = CH 3 (1, 4), n-C 4 H 9 (2, 5), C 6 H 5 (3) or C 8 H 17 (6) and L = 3-[(3,5-dichlorophenylamido)]propanoic acid were synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, NMR (1 H and 13 C) spectral studies, and mass spectrometry. Spectrosco pic results suggest that the ligand coordinate through oxyg en atom of the carboxylate groups. Crystal structure of complex (2) exhibits distorted trigonal-bipyrimidal geometry around the tin atom while that of complex (3) exhibits tetrahedral geometry around the tin atom. Complexes (1-6) were screened for their antifungal and antibacterial studies and the results showed that the triorganotin(IV) comp lexes have higher activity against these microbes than the diorganotin(IV) complexes. The complexes bind to DNA via electrostatic interaction of Sn(IV) + moiety with the negatively charged oxygen of phosphate group of DNA resulting in hyperchromism.
IEICE Transactions on Communications, 2011
A Realistic Communication Model for Distributed Error-Prone Wireless Sensor Networks
Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Modeling, 2021
In this present case, we focus and explore the idea of a new family of convex function namely exp... more In this present case, we focus and explore the idea of a new family of convex function namely exponentialtype m–convex functions. To support this newly introduced idea, we elaborate some of its nice algebraicproperties. Employing this, we investigate the novel version of Hermite–Hadamard type integral inequality.Furthermore, to enhance the paper, we present several new refinements of Hermite–Hadamard (H−H) inequality.Further, in the manner of this newly introduced idea, we investigate some applications of specialmeans. These new results yield us some generalizations of the prior results in the literature. We believe, themethodology investigated in this paper will further inspire intrigued researchers.
Mango mealybug (Drosicha mangiferae) is a polyphagous insect, which has been recorded to feed on ... more Mango mealybug (Drosicha mangiferae) is a polyphagous insect, which has been recorded to feed on large number of plant species. Insecticides are considered to be the rapid method for the control of insect pests to overcome losses. In the current study, five different insecticides i-e Chlorpyriphos, Lambda cyalothrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin and profenophos were evaluated against adult female of mango mealy bug using a leaf dip method. The data were recorded after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120h. The Results indicated that profenophos was the most effective insecticide against adult female mealybug. Chloropyrifos was least effective among all the tested insecticides in the laboratory. INTRODUCTION Mango, Mangifera indica L., is one of the most important fruit trees in Pakistan and is now eaten worldwide. It is also known as " king of fruits " [1]. It is rich source of carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals [2]. It is the 2 nd major fruit crop of Pakistan and stands at 5 th place in ...
In this study, adsorption of Cu and Zn onto Ficus Religiosa has been investigated. Experimental d... more In this study, adsorption of Cu and Zn onto Ficus Religiosa has been investigated. Experimental data have been studied by Five two-parameter models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Stephan Brunauer, Paul Emmett, and Edward Teller (BET), Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich), Five three-parameters (Redlich–Peterson, Sips, Toth ,Koble-Corrigan, Radke-Prausnitz) and four kinetic models (Pseudo first order, pseudo second order, the Elovich Kinetic and Weber Morris (Interaparticle diffusion) Kinetic Model. In this study, six non linear error functions (Coefficient of Determination, Sum Squares Errors, Mean Square Error, Root Mean Square Error, Sum of the Absolute Error, Average Relative Error) were examined in order to identify the best adsorption isotherm and kinetic models for Cu and Zn adsorption on Ficus Religiosa. From the results it is concluded from the results that three parameters isotherms shows the better fit of the given experimental data as compared to the two parameter isotherms. Among two p...
Education for health (Abingdon, England), 2011
Medical education is a continuously evolving field. Training institutes and programs should have ... more Medical education is a continuously evolving field. Training institutes and programs should have a process in place to gather continuous feedback and then make appropriate modifications in order to provide education and training effectively. Our study aimed to assess the effect of a quality improvement cycle approach in using various educational interventions within a residency. Effects were measured on the key educational outcomes of residents; medical knowledge, skills and professional attitudes using results of postgraduate examination with both written and clinical skills components. A number of educational interventions were implemented which included changes in work hours with increased time for self-study, new educational activities including a Residents Hour, a Residents Slide Session, Grand Rounds and Journal Clubs, Clinico-pathological conferences, and a two- week postgraduate course for senior residents. Newer and improved assessment tools were also implemented, including...
A case report of an elderly gentleman is reported herein, who presented with one week history of ... more A case report of an elderly gentleman is reported herein, who presented with one week history of fever, drowsiness and left lower limb weakness. Examination revealed left lower limb weakness with power of grade 3/5. His workup showed evidence of infection and multiple cerebral infarcts on the right side. Blood culture grew Streptococcus pyogens. Echocardiogram showed two vegetations on the
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2015
Methyl esters from vegetable oils have attracted a great deal of interest as substitute for petro... more Methyl esters from vegetable oils have attracted a great deal of interest as substitute for petrodiesel to reduce dependence on imported petroleum and provide an alternate and sustainable source for fuel with more benign environmental properties. In the present study biodiesel was prepared from sunflower seed oil by transesterification by alkali-catalyzed methanolysis. The fuel properties of sunflower oil biodiesel were determined and discussed in the light of ASTM D6751 standards for biodiesel. The sunflower oil biodiesel was chemically characterized with analytical techniques like FT-IR, and NMR (1 H and 13 C). The chemical composition of sunflower oil biodiesel was determined by GC-MS. Various fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were identified by retention time data and verified by mass fragmentation patterns. The percentage conversion of triglycerides to the corresponding methyl esters determined by 1 H NMR was 87.33% which was quite in good agreement with the practically observed yield of 85.1%.
2010 IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference - Fall, 2010
Abstract Mobile Sensor Networks (MSN) are used for network load balancing, prolonging network lif... more Abstract Mobile Sensor Networks (MSN) are used for network load balancing, prolonging network lifetime, and improving network coverage by monitoring critical areas where manual sensor deployment cannot be performed. Addressing the problem of how to achieve ...
GBM Annual Spring meeting Mosbach 2009, 2009
Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2012
This is a case report of a patient who presented to the Aga Khan University Hospital with general... more This is a case report of a patient who presented to the Aga Khan University Hospital with generalized abdominal lymphadenopathy and high-grade fever. Due to ambiguous clinical findings, which were suggestive of either abdominal tuberculosis, or a lymphoma, the patient was started on empirical anti-tuberculous treatment due to the endemicity of tuberculosis in this region. The blood culture reports, however, were reported to grow colonies of Salmonella paratyphi A; thus the diagnosis of the patient was changed to enteric fever, and the patient improved on the subsequently started therapy of ceftriaxone 2,000 mg bid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient suffering from enteric fever whose primary clinical findings were abdominal lymphadenopathy and fever.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2014
To evaluate the surgical outcome of tubularised incised plate urethroplasty and onlay island flap... more To evaluate the surgical outcome of tubularised incised plate urethroplasty and onlay island flap repair for mid and proximal penile hypospadias. The prospective study was conducted at the Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from June 2011 to May 2013. A total of 60 patients with mid and proximal penile hypospadias in the age range of 02 to 06 years were included. Patients with hypospadias other than mid and proximal penile, with chordee and history of previous hypospadias repair were excluded. Patients were divided into two equal groups. Urethroplasty was done for group I and flap repair for group II. The follow-up period was 12-24 months. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. The mean duration of surgery was 62 +/- 8.72 minutes for group I and 90 +/- 11.25 minutes for group II (p < 0.0001). In group I, only 03 (10.0%) patients had complications, while in group II, 09 (30.0%) patients developed complications (p = 0.02). Cosmetic results were also excellent in group I comp...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2006
To determine the effectiveness of hospital management, considering triage system, hospital staff ... more To determine the effectiveness of hospital management, considering triage system, hospital staff response, medical resources availability, and surgical management depending upon the nature and pattern of injuries in a mass casualty incident. Descriptive. Combined Military Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan in March 2004. All injured by gunshot or blast in a terrorist attack and reported to the hospital were included in this study. Patients were triaged by the triage team using "triage sieve" into priority I, II, III, and IV. Priority I patients were further triaged by using "trauma index" to prioritize for surgery. Phase I included life saving, Phase II limb saving surgery and Phase III for debridement. All data was recorded and analyzed. Hospital received 161 casualties among whom 20 were brought in dead, and 141 patients were admitted to the hospital. Mean age was 26.63 +/- 13.97. The cases were categorized as Priority-I 22.7%, Priority-II 14.72%, Priority-III 50.31% a...
American Journal of Educational Research, 2013
Secondary school teachers have repeatedly ranked disruptive behaviour as one of the most serious ... more Secondary school teachers have repeatedly ranked disruptive behaviour as one of the most serious hurdle in effective teaching learning process in the classroom. It has also been reported that the students in public schools feel insecure due to lack of effective disciplinary measures and probable for aggression and unpleasant situation. Teachers are often not well prepared to manage classrooms' discipline. The present study aimed to investigate the types and causes of disruptive behaviour in classroom at secondary level. Teachers who were teaching in the secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituted the population of the study. Five hundred (500) teachers were taken as sample, using multi-stage random sampling method. A questionnaire was developed on five point Likert Scale and was distributed among the sampled teachers and collected their responses regarding the types and causes of students' disruptive behaviour in classroom. Some of the types of disruptive behaviour were reported unanimously reported by most of the teacher however a significant deviation has been reported. It is recommended that the disruptive behaviour of students of secondary schools in Pakistan needs an extensive attention of educators, policy makers and the government to address this area for quality education in the country. For this purpose proper trainings may be arranged for administrators and teachers to equip them regarding disruptive behavior and classroom management.
Pediatric Dermatology, 2010
The Plant Journal, 2004
A large number of recent studies have demonstrated that many important aspects of plant developme... more A large number of recent studies have demonstrated that many important aspects of plant development are regulated by heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes in DNA sequence. Rather, these regulatory mechanisms involve modifications of chromatin structure that affect the accessibility of target genes to regulatory factors that can control their expression. The central component of chromatin is the nucleosome, containing the highly conserved histone proteins that are known to be subject to a wide range of post-translational modifications, which act as recognition codes for the binding of chromatin-associated factors. In addition to these histone modifications, DNA methylation can also have a dramatic influence on gene expression. To accommodate the burgeoning interest of the plant science community in the epigenetic control of plant development, a series of methods used routinely in our laboratories have been compiled that can facilitate the characterization of putative chromatin-binding factors at the biochemical, molecular and cellular levels.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2014
h i g h l i g h t s Synthesis of six organotin(IV) complexes of 2-(4ethoxybenzylidene) butanoic a... more h i g h l i g h t s Synthesis of six organotin(IV) complexes of 2-(4ethoxybenzylidene) butanoic acid. Spectroscopic characterization of synthesized complexes (1-6). Single crystal analysis of complex 1. Antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antitumor activities of complexes (1-6). DNA interaction studies by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and viscometry. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t Six organotin(IV) complexes of 2-(4-ethoxybenzylidene) butanoic acid, have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-tumor activities. DNA interactions studies were performed to find out drug-DNA mechanism.
Asian Economic and Financial Review, 2005
The failure of Bretton Woods system in 1970s diverted the attention of the researchers and policy... more The failure of Bretton Woods system in 1970s diverted the attention of the researchers and policy makers from the orthodox wisdoms of elasticities, absorptions and Keynesian towards the new structuralist theories of contractionary depreciations. The present study has been ...
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2004
Infective endocarditis is common and data regarding its pattern and outcome from developing count... more Infective endocarditis is common and data regarding its pattern and outcome from developing countries is sparse. We therefore examined the spectrum, demographics and clinical features of infective endocarditis and sought to determine the factors affecting its clinical outcome. Patients and methods: Over a five-year period at our university hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, we identified 66 patients with infective endocarditis and compared their clinicoepidemiologic features and outcomes to subjects in the West. Results: The male:female ratio was 2:1; overall median age was 24 years (35.5 years for men and 13.5 years for women) (p < 0.001). Median duration of symptoms before presentation was 20.5 days. Major predisposing cardiac abnormalities included congenital (50%) and rheumatic (23%) lesions, and a history of heart surgery (17%). Causative organisms and valvular sites of infection were similar to those seen in developed countries. Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis was found in 48% of cases. Renal failure was more frequent among culture-positive patients (p = 0.055). Risk factors for mortality included neurologic (p = 0.003) and embolic (p = 0.02) complications, renal (p = 0.03) and left ventricular failure (p = 0.002), and a history of cardiac surgery (p = 0.026). Overall mortality was 27%. Conclusions: Patients with infective endocarditis in Pakistan exhibit significant differences compared to their counterparts in the West, including younger age at presentation, incidence of predisposing cardiac conditions, and gender differences reflecting sociocultural bias. Neurologic and embolic complications, renal failure and heart failure predict a worse outcome.
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009
Background: A large number of patients treated at our hospital for endocarditis have negative cul... more Background: A large number of patients treated at our hospital for endocarditis have negative cultures. Taking into consideration the fact that many of these patients receive antibiotics prior to referral, we decided to study culture-negative endocarditis in Pakistan.
Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2013
Six new organotin(IV) complexes with general formula R 3 SnL/R 2 SnL 2 where R = CH 3 (1, 4), n-C... more Six new organotin(IV) complexes with general formula R 3 SnL/R 2 SnL 2 where R = CH 3 (1, 4), n-C 4 H 9 (2, 5), C 6 H 5 (3) or C 8 H 17 (6) and L = 3-[(3,5-dichlorophenylamido)]propanoic acid were synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, NMR (1 H and 13 C) spectral studies, and mass spectrometry. Spectrosco pic results suggest that the ligand coordinate through oxyg en atom of the carboxylate groups. Crystal structure of complex (2) exhibits distorted trigonal-bipyrimidal geometry around the tin atom while that of complex (3) exhibits tetrahedral geometry around the tin atom. Complexes (1-6) were screened for their antifungal and antibacterial studies and the results showed that the triorganotin(IV) comp lexes have higher activity against these microbes than the diorganotin(IV) complexes. The complexes bind to DNA via electrostatic interaction of Sn(IV) + moiety with the negatively charged oxygen of phosphate group of DNA resulting in hyperchromism.
IEICE Transactions on Communications, 2011
A Realistic Communication Model for Distributed Error-Prone Wireless Sensor Networks