Muhammad Umar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhammad Umar

Journal of Medical and Basic Scientific Research, Jan 17, 2021

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt health systems across the globe, preventin... more Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt health systems across the globe, preventing access to essential health services. Lockdown measures against the virus may impact negatively on immunization services. This study aimed to ascertain the capacity of primary health care centres in Kaduna North senatorial district to provide routine immunization services amidst a state-wide lockdown.Methods: Cluster sampling was used to select four among eight local Government areas in the district. Facility in-charges and RI focal persons were interviewed using service availability and readiness assessment tool, restricted to immunization tracer items. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the mean number of vaccine doses given in the first quarter of 2020 (pre-lockdown) and the number of doses given in the second quarter (lockdown period).Results: Forty four PHCs were selected from Zaria (29.6%), Sabon Gari (25.0%), Makarfi (22.7%) and Kudan (22.7%). In addition to well-trained RI...

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 2021

Introduction: Nigeria has one of the highest proportions of cases of HIV/AIDS globally. This burd... more Introduction: Nigeria has one of the highest proportions of cases of HIV/AIDS globally. This burden is more pronounced in the younger population which includes secondary school students (SSS). We set out to determine the level of family communication among SSS in Zaria metropolis. Subjects and Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study among 73 randomly selected students. Data were obtained with a semi-structured, pretested, self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to present data at the univariate level while Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was employed to identify the relationship between non-numeric variables with a 5% level of significance. Results: The mean age (± standard deviation) was 16.1 ± 1.1 years. Majority have heard 60 (82.2%) and have good knowledge 55 (75.3%) of family communication. There was an overall positive attitude as 44 (60.3%) believe it helps prevent HIV/AIDS and 57 (78.1%) believe it is very important and should be encou...

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 2021

Background: Residency training is a postgraduate medical education where graduate doctors are men... more Background: Residency training is a postgraduate medical education where graduate doctors are mentored toward becoming independent specialists. In Nigeria currently, the Medical Residency Training Act (MRTA) 2017 guides residency training under the regulation of three postgraduate medical colleges: the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria (NPMCN), West African College of Surgeons (WACS), and West African College of Physicians (WACP). For the respective colleges, resident doctors are expected to attempt Part One and Part Two fellowship examinations after completing their junior and senior residency training, respectively, within stipulated durations. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess resident doctors' performance in training and predictive factors. Methodology: Electronic questionnaires was distributed to respondents through their contacts or emails. Data was collected within a period of one month, from July 10 to August 6, 2020. Data was analyzed using m...

The International Journal of Science & Technoledge, 2020

COVID-19 Pandemic and Cyber-threat: A Major Concern in Q1 of 2020 1. Introduction Human beings as... more COVID-19 Pandemic and Cyber-threat: A Major Concern in Q1 of 2020 1. Introduction Human beings as social entities, thathave always devised various means of communicating with each other, which ranges from simple pictures (petroglyphs), symbols, alphabets, electromechanical and the internet. Evolution of our information technology has sharpened the way we communicate with each other, how data can be generated, stored, and transmitted in real time, irrespective of the distance. The digitalization of information triggered the rise of digital platforms and applications that are used in diverse spheres of life. As the world today is experiencing a cataclysmic impact of coronavirus pandemic which has triggered a surge in the use of internet for various reasons during this lockdown and as such attracted the attention of different quarters to unleash mayhem to unsuspecting users. As Social distancing continue to caused economies to bleed worldwide (Abubakar et.al, 2020),organizations, businesses, agencies and governments have migrated their operations/services to the cloud while their staff are granted access to their domain, which enable them to work from home with the help of various tools, platforms and applications. The cascading pandemonium caused by COVID-19 pandemic and its global impact is making cybersecurity critical as people become more dependent on digital infrastructure for various reasons. The current pandemic is accelerating the trend of global economic and social dependence on the internet (Weforum 1 , 2020). In this research, we explore the impact of cyber security, digital surveillance, and deluge of information during the outbreak of coronavirus. We will examine different tools, platforms, applications that are used by cyber criminals to perpetuate their nefarious acts. The impact of cybersecurity breaches on individuals, organizations, and global economy,

The International Journal of Science & Technoledge, 2020

Throughout the world history, humanity has been plagued by varieties of virus and bacteria, at ca... more Throughout the world history, humanity has been plagued by varieties of virus and bacteria, at catastrophic levels, which claimed millions of lives at different point in time, and such pandemics include, Antonine Plague 5 million deaths, Black Death 200 million, smallpox 56 million, polio over 6 thousand, HIV-Aids 36 Million, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 774, Spanish flu 25-50 Million and currently, Coronavirus 110 thousand and still counting (Slawson, 2020). Many believed corona virus is traceable to bats, snakes and pangolin from a wild animal market in Wuhan, (Huanan South China Seafood Market) China, suggesting a possible zoonotic origin (Read et al., 2020). An increasing number of cases seems to have resulted from human-to-human transmission, and aided by widespread commerce and services across 210 countries as at 12 April, 2020 and territories around the world and two international conveyance the Diamond Princess cruise ship, harbored in Yokohama, Japan and the Holland America's MS Zaandam cruise ship, (Munster et al., 2020).

Arab Journal of Gastroenterology, 2014

Propofol is increasingly being used for sedation purposes during endoscopic retrograde cholangiop... more Propofol is increasingly being used for sedation purposes during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This study aimed to evaluate the safety of non-anaesthesiologist administration of propofol (NAAP) during therapeutic ERCP. Patients, who underwent ERCP at Centre for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, were included in the study. Propofol sedation was administered by a physician who was a non-anaesthesiologist certified in basic and advanced cardiac life support. The total study duration was 6 months. The primary outcome variable was the frequency of any sedation-related complication. A total of 156 patients (41% males and 59% females) were enrolled in the study. The mean propofol dose used during the procedure was 201±132 mg. The mean propofol dose, when adjusted to weight and duration of procedure, was 0.05±0.04 mg kg(-1)min(-1). According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, 136 (87%) patients were placed in ASA class I and II and 20 (13%) patients were of ASA class III. Only two patients developed sedation-related complication: one minor requiring bag-mask ventilation and other major requiring mechanical ventilation via endotracheal intubation. Both were managed by the trained non-anaesthesiologist and gastroenterologist at the place of procedure. No patients required cardiopulmonary resuscitation and admission to the intensive care unit. There were no sedation-related deaths. NAAP sedation can be considered safe for low-risk patients (ASA class I and II) undergoing ERCP. The presence of a trained anaesthetist is advisable in high-risk patients (ASA class III and higher) with significant co-morbidities.

Waste management (New York, N.Y.), 2010

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as Fenton, electro-Fenton and photo-Fenton have been app... more Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as Fenton, electro-Fenton and photo-Fenton have been applied effectively to remove refractory organics from landfill leachate. The Fenton reaction is based on the addition of hydrogen peroxide to the wastewater or leachate in the presence of ferrous salt as a catalyst. The use of this technique has proved to be one of the best compromises for landfill leachate treatment because of its environmental and economical advantages. Fenton process has been used successfully to mineralize wide range of organic constituents present in landfill leachate particularly those recalcitrant to biological degradation. The present study reviews the use of Fenton and related processes in terms of their increased application to landfill leachate. The effects of various operating parameters and their optimum ranges for maximum COD and color removal are reviewed with the conclusion that the Fenton and related processes are effective and competitive with other techn...

Journal of environmental management, 2010

This study analyzes and compares the results of leachate composition at the semi-aerobic Pulau Bu... more This study analyzes and compares the results of leachate composition at the semi-aerobic Pulau Burung Landfill Site (PBLS) (unaerated pond and intermittently aerated pond) and the anaerobic Kulim Sanitary Landfill in the northern region of Malaysia. The raw samples were collected and analyzed for twenty parameters. The average values of the parameters such as phenols (1.2, 6.7, and 2.6 mg/L), total nitrogen (448, 1200, and 300 mg/L N-TN), ammonia-N (542, 1568, and 538 mg/L NH(3)-N), nitrite (91, 49, and 52 mg/L NO(2)(-)-N), total phosphorus (21, 17, and 19 mg/L), BOD(5) (83, 243, and 326 mg/L), COD (935, 2345, and 1892 mg/L), BOD(5)/COD (0.096,0.1124,0.205%), pH (8.20, 8.28, and 7.76), turbidity (1546, 180, and 1936 Formazin attenuation units (FAU)), and color (3334, 3347, and 4041 Pt Co) for leachate at the semi-aerobic PBLS (unaerated and intermittently aerated) and the anaerobic Kulim Sanitary Landfill were recorded, respectively. The obtained results were compared with previousl...

Chemosphere, 2013

h i g h l i g h t s " Low concentrations of bisphenol A cause endocrine disruption in many organi... more h i g h l i g h t s " Low concentrations of bisphenol A cause endocrine disruption in many organisms. " Ozonation is promising for removal of bisphenol A from water and wastewater. " Ozone oxidation of BPA is reviewed and the impact of operational parameters is discussed. " Ozonation of BPA leads to a range of by-products, depending on conditions. " More research is needed on the formation and degradation of oxidation by-products.

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 2021

Background: Residency training develops trainees to practice evidence-based medicine using knowle... more Background: Residency training develops trainees to practice evidence-based medicine using knowledge acquired through researches. Resident doctors are not just expected to be consumers of good researches but are also expected to build their competencies in conducting researches in their fields of specialization. They are expected to engage in journal clubs as well as scientific paper presentations in local and international conferences under the mentorship and guidance of their trainers. In addition, trainers in residency training supervise the compulsory dissertation of senior residents under them. Objectives: We aimed to assess research engagement of resident doctors in training and pattern of submission and approval of their dissertation proposal. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional descriptive study involving resident doctors in accredited hospitals in Northwestern Nigeria. Electronic questionnaires were distributed to respondents via their verified electronic medi...

Journal of Medical and Basic Scientific Research, Jan 17, 2021

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt health systems across the globe, preventin... more Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt health systems across the globe, preventing access to essential health services. Lockdown measures against the virus may impact negatively on immunization services. This study aimed to ascertain the capacity of primary health care centres in Kaduna North senatorial district to provide routine immunization services amidst a state-wide lockdown.Methods: Cluster sampling was used to select four among eight local Government areas in the district. Facility in-charges and RI focal persons were interviewed using service availability and readiness assessment tool, restricted to immunization tracer items. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the mean number of vaccine doses given in the first quarter of 2020 (pre-lockdown) and the number of doses given in the second quarter (lockdown period).Results: Forty four PHCs were selected from Zaria (29.6%), Sabon Gari (25.0%), Makarfi (22.7%) and Kudan (22.7%). In addition to well-trained RI...

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 2021

Introduction: Nigeria has one of the highest proportions of cases of HIV/AIDS globally. This burd... more Introduction: Nigeria has one of the highest proportions of cases of HIV/AIDS globally. This burden is more pronounced in the younger population which includes secondary school students (SSS). We set out to determine the level of family communication among SSS in Zaria metropolis. Subjects and Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study among 73 randomly selected students. Data were obtained with a semi-structured, pretested, self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to present data at the univariate level while Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was employed to identify the relationship between non-numeric variables with a 5% level of significance. Results: The mean age (± standard deviation) was 16.1 ± 1.1 years. Majority have heard 60 (82.2%) and have good knowledge 55 (75.3%) of family communication. There was an overall positive attitude as 44 (60.3%) believe it helps prevent HIV/AIDS and 57 (78.1%) believe it is very important and should be encou...

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 2021

Background: Residency training is a postgraduate medical education where graduate doctors are men... more Background: Residency training is a postgraduate medical education where graduate doctors are mentored toward becoming independent specialists. In Nigeria currently, the Medical Residency Training Act (MRTA) 2017 guides residency training under the regulation of three postgraduate medical colleges: the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria (NPMCN), West African College of Surgeons (WACS), and West African College of Physicians (WACP). For the respective colleges, resident doctors are expected to attempt Part One and Part Two fellowship examinations after completing their junior and senior residency training, respectively, within stipulated durations. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess resident doctors' performance in training and predictive factors. Methodology: Electronic questionnaires was distributed to respondents through their contacts or emails. Data was collected within a period of one month, from July 10 to August 6, 2020. Data was analyzed using m...

The International Journal of Science & Technoledge, 2020

COVID-19 Pandemic and Cyber-threat: A Major Concern in Q1 of 2020 1. Introduction Human beings as... more COVID-19 Pandemic and Cyber-threat: A Major Concern in Q1 of 2020 1. Introduction Human beings as social entities, thathave always devised various means of communicating with each other, which ranges from simple pictures (petroglyphs), symbols, alphabets, electromechanical and the internet. Evolution of our information technology has sharpened the way we communicate with each other, how data can be generated, stored, and transmitted in real time, irrespective of the distance. The digitalization of information triggered the rise of digital platforms and applications that are used in diverse spheres of life. As the world today is experiencing a cataclysmic impact of coronavirus pandemic which has triggered a surge in the use of internet for various reasons during this lockdown and as such attracted the attention of different quarters to unleash mayhem to unsuspecting users. As Social distancing continue to caused economies to bleed worldwide (Abubakar et.al, 2020),organizations, businesses, agencies and governments have migrated their operations/services to the cloud while their staff are granted access to their domain, which enable them to work from home with the help of various tools, platforms and applications. The cascading pandemonium caused by COVID-19 pandemic and its global impact is making cybersecurity critical as people become more dependent on digital infrastructure for various reasons. The current pandemic is accelerating the trend of global economic and social dependence on the internet (Weforum 1 , 2020). In this research, we explore the impact of cyber security, digital surveillance, and deluge of information during the outbreak of coronavirus. We will examine different tools, platforms, applications that are used by cyber criminals to perpetuate their nefarious acts. The impact of cybersecurity breaches on individuals, organizations, and global economy,

The International Journal of Science & Technoledge, 2020

Throughout the world history, humanity has been plagued by varieties of virus and bacteria, at ca... more Throughout the world history, humanity has been plagued by varieties of virus and bacteria, at catastrophic levels, which claimed millions of lives at different point in time, and such pandemics include, Antonine Plague 5 million deaths, Black Death 200 million, smallpox 56 million, polio over 6 thousand, HIV-Aids 36 Million, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 774, Spanish flu 25-50 Million and currently, Coronavirus 110 thousand and still counting (Slawson, 2020). Many believed corona virus is traceable to bats, snakes and pangolin from a wild animal market in Wuhan, (Huanan South China Seafood Market) China, suggesting a possible zoonotic origin (Read et al., 2020). An increasing number of cases seems to have resulted from human-to-human transmission, and aided by widespread commerce and services across 210 countries as at 12 April, 2020 and territories around the world and two international conveyance the Diamond Princess cruise ship, harbored in Yokohama, Japan and the Holland America's MS Zaandam cruise ship, (Munster et al., 2020).

Arab Journal of Gastroenterology, 2014

Propofol is increasingly being used for sedation purposes during endoscopic retrograde cholangiop... more Propofol is increasingly being used for sedation purposes during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This study aimed to evaluate the safety of non-anaesthesiologist administration of propofol (NAAP) during therapeutic ERCP. Patients, who underwent ERCP at Centre for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, were included in the study. Propofol sedation was administered by a physician who was a non-anaesthesiologist certified in basic and advanced cardiac life support. The total study duration was 6 months. The primary outcome variable was the frequency of any sedation-related complication. A total of 156 patients (41% males and 59% females) were enrolled in the study. The mean propofol dose used during the procedure was 201±132 mg. The mean propofol dose, when adjusted to weight and duration of procedure, was 0.05±0.04 mg kg(-1)min(-1). According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, 136 (87%) patients were placed in ASA class I and II and 20 (13%) patients were of ASA class III. Only two patients developed sedation-related complication: one minor requiring bag-mask ventilation and other major requiring mechanical ventilation via endotracheal intubation. Both were managed by the trained non-anaesthesiologist and gastroenterologist at the place of procedure. No patients required cardiopulmonary resuscitation and admission to the intensive care unit. There were no sedation-related deaths. NAAP sedation can be considered safe for low-risk patients (ASA class I and II) undergoing ERCP. The presence of a trained anaesthetist is advisable in high-risk patients (ASA class III and higher) with significant co-morbidities.

Waste management (New York, N.Y.), 2010

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as Fenton, electro-Fenton and photo-Fenton have been app... more Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as Fenton, electro-Fenton and photo-Fenton have been applied effectively to remove refractory organics from landfill leachate. The Fenton reaction is based on the addition of hydrogen peroxide to the wastewater or leachate in the presence of ferrous salt as a catalyst. The use of this technique has proved to be one of the best compromises for landfill leachate treatment because of its environmental and economical advantages. Fenton process has been used successfully to mineralize wide range of organic constituents present in landfill leachate particularly those recalcitrant to biological degradation. The present study reviews the use of Fenton and related processes in terms of their increased application to landfill leachate. The effects of various operating parameters and their optimum ranges for maximum COD and color removal are reviewed with the conclusion that the Fenton and related processes are effective and competitive with other techn...

Journal of environmental management, 2010

This study analyzes and compares the results of leachate composition at the semi-aerobic Pulau Bu... more This study analyzes and compares the results of leachate composition at the semi-aerobic Pulau Burung Landfill Site (PBLS) (unaerated pond and intermittently aerated pond) and the anaerobic Kulim Sanitary Landfill in the northern region of Malaysia. The raw samples were collected and analyzed for twenty parameters. The average values of the parameters such as phenols (1.2, 6.7, and 2.6 mg/L), total nitrogen (448, 1200, and 300 mg/L N-TN), ammonia-N (542, 1568, and 538 mg/L NH(3)-N), nitrite (91, 49, and 52 mg/L NO(2)(-)-N), total phosphorus (21, 17, and 19 mg/L), BOD(5) (83, 243, and 326 mg/L), COD (935, 2345, and 1892 mg/L), BOD(5)/COD (0.096,0.1124,0.205%), pH (8.20, 8.28, and 7.76), turbidity (1546, 180, and 1936 Formazin attenuation units (FAU)), and color (3334, 3347, and 4041 Pt Co) for leachate at the semi-aerobic PBLS (unaerated and intermittently aerated) and the anaerobic Kulim Sanitary Landfill were recorded, respectively. The obtained results were compared with previousl...

Chemosphere, 2013

h i g h l i g h t s " Low concentrations of bisphenol A cause endocrine disruption in many organi... more h i g h l i g h t s " Low concentrations of bisphenol A cause endocrine disruption in many organisms. " Ozonation is promising for removal of bisphenol A from water and wastewater. " Ozone oxidation of BPA is reviewed and the impact of operational parameters is discussed. " Ozonation of BPA leads to a range of by-products, depending on conditions. " More research is needed on the formation and degradation of oxidation by-products.

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 2021

Background: Residency training develops trainees to practice evidence-based medicine using knowle... more Background: Residency training develops trainees to practice evidence-based medicine using knowledge acquired through researches. Resident doctors are not just expected to be consumers of good researches but are also expected to build their competencies in conducting researches in their fields of specialization. They are expected to engage in journal clubs as well as scientific paper presentations in local and international conferences under the mentorship and guidance of their trainers. In addition, trainers in residency training supervise the compulsory dissertation of senior residents under them. Objectives: We aimed to assess research engagement of resident doctors in training and pattern of submission and approval of their dissertation proposal. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional descriptive study involving resident doctors in accredited hospitals in Northwestern Nigeria. Electronic questionnaires were distributed to respondents via their verified electronic medi...